The law on education in the Russian Federation - 273 FZ, adopted The State Duma On December 21, 2012, it fully regulates the education sector in our country. For managers, this document is desk book, a kind of Bible, which they are obliged to know and strictly observe all the provisions. It is desirable that both parents and students of different educational institutions also got acquainted with the main provisions of the Law.

Unfortunately, within the framework of one article, it is impossible to make out in detail the entire Law, each of its points. We will analyze the key, most important provisions that can help many consumers educational services, since the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" is applied in kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.

Basic concepts

Education - one purposeful process education and training of the individual, the totality of acquired knowledge, skills, experience, moral values, attitudes. The goal is to form a comprehensively developed citizen with high intellectual, physical, cultural, spiritual and moral development.

It is a mistake to believe that education is only about obtaining information. Here we are using terms incorrectly.

Training is the purposeful acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities.

Education is a process aimed at the spiritual and moral development of a person, as a result of which the development of generally accepted rules and norms should occur.

Education includes training (acquisition of knowledge and skills), upbringing (mastering generally accepted norms), physical development.

education requirement

A pedagogical worker is a person who carries out the educational process. He is in an employment relationship with an educational organization, performs certain job duties, receiving wages for this. Before the Federal Law Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" was adopted, there were no legislative restrictions on the employment of a teacher at a school, an educator in kindergarten... At school, it was quite normal to see a person as a teacher who had barely finished it at one time. In the absence of professional staff, with low wages of teachers, few went to pedagogical universities... The problem is aggravated by the very low percentage of graduates who decided to connect their lives with educational institutions.

Today the situation is different: the law "On Education in the Russian Federation" prohibits teaching activities persons who do not have the appropriate qualifications. In Art. 46 of the Law expressly stipulates that a person who graduated from or a higher education institution has the right to be an employee of education. Education alone is not enough. It will also be necessary to pass the additional specialization "Pedagogy" if the applicant's university or college is not pedagogical.

Education document

The Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" provides for the issuance of supporting documents (certificate, diploma) for the passage of the following levels of education:

Basic common.
General average.
Initial professional.
Average professional.
Higher education - bachelor's degree.
Higher education is a specialty.
Higher education - Master's degree.

Education system

The Law "On Education of the Russian Federation" (latest edition) contains a hierarchy of main components in unified system education:

and the instructions are regulations for which schools, institutes, colleges, etc. are obliged to carry out educational activities. The status of an educational organization does not matter: commercial, budgetary, state-owned - if it has a license to issue the relevant documents, then it is obliged to carry out training on the basis of standards.
Direct implementation of training: educational organizations, teaching staff, students, legal representatives.
Federal state bodies, authorities of subjects exercising control. The main role belongs to the Federal State Service for Supervision of Education (Rosobrnadzor). In the regions, this function is performed by the regional ministries of education. They monitor the implementation of state standards in educational institutions.
Organizations providing educational activities. In the districts, the district education committees are responsible for financing budget schools. They also conduct assessment activities on the controlled territory of all schools.
Associations of individuals or legal entities engaged in educational activities. The trade union of teachers is a prime example.

Objectives of Federal State Standards

The Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" assigns a key place to federal state standards... They perform the following tasks:

Unity of education. It follows that throughout the country, students receive the same level of education, which means equality of opportunity.
Continuity. Despite the dynamic development and reform of the education system, the introduction of new standards and requirements, the key task is to maintain continuity. You cannot completely destroy the entire system every year for the sake of momentary political or economic gain.
Variability. Despite the unity of education as a whole, the law on education in the Russian Federation excludes the rigid totalitarian framework of unity in obtaining it. Depending on the abilities, desires, time, various options for achieving certain tasks are created.
Guarantee. It follows that the state controls the unity of education throughout the country.

You can study at home! Forms of education

It is difficult for a Soviet person to imagine this, but the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" provides for training not only in educational institutions. Article 17 lists the acceptable forms of study:

In the traditional form - in specialized educational institutions.
In an alternative form - outside specialized educational institutions.

The traditional form is subdivided into:

Full-time.
Correspondence.
Full-time and part-time.

Distance learning is gaining popularity nowadays. In the century information technologies it has become a reality to visit museums, theaters, rare exhibitions on the other side of the planet, without leaving home. Information and communication technologies have penetrated into education as well.

Law "On Education of the Russian Federation" - new law... However, he does not classify distance education as a separate category. The student is at home, prepares according to an individual schedule, listens to lectures remotely, using communication channels. Consequently, distance education belongs to the category of distance learning.

Alternative form

It is not necessary to send a child to school today to receive the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" allows for such a possibility. In addition, the state allocates money for alternative forms of education for each child.

Views

Obtaining a certificate outside of school is divided into two types:

Family education.
Self-education.

Family education involves shifting the function of learning to the family. It is for this form that the state pays compensation. Of course, schools react very painfully to this. This is understandable: no one wants to be left without a salary. Judicial practice shows that the courts are completely on the side of the parents. The average compensation for a middle and senior pupil is about 10 thousand rubles.

The problem of attracting child labor as cleaners

School duty is a tradition that we inherited from the Soviet past. Many parents still do not see the problem of cleaning the floors with their children as part of their school duty. However, Article 34 of the Law directly provides for parental consent to such involvement of a child in work. Classes in technology and labor training are compulsory. It is on them that students are legally required, in accordance with federal state programs, to engage in labor: sewing, cooking, woodworking. Everything else - only at the request of the parents.

Outcomes

So, the main law that regulates the field of education is the Federal Law “On Education of the Russian Federation”. Its articles contain a description of the organization of the educational process, the competences of local authorities, forms and types of education, the rules for final attestations, etc. We have analyzed the most interesting points of this Law in the article.

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2 The level of education is a completed cycle of education, characterized by a certain unified set of requirements. Federal state educational standard - a set of mandatory requirements for education of a certain level and (or) for a profession, specialty and direction of training, approved by the federal executive body in charge of developing public policy and legal regulation in the field of education

3 Educational program is a complex of basic characteristics of education (volume, content, planned results), organizational and pedagogical conditions and, in the cases provided for by this Federal Law, forms of certification, which is presented in the form of a curriculum, a curriculum schedule, work programs of academic subjects, courses , disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and teaching materials... Approximate basic educational program - educational and methodological documentation (approximate syllabus, an approximate calendar curriculum, approximate work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components), which determines the recommended volume and content of education of a certain level and (or) a certain focus, the planned results of mastering the educational program, approximate conditions of educational activity, including approximate calculations of the standard costs for the provision of public services for the implementation of the educational program.

4 Educational activities - activities for the implementation of educational programs. An educational organization is a non-profit organization that carries out educational activities on the basis of a license as the main type of activity in accordance with the goals for the achievement of which such an organization was created. An organization providing training is a legal entity that, on the basis of a license, along with its main activity, educational activities as additional type activities.

5 Organizations engaged in educational activities - educational organizations, as well as organizations providing training. For the purposes of this Federal Law, individual entrepreneurs carrying out educational activities are equated to organizations engaged in educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law. Curriculum - a document that defines the list, labor intensity, sequence and distribution by periods of study of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practice, other types of educational activities and, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law, forms intermediate certification students.

6 Individual curriculum - a curriculum that ensures the development of an educational program based on the individualization of its content, taking into account the characteristics and educational needs specific student. The focus (profile) of education is the orientation of the educational program to specific areas of knowledge and (or) types of activity, which determines its subject-specific content, the prevailing types of educational activities of the student and the requirements for the results of mastering the educational program.

7 Means of teaching and education - devices, equipment, including sports equipment and inventory, instruments (including musical), teaching aids, computers, information and telecommunication networks, hardware, software and audiovisual means, printed and electronic educational and information resources and other material objects necessary for the organization of educational activities. Inclusive education - ensuring equal access to education for all learners, taking into account the diversity of special educational needs and individual opportunities.

8 Adapted educational program is an educational program adapted for the training of persons with disabilities health, taking into account the characteristics of their psychophysical development, individual capabilities and, if necessary, providing correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation specified persons. The quality of education is a complex characteristic of educational activities and training of a student, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements and (or) the needs of an individual or legal entity in whose interests educational activities are carried out, including the degree of achievement of the planned results educational program.

9 Adapted educational program - an educational program adapted for training persons with disabilities, taking into account the characteristics of their psychophysical development, individual capabilities and, if necessary, providing correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation of these persons. The quality of education is a complex characteristic of educational activities and training of a student, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements and (or) the needs of an individual or legal entity in whose interests educational activities are carried out, including the degree of achievement of the planned results educational program.

11 State accreditation of educational activities is carried out for basic educational programs implemented in accordance with federal state educational standards, with the exception of educational programs for preschool education, as well as for basic educational programs implemented in accordance with educational standards. The purpose of state accreditation of educational activities is to confirm compliance with federal state educational standards of educational activities for basic educational programs and training of students in educational institutions, organizations providing training, as well as individual entrepreneurs, with the exception of individual entrepreneurs engaged in educational activities directly.

12 State accreditation of educational activities of educational organizations founded by religious organizations is carried out according to the submissions of the relevant religious organizations (if such religious organizations are part of the structure of centralized religious organizations, according to the submissions of the corresponding centralized religious organizations). When conducting state accreditation of educational activities for educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education, the accreditation body makes a decision on state accreditation or on refusal of state accreditation of educational activities for the specified educational programs in relation to each level of general education, which includes those declared for state accreditation basic general education programs.

13 The application for state accreditation and the documents attached to it are submitted to the accreditation body directly or sent by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt. The application for state accreditation and the documents attached to it, the organization carrying out educational activities, has the right to send to the accreditation body in the form electronic document signed with an electronic signature. The forms of the said application and the documents attached to it, as well as the requirements for their filling and execution, are approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

14 State accreditation of educational activities is carried out based on the results of an accreditation examination, which is based on the principles of the objectivity of its conduct and the responsibility of experts for the quality of its conduct. The subject of the accreditation examination is to determine the conformity of the content and quality of training of students in an organization carrying out educational activities, according to the federal state educational standards declared for state accreditation of educational programs.

15 Experts with the necessary qualifications in the field of basic educational programs declared for state accreditation and (or) expert organizations that meet the established requirements participate in the accreditation examination. Experts and expert organizations cannot be in civil law relations (experts also in labor relations) with an organization carrying out educational activities when conducting an accreditation examination in relation to the educational activities of such an organization.

16 Qualification requirements for experts, requirements for expert organizations, the procedure for attracting, selecting experts and expert organizations for conducting an accreditation examination, the procedure for their accreditation (including the procedure for maintaining a register of experts and expert organizations) are established by the federal executive body performing the functions of developing state education policy and regulation. Payment for the services of experts and expert organizations and reimbursement of expenses incurred by them in connection with the accreditation examination of expenses are made in the manner and in the amount established by the Government Russian Federation.

17 By the regulatory act of the accreditation body on the conduct of the accreditation examination, the composition of experts is determined and the head of the expert group is appointed. When conducting an accreditation examination, the expert group uses documents and materials posted by the organization on the official website on the Internet, and also requests documents and materials necessary for conducting an accreditation examination, the list of which is established by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. An organization carrying out educational activities or its branch provides workplaces with access to the Internet for the work of the expert group.

18 Upon completion of the accreditation examination, the members of the expert group prepare reports on the accreditation examination in terms of the educational programs assigned to them. The head of the expert group prepares, on the basis of the reports on the accreditation examination, an opinion on the results of the accreditation examination.

19 Information on the conduct of the accreditation examination, including the conclusion drawn up based on the results of the accreditation examination, is posted by the accreditation body on its official website on the Internet. The accreditation body makes a decision on state accreditation of educational activities of an organization carrying out educational activities within a period not exceeding one hundred and five days from the date of receipt of an application for state accreditation and the documents attached to this application.

20 When making a decision on state accreditation of educational activities, the accreditation body issues a certificate of state accreditation, the validity of which is twelve years for an organization carrying out educational activities in basic general education programs.

21 An organization carrying out educational activities that arose as a result of reorganization in the form of a merger, division or separation, or reorganized in the form of joining another organization carrying out educational activities, is issued a temporary certificate of state accreditation of educational activities for educational programs, the implementation of which was carried out by the reorganized organization or reorganized organizations and which had state accreditation. The temporary certificate of state accreditation is valid for one year.

22 The accreditation body refuses state accreditation of educational activities for educational programs declared for state accreditation related to the corresponding levels of education, if there is one of the following grounds: 1) identification of inaccurate information in documents submitted by an organization carrying out educational activities; 2) the presence of a negative opinion drawn up based on the results of the accreditation examination.

23 The accreditation body deprives an organization carrying out educational activities of state accreditation of educational activities for educational programs declared for state accreditation related to the corresponding levels of education or to enlarged groups of professions, specialties and areas of training, if there is one of the following grounds:

1) cancellation of the license to carry out educational activities in full or in relation to individual educational programs with state accreditation; 2) repeated violation of the legislation in the field of education by the organization carrying out educational activities during the period of validity of state accreditation, which entailed the illegal issuance of documents on education and (or) on qualifications of the established form; 3) expiration of the period for suspension of the state accreditation (in the absence of grounds for renewing the state accreditation).

25 An organization carrying out educational activities has the right to apply for state accreditation no earlier than one year after the refusal of state accreditation or its deprivation of state accreditation. For the issuance of a certificate of state accreditation, renewal of a certificate of state accreditation and the issuance of a temporary certificate of state accreditation, a state fee is paid in the amount and in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees. The regulation on state accreditation of educational activities is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

26 Regulations on state accreditation of educational activities establish: 1) requirements for an application for state accreditation, a list of information included in it, requirements for documents required for state accreditation and attached to an application for state accreditation, and their list; 2) the procedure for submitting an application for state accreditation and documents required for conducting state accreditation by an organization carrying out educational activities, the procedure for their acceptance by an accreditation body; 3) the procedure for conducting an accreditation examination, including the procedure for attracting experts and (or) expert organizations to conduct an accreditation examination;

4) the specifics of conducting an accreditation examination when conducting state accreditation of educational activities of educational organizations founded by religious organizations, in terms of confirming the educational qualification of teaching staff of such educational organizations, as well as educational activities of foreign institutions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; 5) the procedure for making a decision on state accreditation or on refusal of state accreditation;

6) the procedure for the provision by the accreditation body of a duplicate certificate of state accreditation; 7) the grounds and procedure for reissuing the certificate of state accreditation; 8) the procedure for suspension, renewal, termination and revocation of state accreditation; 9) the specifics of conducting an accreditation examination during state accreditation.

29 An organization carrying out educational activities shall attach to the application for state accreditation: - a power of attorney or other document confirming the right of an authorized person of the organization carrying out educational activities who sent the application and the attached documents to act on behalf of the organization; - information on the implementation of educational programs declared for state accreditation; - information on the presence (absence) of public accreditation in Russian, foreign and international organizations and (or) professional and public accreditation; - list of submitted documents.

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Introduction:

The federal law is aimed at ensuring state guarantees and the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to education, legal regulation of relations in the field of education in order to ensure and protect the interests of the individual, society and the state.

Federal law regulates the legal status of educational organizations (state, municipal, private), organizations providing training, individual entrepreneurs and the procedure for their educational activities, establishes the rights and obligations of students and their parents (legal representatives), pedagogical and other employees of educational organizations, and also their social security measures.

The federal law defines the principles and mechanisms for the implementation of the right of citizens to affordable, free and high-quality education, including the status and significance of federal state educational standards, the procedure for admission to organizations carrying out educational activities, the procedure for the development and implementation of educational programs depending on the level and focus education.

The levels of general education are established (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and vocational education (secondary professional education, higher education - bachelor's degree, higher education - specialty, master's degree, higher education - training of highly qualified personnel). In addition, the issues of obtaining additional education and vocational training are regulated.

Federal law establishes the powers of federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies in the field of education, determines the procedure for licensing, state accreditation of educational activities, state control (supervision) in the field of education.

The Federal Law also contains norms regarding the definition of standards for financing educational activities carried out at the expense of the corresponding budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation.

In general, the Federal Law is a single comprehensive regulatory legal act that regulates public relations in the field of education, taking into account the types, levels, forms of education, as well as the needs and interests of students.

From the date of entry into force of the Federal Law, the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" are declared invalid.

Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"

Chapter 1. General Provisions

Article 1. Subject of regulation of this Federal Law

1. The subject of regulation of this Federal Law is the public relations arising in the field of education in connection with the realization of the right to education, the provision of state guarantees of human rights and freedoms in the field of education and the creation of conditions for the realization of the right to education (hereinafter referred to as relations in the field of education).

2. This Federal Law establishes the legal, organizational and economic foundations of education in the Russian Federation, the basic principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education, general rules the functioning of the education system and the implementation of educational activities, determines legal position participants in relations in the field of education.

Article 2. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law

For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts are applied:

1) education- a single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant benefit and is carried out in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, skills, skills, value attitudes, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for the purpose of intellectual, spiritual -moral, creative, physical and (or) professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests;

2) upbringing- activities aimed at personal development, creating conditions for self-determination and socialization of the student on the basis of socio-cultural, spiritual and moral values and the rules and norms of behavior adopted in society in the interests of a person, family, society and state;

3) education- a purposeful process of organizing students 'activities to master knowledge, skills, skills and competence, gain experience, develop abilities, gain experience in applying knowledge in everyday life and form students' motivation to receive education throughout their lives;

4) the level of education- completed cycle of education, characterized by a certain unified set of requirements;

5) qualification- the level of knowledge, abilities, skills and competence, characterizing the readiness to perform a certain type professional activity;

6) federal state educational standard- a set of mandatory requirements for education of a certain level and (or) for a profession, specialty and direction of training, approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;

7) educational standard- a set of mandatory requirements for higher education in specialties and areas of training, approved by educational institutions of higher education, determined by this Federal Law or by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation;

8) federal state requirements- mandatory requirements for the minimum content, structure of additional pre-professional programs, the conditions for their implementation and the duration of training for these programs, approved in accordance with this Federal Law by authorized federal executive bodies;

9) educational program- a set of basic characteristics of education (volume, content, planned results), organizational and pedagogical conditions and, in the cases provided for by this Federal Law, forms of certification, which is presented in the form of a curriculum, a curriculum schedule, work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines ( modules), other components, as well as assessment and teaching materials;

10) approximate basic educational program- educational and methodological documentation (approximate curriculum, approximate calendar curriculum, approximate work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components), which determines the recommended volume and content of education of a certain level and (or) a certain focus, planned results of development educational program, approximate conditions for educational activities, including approximate calculations of standard costs for the provision of public services for the implementation of the educational program;

11) general education- a type of education that is aimed at personal development and acquisition in the process of mastering basic general education programs knowledge, abilities, skills and the formation of competence necessary for a person's life in society, an informed choice of a profession and obtaining a professional education;

12) professional education- type of education, which is aimed at acquiring by students in the process of mastering basic professional educational programs of knowledge, skills, skills and the formation of competence of a certain level and volume, allowing them to conduct professional activities in a certain area and (or) perform work in a specific profession or specialty;

13) professional education - type of education, which is aimed at the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and skills by students and the formation of competence necessary for the performance of certain labor, official functions (certain types of labor, official activities, professions);

14)additional education- a type of education that is aimed at the comprehensive satisfaction of a person's educational needs in intellectual, spiritual, moral, physical and (or) professional improvement and is not accompanied by an increase in the level of education;

15) learner- an individual mastering an educational program;

16) disabled student- an individual with disabilities in an individual and (or) psychological development confirmed by the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission and hindering the acquisition of education without creating special conditions;

17) educational activities- activities for the implementation of educational programs;

18)educational organization- a non-profit organization that carries out educational activities on the basis of a license as the main type of activity in accordance with the goals for the achievement of which such an organization was created;

19) organization providing training,- a legal entity that, on the basis of a license, along with its main activity, educational activity as an additional type of activity;

20) organizations engaged in educational activities,- educational organizations, as well as organizations providing training. For the purposes of this Federal Law, individual entrepreneurs carrying out educational activities are equated to organizations carrying out educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law;

21) teacher- an individual who is in labor, service relations with an organization that carries out educational activities, and performs the duties of teaching, educating students and (or) organizing educational activities;

22) syllabus- a document that defines the list, labor intensity, sequence and distribution by periods of study of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practice, other types of educational activities and, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law, forms of intermediate certification of students;

23) individual curriculum- a curriculum that ensures the development of an educational program based on the individualization of its content, taking into account the characteristics and educational needs of a particular student;

24) practice- the type of educational activity aimed at the formation, consolidation, development of practical skills and competence in the process of performing certain types of work related to future professional activities;

25) focus (profile) of education- the orientation of the educational program to specific areas of knowledge and (or) types of activity, which determines its subject-thematic content, the prevailing types of educational activities of the student and the requirements for the results of mastering the educational program;

26) means of teaching and education- devices, equipment, including sports equipment and inventory, instruments (including musical ones), teaching aids, computers, information and telecommunication networks, hardware, software and audiovisual means, printed and electronic educational and information resources and other material objects, necessary for the organization of educational activities;

27) inclusive education- ensuring equal access to education for all students, taking into account the diversity of special educational needs and individual opportunities;

28) adapted educational program- an educational program adapted for teaching people with disabilities, taking into account the characteristics of their psychophysical development, individual capabilities and, if necessary, providing correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation of these persons;

29) the quality of education- a comprehensive characteristic of educational activities and training of a student, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements and (or) the needs of an individual or legal entity in whose interests educational activities are carried out, including the degree of achievement of the planned results of the educational program ;

30) educational relations- a set of public relations for the realization of the right of citizens to education, the purpose of which is to master the content of educational programs (educational relations) by students, and social relations that are related to educational relations and the purpose of which is to create conditions for the realization of the rights of citizens to education;

31) participants in educational relations- students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students, teaching staff and their representatives, organizations carrying out educational activities;

32) participants in relations in the field of education- participants in educational relations and federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, employers and their associations;

33) conflict of interest of a teacher- a situation in which a pedagogical worker, while carrying out his professional activities, has a personal interest in obtaining material benefits or other advantages and which affects or may affect the proper performance of professional duties by a pedagogical worker due to a contradiction between his personal interest and the interests of the student, parents (legal representatives ) minor students;

34) babysitting and caring for children- a set of measures for organizing meals and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine.

Article 3. Basic principles of state policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education

1. State policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education are based on the following principles:

1) recognition of the priority of education;

2) ensuring the right of every person to education, inadmissibility of discrimination in the field of education;

3) the humanistic nature of education, the priority of human life and health, the rights and freedoms of the individual, the free development of the individual, the upbringing of mutual respect, industriousness, citizenship, patriotism, responsibility, legal culture, respect for nature and environment, rational nature management;

4) the unity of the educational space on the territory of the Russian Federation, the protection and development of ethnocultural characteristics and traditions of the peoples of the Russian Federation in a multinational state;

5) creation of favorable conditions for the integration of the education system of the Russian Federation with the education systems of other states on an equal and mutually beneficial basis;

6) the secular nature of education in state, municipal organizations carrying out educational activities;

7) the freedom to choose education according to the inclinations and needs of a person, creating conditions for the self-realization of each person, the free development of his abilities, including the granting of the right to choose the forms of obtaining education, forms of education, the organization carrying out educational activities, the direction of education within the limits provided by the education system, as well as providing pedagogical workers with freedom in choosing forms of training, methods of teaching and upbringing;

8) ensuring the right to education throughout life in accordance with the needs of the individual, the adaptability of the education system to the level of training, developmental characteristics, abilities and interests of a person;

9) the autonomy of educational organizations, academic rights and freedoms of teachers and students provided for by this Federal Law, information transparency and public reporting of educational organizations;

10) the democratic nature of education management, ensuring the rights of teachers, students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students to participate in the management of educational organizations;

11) inadmissibility of restriction or elimination of competition in the field of education;

12) a combination of state and contractual regulation of relations in the field of education.

2. The Government of the Russian Federation annually, within the framework of ensuring the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of education, submits to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation a report on the implementation of state policy in the field of education and publishes it on the official website of the Government of the Russian Federation in the information and telecommunication network "Internet" (hereinafter - the network "Internet").

Article 4. Legal regulation of relations in the field of education

1. Relations in the field of education are governed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, this Federal Law, as well as other federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, containing norms regulating relations in the field of education (hereinafter - legislation on education).

2. The objectives of the legal regulation of relations in the field of education are the establishment of state guarantees, mechanisms for the implementation of human rights and freedoms in the field of education, the creation of conditions for the development of the education system, the protection of the rights and interests of participants in relations in the field of education.

3. The main tasks of legal regulation of relations in the field of education are:

1) ensuring and protecting the constitutional right of citizens of the Russian Federation to education;

2) creation of legal, economic and financial conditions for the free functioning and development of the education system of the Russian Federation;

3) the creation of legal guarantees to harmonize the interests of the participants in relations in the field of education;

4) determination of the legal status of participants in relations in the field of education;

5) creation of conditions for education in the Russian Federation foreign citizens and stateless persons;

6) delineation of powers in the field of education between federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies.

4. The norms governing relations in the field of education and contained in other federal laws and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other normative legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, legal acts of local self-government bodies must comply with this Federal Law and cannot restrict the rights or to reduce the level of provision of guarantees in comparison with the guarantees established by this Federal Law.

5. In case of inconsistency of the norms governing relations in the field of education and contained in other federal laws and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other normative legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, legal acts of local self-government bodies, the norms of this Federal Law, the norms of this Federal Law shall apply. of the law, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

6. In the event that an international treaty of the Russian Federation establishes rules other than those provided for by this Federal Law, the rules of the international treaty shall apply.

7. The legislation on education applies to all organizations carrying out educational activities on the territory of the Russian Federation.

8. Legislation on education in relation to the Moscow state university named after MV Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University, as well as organizations located on the territory of the Skolkovo innovation center and carrying out educational activities, is applied taking into account the specifics established by special federal laws.

9. For citizens undergoing federal civil service in the positions of pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical workers, as well as for citizens undergoing federal public service and who are students, the legislation on education applies with the features provided for by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation on public service.

Article 5. Right to education. State guarantees for the implementation of the right to education in the Russian Federation

1. The right of every person to education is guaranteed in the Russian Federation.

2. The right to education in the Russian Federation is guaranteed regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property, social and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership of public associations, and other circumstances.

3. In the Russian Federation, accessibility and free of charge are guaranteed in accordance with federal state educational standards of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education, secondary vocational education, as well as on a competitive basis free higher education if a citizen receives education of this level for the first time.

4. In the Russian Federation, the realization of the right of every person to education is ensured by the creation by federal state bodies, public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies of the appropriate socio-economic conditions for obtaining it, expanding opportunities to meet the needs of a person in obtaining education of various levels and directions in throughout life.

5. In order to realize the right of every person to education, federal state bodies, state power bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies:

1) the necessary conditions are created for obtaining without discrimination quality education persons with disabilities, for the correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation, the provision of early correctional assistance based on special pedagogical approaches and the languages most suitable for these persons, methods and ways of communication and conditions, in maximum degree contributing to the acquisition of education of a certain level and a certain orientation, as well as social development these persons, including through the organization of inclusive education for persons with disabilities;

2) assistance is provided to persons who have shown outstanding abilities and to whom, in accordance with this Federal Law, students who have shown high level intellectual development and creative abilities in a certain area of educational and research activities, in scientific, technical and artistic creativity, in physical culture and sports;

3) fully or partially financial support is provided for the maintenance of persons in need of social support in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, during the period of their education.

Article 6. Powers of federal bodies of state power in the field of education

1. The powers of federal government bodies in the field of education include:

1) development and implementation of a unified state policy in the field of education;

2) the organization of the provision of higher education, including the provision of state guarantees for the implementation of the right to receive higher education on a competitive basis free of charge;

3) organization of the provision of additional professional education in federal state educational organizations;

4) development, approval and implementation government programs Russian Federation, federal target programs, implementation of international programs in the field of education;

5) creation, reorganization, liquidation of federal state educational organizations, implementation of the functions and powers of the founder of federal state educational organizations;

6) approval of federal state educational standards, establishment of federal state requirements;

7) licensing of educational activities:

a) organizations carrying out educational activities in educational programs of higher education;

b) federal state professional educational organizations that implement educational programs of secondary vocational education in the areas of defense, production of products for defense orders, internal affairs, security, nuclear energy, transport and communications, science-intensive production in specialties, the list of which is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;

c) Russian educational organizations located outside the territory of the Russian Federation, educational organizations created in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation, as well as diplomatic missions and consular institutions of the Russian Federation carrying out educational activities, representative offices of the Russian Federation at international (interstate, intergovernmental) organizations;

d) foreign educational organizations carrying out educational activities at the location of the branch on the territory of the Russian Federation;

8) state accreditation of educational activities of organizations carrying out educational activities and specified in paragraph 7 of this part, as well as foreign educational organizations carrying out educational activities outside the territory of the Russian Federation;

9) state control (supervision) in the field of education over the activities of the organizations specified in clause 7 of this part, as well as the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising public administration in the field of education;

10) the formation and maintenance of federal information systems, federal databases in the field of education, including ensuring the confidentiality of the personal data contained in them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

11) establishment and assignment of state awards, honorary titles, departmental awards and titles to employees of the education system;

12) development of training forecasts, training requirements based on the forecast of labor market needs;

13) ensuring the implementation of monitoring in the education system at the federal level;

14) exercise of other powers in the field of education established in accordance with this Federal Law.

2. Federal state bodies have the right to ensure in federal state educational organizations the organization of the provision of public and free general and secondary vocational education.

Article 7. Powers of the Russian Federation in the field of education delegated for exercise to state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

1. The powers of the Russian Federation in the field of education, transferred for implementation to the bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter also referred to as delegated powers), include the following powers:

1) state control (supervision) in the field of education over the activities of organizations carrying out educational activities in the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (with the exception of the organizations specified in clause 7 of part 1 of Article 6 of this Federal Law), as well as local self-government bodies exercising management in the field education in the relevant territory;

2) licensing of educational activities of organizations carrying out educational activities on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (with the exception of the organizations specified in clause 7 of part 1 of article 6 of this Federal Law);

3) state accreditation of educational activities of organizations carrying out educational activities on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (with the exception of the organizations specified in clause 7 of part 1 of article 6 of this Federal Law);

4) confirmation of documents on education and (or) qualifications.

2. Financial support for the implementation of the delegated powers, with the exception of the powers specified in part 10 of this article, shall be carried out at the expense of subventions from federal budget, as well as within the budgetary allocations provided for in the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation for the indicated purposes not less than in the amount of the planned revenues to the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation from the payment of the state duty associated with the implementation of the delegated powers and credited to the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Budget the Code of the Russian Federation.

3. The total amount of subventions from the federal budget to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the exercise of the delegated powers is determined on the basis of the methodology approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, proceeding from:

1) the number of municipal districts and urban districts on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, intracity municipalities of federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg;

2) the number of organizations carrying out educational activities and their branches, in respect of which the powers of state control (supervision) in the field of education, licensing of educational activities and state accreditation of educational activities have been transferred to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

4. Funds for the implementation of the delegated powers are targeted and cannot be used for other purposes.

5. In the event that the funds provided for the implementation of the transferred powers are not used for their intended purpose, the federal executive body exercising control and supervision functions in the financial and budgetary sphere shall collect these funds in the manner prescribed by the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation.

6. The federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education:

1) adopts normative legal acts on the implementation of the delegated powers, including administrative regulations for the provision of public services and the performance of state functions in the sphere of the transferred powers, and also has the right to set target forecast indicators for the implementation of the transferred powers;

2) coordinates the appointment of the heads of the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising the delegated powers;

3) on the proposal of the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of education, submits to the Government of the Russian Federation proposals for the withdrawal of the powers of the Russian Federation in the field of education, transferred to the bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, from the bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Federation;

4) based on the results of the annual report on the implementation of the delegated powers by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, prepares proposals for improving the legislation on education.

7. Federal executive authority exercising control and supervision functions in the field of education:

1) exercise control over the regulatory legal regulation carried out by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the issues of delegated powers, with the right to send binding orders on the abolition of regulatory legal acts or on amending them;

2) exercise control and supervision over the completeness and quality of the exercise by the bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the delegated powers with the right issuance of mandatory orders to eliminate detected violations, sending proposals for the removal from office of officials of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising the delegated powers for failure to perform or improper performance of these powers;

3) coordinates the structure of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising the delegated powers;

5) establishes requirements for the content and forms of reporting, as well as the procedure for submitting reports on the implementation of the delegated powers;

6) analyzes the reasons for the violations identified in the exercise of the delegated powers, takes measures to eliminate the identified violations;

7) submits an annual report on the implementation of the delegated powers by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

8. The highest official of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (head of the supreme executive body of state power of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation):

1) appoints to the office the heads of the executive bodies of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising the delegated powers, in agreement with the federal executive body in charge of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;

2) approves, in agreement with the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of education, the structure of the executive bodies of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising the delegated powers;

3) organizes activities for the implementation of the delegated powers in accordance with the legislation on education;

4) ensures the submission to the federal executive body performing the functions of control and supervision in the field of education:

a) a quarterly report on the expenditure of the provided subventions, on the achievement of target forecast indicators;

b) the required number of copies of regulatory legal acts adopted by the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation on the issues of delegated powers;

c) information (including databases) required for the formation and maintenance of federal databases on control and supervision in the field of education;

5) has the right, prior to the adoption of the regulatory legal acts specified in clause 1 of part 6 of this article, to approve administrative regulations for the provision of public services and the performance of public functions in the sphere of delegated powers, if these regulations do not contradict the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation (including additional requirements and restrictions not provided for by such acts in terms of the exercise of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the rights and legitimate interests of organizations) and are developed taking into account the requirements for the regulations for the provision of state services by federal executive bodies and the performance of state functions.

9. Control over the spending of funds for the implementation of the delegated powers is carried out within the established competence by the federal executive body exercising control and supervision functions in the financial and budgetary sphere, the federal executive body exercising control and supervision functions in the field of education, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.

10. Financial support for the exercise of the delegated powers to confirm education documents and (or) qualifications is carried out within the budgetary allocations provided for in the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation for the indicated purposes not less than in the amount of the planned revenues to the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation from the payment of the state duty, associated with the implementation of the delegated powers and credited to the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Budget Code of the Russian Federation.

Article 8. Powers of state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of education

1. The powers of the bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of education include:

1) development and implementation of regional programs for the development of education, taking into account regional socio-economic, environmental, demographic, ethnocultural and other characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

2) the creation, reorganization, liquidation of educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the implementation of the functions and powers of the founders of educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

3) provision of state guarantees for the implementation of the rights to receive public and free preschool education in municipal preschool educational organizations, public and free preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education in municipal educational organizations, provision of additional education for children in municipal educational organizations through the provision of subventions local budgets, including labor costs, purchase of textbooks and teaching aids, teaching aids, games, toys (except for the costs of maintaining buildings and paying for utilities), in accordance with the standards determined by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

4) organization of the provision of general education in state educational institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

5) creation of conditions for the supervision and care of children, the maintenance of children in state educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

6) financial support for obtaining preschool education in private preschool educational organizations, preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education in private general educational organizations carrying out educational activities in accordance with state accredited basic general education programs, by providing these educational organizations with subsidies for reimbursement of costs, including the cost of wages, the purchase of textbooks and teaching aids, teaching aids, games, toys (except for the costs of maintaining buildings and paying for utilities), in accordance with the standards specified in paragraph 3 of this part;

7) the organization of the provision of secondary vocational education, including the provision of state guarantees for the implementation of the right to receive public and free secondary vocational education;

8) organization of the provision of additional education for children in state educational institutions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

9) organization of the provision of additional professional education in state educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

10) the organization of providing municipal educational organizations and educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with textbooks in accordance with the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations carrying out educational activities, and teaching aids, approved for use in the implementation of these educational programs;

11) ensuring the implementation of monitoring in the education system at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

12) the organization of the provision of psychological, pedagogical, medical and social assistance students experiencing difficulties in mastering basic general educational programs, their development and social adaptation;

13) the exercise of other powers in the field of education established by this Federal Law.

2. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to additional financial support for catering activities for students in municipal educational organizations and students in private educational organizations for basic general educational programs that have state accreditation, as well as the provision of state support for additional education of children in municipal educational organizations.

3. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall have the right to ensure the organization of the provision on a competitive basis of higher education in educational institutions of higher education of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Article 9. Powers of local self-government bodies of municipal districts and urban districts in the field of education

1. The powers of local self-government bodies of municipal districts and urban districts to resolve issues of local importance in the field of education include:

1) the organization of the provision of public and free preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education for basic general education programs in municipal educational organizations (with the exception of powers to provide financial support for the implementation of basic general education programs in accordance with federal state educational standards);

2) the organization of the provision of additional education for children in municipal educational organizations (with the exception of additional education for children, the financial support of which is carried out by the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation);

3) creation of conditions for the supervision and care of children, the maintenance of children in municipal educational organizations;

4) the creation, reorganization, liquidation of municipal educational organizations (with the exception of the creation of municipal educational institutions of higher education by local self-government bodies of municipal districts), the implementation of the functions and powers of the founders of municipal educational organizations;

5) ensuring the maintenance of buildings and structures of municipal educational organizations, arrangement of the adjacent territories;

6) registration of children to be trained in educational programs of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education, assignment of municipal educational organizations to specific territories of the municipal district, urban district;

7) the exercise of other powers in the field of education established by this Federal Law.

2. In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - the cities of federal significance Moscow and St. Petersburg, the powers of local self-government bodies of intracity municipalities in the field of education, including the assignment of educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to specific territories, are established by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - cities of federal significance Moscow and St. Petersburg.

3. Bodies of local self-government of municipal districts have the right to exercise the functions of founders of municipal educational institutions of higher education, which are under their jurisdiction as of December 31, 2008.

4. Bodies of local self-government of urban districts have the right to ensure the organization of the provision of higher education on a competitive basis in municipal educational institutions of higher education.

Chapter 2. Education system

Article 10. Structure of the education system

1. The education system includes:

1) federal state educational standards and federal state requirements, educational standards, educational programs of various types, levels and (or) focus;

2) organizations carrying out educational activities, teaching staff, students and parents (legal representatives) of minor students;

3) federal state bodies and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising state administration in the field of education, and local self-government bodies exercising control in the field of education, consultative, advisory and other bodies created by them;

4) organizations providing educational activities, assessing the quality of education;

5) associations of legal entities, employers and their associations, public associations carrying out activities in the field of education.

2. Education is subdivided into general education, vocational education, additional education and vocational training, which ensure the possibility of realizing the right to education throughout life (lifelong education).

3. General education and vocational education are implemented according to the levels of education.

4. The following levels of general education are established in the Russian Federation:

1) preschool education;

2) primary general education;

3) basic general education;

4) secondary general education.

5. The following levels of professional education are established in the Russian Federation:

1) secondary vocational education;

2) higher education - bachelor's degree;

3) higher education - specialty, master's degree;

4) higher education - training of highly qualified personnel.

6. Additional education includes such subtypes as additional education for children and adults and additional professional education.

7. The education system creates conditions for lifelong education through the implementation of basic educational programs and various additional educational programs, providing the opportunity for the simultaneous development of several educational programs, as well as taking into account the existing education, qualifications, practical experience in obtaining education.

Article 11. Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements. Educational standards

1. Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements provide:

1) the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;

2) continuity of basic educational programs;

3) the variability of the content of educational programs of the corresponding level of education, the possibility of forming educational programs of various levels of complexity and focus, taking into account the educational needs and abilities of students;

4) state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs and the results of their development.

2. Federal state educational standards, with the exception of the federal state educational standard for preschool education, educational standards are the basis for an objective assessment of compliance with the established requirements of educational activities and training of students who have mastered educational programs of the appropriate level and appropriate focus, regardless of the form of education and the form of training.

3. Federal state educational standards include requirements for:

1) the structure of the main educational programs (including the ratio of the compulsory part of the main educational program and the part formed by the participants in educational relations) and their volume;

2) the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, material and technical and other conditions;

3) the results of mastering basic educational programs.

4. Federal state educational standards establish the terms for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account various forms of education, educational technologies and the characteristics of certain categories of students.

5. Federal state educational standards for general education are developed by levels of education, federal state educational standards for vocational education can also be developed for professions, specialties and areas of training for the corresponding levels of vocational education.

6. In order to ensure the realization of the right to education of students with disabilities, federal state educational standards for the education of these persons are established or special requirements are included in federal state educational standards.

7. When forming federal state educational standards for vocational education, the provisions of the relevant professional standards are taken into account.

8. Lists of professions, specialties and areas of training with an indication of the qualifications assigned for the relevant professions, specialties and areas of training, the procedure for the formation of these lists is approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. When approving new lists of professions, specialties and areas of training by the federal executive body in charge of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, the correspondence of certain professions, specialties and areas of training indicated in these lists to professions, specialties and areas of training may be established. specified in the previous lists of professions, specialties and areas of training.

9. The procedure for the development, approval of federal state educational standards and amendments to them are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

10. Lomonosov Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, educational institutions of higher education in respect of which the category "federal university" or "national research university" is established, as well as federal state educational organizations of higher education, the list of which approved by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, has the right to develop and approve independently educational standards for all levels of higher education. The requirements for the conditions of implementation and the results of mastering educational programs of higher education included in such educational standards cannot be lower than the corresponding requirements of federal state educational standards.

Article 12. Educational programs

1. Educational programs determine the content of education. The content of education should promote mutual understanding and cooperation between people, nations regardless of racial, national, ethnic, religious and social affiliation, take into account the diversity of worldview approaches, promote the realization of the right of students to free choice of opinions and beliefs, ensure the development of the abilities of each person, the formation and development of his personality in accordance with the spiritual, moral and sociocultural values adopted in the family and society. The content of vocational education and vocational training must ensure the acquisition of qualifications.

2. In the Russian Federation, basic educational programs are being implemented in terms of levels of general and vocational education, in vocational training, and additional educational programs in additional education.

3. The main educational programs include:

1) basic general education programs - educational programs of preschool education, educational programs of primary general education, educational programs of basic general education, educational programs of secondary general education;

2) basic professional educational programs:

a) educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, training programs for mid-level specialists;

b) educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialist programs, master's programs, programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school (postgraduate studies), residency programs, assistant-internship programs;

3) basic vocational training programs - programs vocational training by professions of workers, positions of employees, retraining programs for workers, employees, programs for advanced training of workers, employees.

4. Additional educational programs include:

1) additional general education programs - additional general developmental programs, additional pre-professional programs;

2) additional professional programs - advanced training programs, professional retraining programs.

5. Educational programs are independently developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

6. Educational programs for preschool education are developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities, in accordance with the federal state educational standard for preschool education and taking into account the relevant exemplary educational programs for preschool education.

7. Organizations that carry out educational activities in accordance with state accredited educational programs (with the exception of educational programs of higher education, implemented on the basis of educational standards approved by educational institutions of higher education independently), develop educational programs in accordance with federal state educational standards and taking into account the corresponding approximate basic educational programs.

8. Educational organizations of higher education, which, in accordance with this Federal Law, have the right to independently develop and approve educational standards, develop appropriate educational programs of higher education based on such educational standards.

9. Approximate basic educational programs are developed taking into account their level and focus on the basis of federal state educational standards, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.

10. Approximate basic educational programs are included, based on the results of the examination, in the register of approximate basic educational programs, which is a state information system. The information contained in the register of exemplary basic education programs is publicly available.

11. The procedure for the development of exemplary basic educational programs, their examination and maintenance of the register of exemplary basic educational programs, especially the development, examination and inclusion in such a register of exemplary basic professional educational programs containing information constituting a state secret, and exemplary basic professional educational programs in the field of information security, as well as organizations that are granted the right to maintain a register of exemplary basic educational programs, are established by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

12. The authorized bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are involved in the examination of approximate basic general educational programs, taking into account their level and focus (in terms of taking into account regional, national and ethnocultural characteristics).

13. The development of model programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in adjuncture is provided by federal executive authorities, in which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for military or other service equivalent to it, service in the internal affairs bodies, service in the bodies for control over the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances , exemplary internship programs - the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of culture, exemplary residency programs - the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare ...

14. The authorized federal state bodies, in the cases established by this Federal Law, develop and approve exemplary additional professional programs or standard additional professional programs, in accordance with which organizations carrying out educational activities develop appropriate additional professional programs.

15. In the cases established by this Federal Law and other federal laws, the authorized federal state bodies develop and approve model vocational training programs or standard vocational training programs, in accordance with which organizations carrying out educational activities develop appropriate vocational training programs.

Article 13. General requirements to the implementation of educational programs

1. Educational programs are implemented by an organization carrying out educational activities, both independently and through network forms of their implementation.

2. When implementing educational programs, various educational technologies are used, including distance educational technologies, e-learning.

3. When implementing educational programs by an organization carrying out educational activities, a form of organizing educational activities based on the modular principle of presenting the content of an educational program and building curricula, using appropriate educational technologies can be used.

4. To determine the structure of professional educational programs and the complexity of their development, a credit system can be used. A credit unit is a unified unit for measuring the labor intensity of a student's study load, which includes all types of his educational activities provided for by the curriculum (including classroom and independent work), practice.

5. The number of credits for the basic professional educational program for a specific profession, specialty or field of study is established by the corresponding federal state educational standard, educational standard. The number of credits for the additional professional program is established by the organization carrying out educational activities.

6. The main professional educational programs provide for the practice of students.

7. The organization of the practice, provided by the educational program, is carried out by organizations carrying out educational activities, on the basis of agreements with organizations carrying out activities on the educational program of the corresponding profile. The practice can be carried out directly in the organization carrying out educational activities.

8. Provisions on the practice of students mastering basic vocational educational programs, and its types are approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

9. The use in the implementation of educational programs of methods and means of teaching and upbringing, educational technologies that harm the physical or mental health of students is prohibited.

10. Federal state bodies, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising state administration in the field of education, local self-government bodies exercising control in the field of education shall not have the right to change the curriculum and the calendar of the educational schedule of organizations carrying out educational activities.

11. The procedure for organizing and carrying out educational activities in accordance with relevant educational programs of various levels and (or) orientation or in the corresponding type of education shall be established by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, unless otherwise provided by this Federal law.

Article 14. Language of education

1. In the Russian Federation, education is guaranteed in the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as the choice of the language of instruction and upbringing within the limits of the possibilities provided by the education system.

2. In educational institutions, educational activities are carried out in the state language of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise provided by this article. Teaching and learning state language Of the Russian Federation, within the framework of educational programs with state accreditation, are carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards, educational standards.

3. In state and municipal educational organizations located on the territory of the Republic of the Russian Federation, teaching and learning of the state languages of the republics of the Russian Federation may be introduced in accordance with the legislation of the republics of the Russian Federation. Teaching and studying the state languages of the republics of the Russian Federation within the framework of educational programs with state accreditation are carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards, educational standards. Teaching and studying the state languages of the republics of the Russian Federation should not be carried out to the detriment of teaching and learning the state language of the Russian Federation.

4. Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to receive preschool, primary general and basic general education at native language from the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation, as well as the right to study the native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation within the possibilities provided by the education system, in the manner established by the legislation on education. The implementation of these rights is ensured by the creation of the required number of relevant educational organizations, classes, groups, as well as conditions for their functioning. Teaching and learning the native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation within the framework of educational programs with state accreditation are carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards, educational standards.

5. Education can be obtained at foreign language in accordance with the educational program and in the manner prescribed by the legislation on education and local regulations of the organization carrying out educational activities.

6. The language and languages of education are determined by local regulations of the organization that carries out educational activities on the educational programs it implements, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 15. Network form of implementation of educational programs

1. The network form of the implementation of educational programs (hereinafter referred to as the network form) provides an opportunity for students to master the educational program using the resources of several organizations carrying out educational activities, including foreign ones, as well as, if necessary, using the resources of other organizations. In the implementation of educational programs using the network form, along with organizations carrying out educational activities, they can also participate scientific organizations, medical organizations, cultural organizations, physical culture and sports and other organizations that have the resources necessary to carry out training, conduct educational and industrial practice and carry out other types of educational activities provided for by the relevant educational program.

2. The use of the network form for the implementation of educational programs is carried out on the basis of an agreement between the organizations specified in part 1 of this article. To organize the implementation of educational programs using the network form by several organizations carrying out educational activities, such organizations also jointly develop and approve educational programs.

3. The agreement on the network form of implementation of educational programs shall indicate:

1) the type, level and (or) focus of the educational program (part of the educational program of a certain level, type and focus), implemented using the network form;

2) the status of students in the organizations specified in part 1 of this article, the rules for admission to training in an educational program implemented using the network form, the procedure for organizing academic mobility of students (for students in basic vocational educational programs) mastering an educational program implemented using network form;

3) the conditions and procedure for the implementation of educational activities on the educational program implemented through the network form, including the distribution of responsibilities between the organizations specified in part 1 of this article, the procedure for the implementation of the educational program, the nature and amount of resources used by each organization that implements educational programs through network form;

4) issued document or documents on education and (or) on qualifications, document or documents on training, as well as organizations carrying out educational activities that issue these documents;

5) the term of the agreement, the procedure for its amendment and termination.

Article 16. Implementation of educational programs using e-learning and distance learning technologies

1. E-learning is understood as the organization of educational activities using information contained in databases and used in the implementation of educational programs and information technologies, technical means, teaching staff. Distance learning technologies are understood as educational technologies implemented mainly with the use of information and telecommunication networks with indirect (at a distance) interaction between students and teachers.

2. Organizations engaged in educational activities have the right to use e-learning, distance learning technologies in the implementation of educational programs in the manner prescribed by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

3. When implementing educational programs using exclusively e-learning, distance learning technologies in an organization carrying out educational activities, conditions must be created for the functioning of an electronic information and educational environment, including electronic information resources, electronic educational resources, a set of information technologies, telecommunications technologies, appropriate technological means and ensuring the development of educational programs by students in full, regardless of the location of the students. The list of professions, specialties and areas of training, the implementation of educational programs for which is not allowed using exclusively e-learning, distance educational technologies, is approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

4. When implementing educational programs using e-learning, distance learning technologies, the place of educational activities is the location of the organization carrying out educational activities, or its branch, regardless of the location of the students.

5. When implementing educational programs using e-learning, distance learning technologies, the organization carrying out educational activities ensures the protection of information constituting state or other secrets protected by law.

Article 17. Forms of obtaining education and forms of training

1. In the Russian Federation, education can be obtained:

1) in organizations carrying out educational activities;

2) outside organizations carrying out educational activities (in the form of family education and self-education).

2. Education in organizations that carry out educational activities, taking into account the needs, capabilities of the individual and depending on the volume of compulsory classes of a teacher with students, is carried out in full-time, part-time or part-time form.

3. Education in the form of family education and self-education is carried out with the right to further pass, in accordance with Part 3 of Article 34 of this Federal Law, intermediate and state final certification in organizations carrying out educational activities.

4. A combination of various forms of education and training is allowed.

5. Forms of obtaining education and forms of training in the basic educational program for each level of education, profession, specialty and direction of training are determined by the relevant federal state educational standards, educational standards, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law. Forms of training for additional educational programs and basic vocational training programs are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities independently, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 18. Printed and electronic educational and information resources

1. In organizations carrying out educational activities, in order to ensure the implementation of educational programs, libraries are formed, including digital (electronic) libraries, providing access to professional databases, information reference and search engines, as well as other information resources. The library fund must be equipped with printed and (or) electronic educational publications (including textbooks and teaching aids), methodological and periodicals for all subjects, courses, disciplines (modules) included in the main educational programs being implemented.

2. The norms for the provision of educational activities with educational publications per student in the basic educational program are established by the corresponding federal state educational standards.

3. Educational publications used in the implementation of educational programs for preschool education are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities, taking into account the requirements of federal state educational standards, as well as exemplary educational programs for preschool education and exemplary educational programs for primary general education.

4. Organizations carrying out educational activities on state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education, for use in the implementation of these educational programs, choose:

1) textbooks from among those included in the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education;

2) textbooks issued by organizations included in the list of organizations that issue textbooks that are allowed to be used in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education.

5. The federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations engaged in educational activities includes lists of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of the compulsory part of the basic educational program and part, formed by the participants in educational relations, including textbooks that take into account the regional and ethnocultural characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the realization of the rights of citizens to receive education in their native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the study of their native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the literature of the peoples of Russia on native language.

6. Textbooks are included in the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education, based on the results of the examination. In carrying out this examination of textbooks in order to ensure that regional and ethnocultural characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are taken into account, the rights of citizens to receive education in their native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the study of their native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the literature of the peoples of Russia in their native language are involved authorized bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

7. The procedure for the formation of a federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education, including the criteria and procedure for the examination, the form of the expert opinion, as well as the grounds and procedure for excluding textbooks from the specified of the federal list are approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

8. The procedure for selecting organizations that issue textbooks that are allowed to be used in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education, the list of such organizations is approved by the federal executive body in charge of developing state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of education. The authorized bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation participate in the selection of organizations that produce textbooks on the native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the literature of the peoples of Russia in their native language.

9. When implementing professional educational programs, educational publications are used, including electronic ones, determined by the organization carrying out educational activities.

Article 19. Scientific, methodological and resource support of the education system

1. In the education system, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, scientific research organizations and design organizations, design bureaus, educational and experimental farms, experimental stations, as well as organizations carrying out scientific and methodological, methodological, resource and information technology support of educational activities and management of the education system, assessment of the quality of education.

2. With a view to the participation of pedagogical, scientific workers, representatives of employers in the development of federal state educational standards, model educational programs, coordination of actions of organizations carrying out educational activities, in ensuring the quality and development of educational content in the education system, educational and methodological associations may be created.

3. Educational and methodological associations in the education system are created by federal executive bodies and executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising state administration in the field of education, and carry out their activities in accordance with the provisions approved by these bodies. Model regulations on educational and methodological associations in the education system are approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

4. Educational and methodological associations on a voluntary basis include teaching staff, researchers and other employees of organizations carrying out educational activities and other organizations operating in the education system, including representatives of employers.

Article 20. Experimental and innovative activities in the field of education

1. Experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are carried out in order to ensure the modernization and development of the education system, taking into account the main directions of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, the implementation of the priority directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education.

2. Experimental activities are aimed at the development, testing and implementation of new educational technologies, educational resources and are carried out in the form of experiments, the procedure and conditions for which are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

3. Innovative activity is focused on improving the scientific and pedagogical, educational, methodological, organizational, legal, financial and economic, personnel, material and technical support of the education system and is carried out in the form of implementation of innovative projects and programs by organizations carrying out educational activities and other in the field of education by organizations, as well as their associations. When implementing an innovative project, programs must ensure the observance of the rights and legitimate interests of participants in educational relations, the provision and receipt of education, the level and quality of which cannot be lower than the requirements established by the federal state educational standard, federal state requirements, educational standard.

4. In order to create conditions for the implementation of innovative projects and programs that are essential for ensuring the development of the education system, the organizations specified in part 3 of this article and implementing these innovative projects and programs are recognized as federal or regional innovation platforms and constitute the innovation infrastructure in the system education. The procedure for the formation and functioning of innovation infrastructure in the education system (including the procedure for recognizing an organization as a federal innovation platform), a list of federal innovation platforms are established by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. The procedure for recognizing the organizations specified in part 3 of this article as regional innovation platforms is established by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

5. Federal state bodies and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising state administration in the field of education, within the framework of their powers, create conditions for the implementation of innovative educational projects, programs and implementation of their results into practice.

Chapter 3. Persons carrying out educational activities

Article 21. Educational activities

1. Educational activities are carried out by educational organizations and, in the cases established by this Federal Law, by organizations providing training, as well as individual entrepreneurs.

2. The rights, social guarantees, duties and responsibilities of educational organizations, students and teaching staff of such educational organizations.

Article 22. Creation, reorganization, liquidation of educational organizations

1. An educational organization is created in the form established by civil legislation for non-profit organizations.

2. Spiritual educational organizations are created in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation on freedom of conscience, freedom of religion and on religious associations.

3. The authorized federal executive body that carries out state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs (its territorial body), in the manner and within the time limits established by the legislation on state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, notifies the federal executive body exercising control functions and supervision in the field of education, or the executive body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising the delegated powers of the Russian Federation for licensing educational activities, on state registration of an educational organization.

4. An educational organization, depending on who created it, is state, municipal or private.

5. A state educational organization is an educational organization created by the Russian Federation or a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

6. A municipal educational organization is an educational organization created by a municipality (municipal district or city district).

7. A private educational organization is an educational organization established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation by an individual or individuals and (or) a legal entity, legal entities or their associations, with the exception of foreign religious organizations.

8. Educational organizations that implement educational programs of higher education in the field of defense and security of the state, ensuring the rule of law and law and order may be created only by the Russian Federation.

9. Educational organizations for students with deviant (socially dangerous) behavior who need special conditions education, training and requiring special pedagogical approach(special educational institutions of an open and closed type) (hereinafter referred to as educational institutions) are created by the Russian Federation or a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

10. An educational organization is reorganized or liquidated in accordance with the procedure established by civil legislation, taking into account the specifics stipulated by the legislation on education.

11. The adoption by a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local self-government body of a decision on the reorganization or liquidation of a state and (or) municipal educational organization is allowed on the basis of a positive opinion of the commission for assessing the consequences of such a decision.

12. Making a decision on the reorganization or liquidation of the municipal educational organization located in rural settlement, is not allowed without taking into account the opinion of the inhabitants of this rural settlement.

13. The procedure for assessing the consequences of a decision to reorganize or liquidate a federal state educational organization, including the criteria for this assessment (by types of federal state educational organizations), the procedure for creating a commission to assess the consequences of such a decision and preparing its conclusions are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

14. The procedure for assessing the consequences of making a decision on the reorganization or liquidation of an educational organization under the jurisdiction of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a municipal educational organization, including the criteria for this assessment (by types of data from educational organizations), the procedure for creating a commission to assess the consequences of such a decision and preparing its conclusions are established by the authorized body of state power of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

15. Creation, reorganization and liquidation of international (interstate) educational organizations are carried out in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation.

Article 23. Types of educational organizations

1. Educational organizations are divided into types in accordance with educational programs, the implementation of which is the main goal of their activities.

2. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations are established that implement basic educational programs:

1) preschool educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities on educational programs of preschool education, childcare and supervision;

2) general educational organization - an educational organization that carries out educational activities as the main goal of its activities in educational programs of primary general, basic general and (or) secondary general education;

3) professional educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities on educational programs of secondary vocational education;

4) educational organization of higher education - an educational organization that carries out educational activities on educational programs of higher education and scientific activities as the main goal of its activities.

3. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations are established that implement additional educational programs:

1) organization of additional education - an educational organization that carries out educational activities for additional general educational programs as the main goal of its activities;

2) organization of additional vocational education - an educational organization that carries out educational activities for additional professional programs as the main goal of its activities.

4. The educational organizations specified in parts 2 and 3 of this article have the right to carry out educational activities in the following educational programs, the implementation of which is not the main purpose of their activities:

1) preschool educational organizations - additional general developmental programs;

2) educational organizations - educational programs of preschool education, additional general educational programs, vocational training programs;

3) professional educational organizations - basic general education programs, vocational training programs, additional general education programs, additional professional programs;

4) educational institutions of higher education - basic general education programs, educational programs of secondary vocational education, vocational training programs, additional general education programs, additional professional programs;

5) organization of additional education - educational programs of preschool education, vocational training programs;

6) organization of additional vocational education - training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, additional general education programs, vocational training programs.

5. The name of the educational organization must contain an indication of its organizational and legal form and the type of educational organization.

6. In the name of an educational organization, names may be used that indicate the peculiarities of the educational activities carried out (the level and focus of educational programs, integration different types educational programs, the content of the educational program, special conditions their implementation and (or) special educational needs of students), as well as additionally performed functions related to the provision of education (maintenance, treatment, rehabilitation, correction, psychological and pedagogical support, boarding school, research, technological activities and other functions).

Article 24. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University. Categories of educational institutions of higher education

1. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University are the leading classical universities of the Russian Federation. Features of the legal status of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov and St. Petersburg State University are determined by a special federal law.

2. In the Russian Federation, the categories "federal university" and "national research university" may be established by the Government of the Russian Federation in relation to educational institutions of higher education. When establishing an educational organization of higher education of the category " federal university" or " national research university"the name of such an organization includes an indication of the established category.

3. In order to ensure the training of personnel for the integrated socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation on behalf of the Russian Federation may create an educational organization of higher education in the form of an autonomous institution, which establishes the category "federal university"... When creating a federal university, the Government of the Russian Federation takes into account the proposals of the legislative and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, prepared on the basis of programs for the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

4. Development of federal universities is carried out within the framework of programs developed federal universities approved by the Government of the Russian Federation and providing for the conditions for the implementation and criteria for assessing the effectiveness of educational activities, the integration of educational and research activities, the modernization and improvement of the material and technical base and socio-cultural infrastructure, integration into the global educational space.

5. The category "national research university" is established by the educational organization of higher education based on the results of a competitive selection of programs for the development of educational institutions of higher education, aimed at staffing priority areas of development of science, technology, technology, economic sectors, social sphere, on the development and implementation of high technologies. The procedure for the competitive selection of programs for the development of educational institutions of higher education (including the conditions for their financial support) is established by the Government of the Russian Federation. List of indicators, criteria and frequency of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of national development programs research universities are established by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

6. An educational organization of higher education, based on the results of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of development programs, may be deprived by the Government of the Russian Federation of the category "national research university".

Article 25. Charter of an educational organization

1. The educational organization acts on the basis of the charter approved in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. The charter of an educational organization must contain, along with the information provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the following information:

1) the type of educational organization;

2) the founder or founders of the educational organization;

3) types of educational programs being implemented, indicating the level of education and (or) focus;

4) the structure and competence of the governing bodies of the educational organization, the procedure for their formation and the terms of office.

3. The educational organization must create conditions for familiarization of all employees, students, parents (legal representatives) of underage students with its charter.

Article 26. Management of an educational organization

1. Management of an educational organization is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, taking into account the specifics established by this Federal Law.

2. Management of an educational organization is carried out on the basis of a combination of the principles of one-man management and collegiality.

3. The sole executive body of an educational organization is the head of the educational organization (rector, director, head, chief or other leader) who is in charge of the day-to-day management of the educational organization.

4. In the educational organization, collegial management bodies are formed, which include a general meeting (conference) of employees of an educational organization (in a professional educational organization and an educational organization of higher education - a general meeting (conference) of employees and students of an educational organization), pedagogical council(in an educational organization of higher education - an academic council), and also a board of trustees, a management council, a supervisory council and other collegial management bodies provided for by the charter of the corresponding educational organization can be formed.

5. The structure, formation procedure, term of office and competence of the governing bodies of the educational organization, the procedure for making decisions and speaking on behalf of the educational organization are established by the charter of the educational organization in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

6. In order to take into account the views of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students and teaching staff on the management of an educational organization and when the educational organization adopts local regulations affecting their rights and legitimate interests, at the initiative of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students and teaching staff in an educational organization:

1) student councils are created (in a professional educational organization and educational organization of higher education - student councils), councils of parents (legal representatives) of underage students or other bodies (hereinafter - student councils, parental councils);

2) there are trade unions of students and (or) employees of the educational organization (hereinafter - representative bodies of students, representative bodies of workers).

Article 27. The structure of the educational organization

1. Educational organizations are independent in the formation of their structure, unless otherwise established by federal laws.

2. An educational organization may have in its structure various structural divisions that ensure the implementation of educational activities, taking into account the level, type and focus of educational programs being implemented, the form of training and the mode of stay of students (branches, representative offices, departments, faculties, institutes, centers, departments, preparatory departments and courses, research, methodological and educational-methodical units, laboratories, design bureaus, educational and training-production workshops, clinics, training-experimental farms, training grounds, training bases of practice, training-demonstration centers, educational theaters, exhibition halls, educational circus arenas, educational dance and opera studios, educational concert halls, art and creative workshops, libraries, museums, sports clubs, student sports clubs, school sports clubs, dormitories, boarding schools, psychological and socio-pedagogical services, provide social adaptation and rehabilitation of students in need of it, and other structural units provided for by local regulations of the educational organization).

3. Professional educational organizations and educational organizations of higher education may create departments and other structural units that provide practical training students, on the basis of other organizations carrying out activities in the profile of the corresponding educational program, in the manner prescribed by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

4. Structural divisions of an educational organization, including branches and representative offices, are not legal entities and act on the basis of the charter of the educational organization and the regulations on the corresponding structural unit, approved in the manner prescribed by the charter of the educational organization. The implementation of educational activities in the representative office of the educational organization is prohibited.

5. A branch of an educational organization is created and liquidated in accordance with the procedure established by civil legislation, taking into account the specifics provided for by this Federal Law.

6. The decision to liquidate a branch of a state and (or) municipal preschool educational organization or a general educational organization by a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local self-government body is carried out in the manner prescribed by Parts 11 and 12 of Article 22 of this Federal Law.

7. Branches of federal state educational institutions of higher education are created and liquidated by the founder in agreement with the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

8. Creation of branches of state educational organizations under the jurisdiction of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, or municipal educational organizations on the territory of another constituent entity of the Russian Federation or territory municipality is carried out by agreement, respectively, with the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in charge of state management in the field of education and the local government body in charge of management in the field of education, at the location of the branch being created.

9. The representative office of the educational organization is opened and closed by the educational organization.

10. The creation or liquidation of a branch or representative office of an educational organization on the territory of a foreign state is carried out in accordance with the legislation of a foreign state at the location of the branch or representative office, unless otherwise provided by international treaties of the Russian Federation.

11. The financial and economic activity of an educational organization at the location of its branch or representative office located on the territory of a foreign state is carried out in accordance with the legislation of that foreign state.

12. In state and municipal educational organizations, the creation and activities of political parties, religious organizations (associations) are not allowed.

Article 28. Competence, rights, duties and responsibilities of an educational organization

1. An educational organization has autonomy, which means independence in the implementation of educational, scientific, administrative, financial and economic activities, the development and adoption of local regulations in accordance with this Federal Law, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the charter of an educational organization.

2. Educational organizations are free to determine the content of education, the choice of educational and methodological support, educational technologies for the educational programs they implement.

3. The competence of the educational organization in the established field of activity includes:

1) development and adoption of internal regulations for students, internal labor regulations, and other local regulations;

2) material and technical support of educational activities, equipment of premises in accordance with state and local norms and requirements, including in accordance with federal state educational standards, federal state requirements, educational standards;

3) providing the founder and the public with an annual report on the receipt and expenditure of financial and material resources, as well as a report on the results of self-examination;

4) establishment of the staffing table, unless otherwise established by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation;

5) hiring employees, concluding with them and terminating employment contracts, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law, the distribution of job duties, the creation of conditions and the organization of additional professional education for employees;

6) development and approval of educational programs of an educational organization;

7) development and approval by agreement with the founder of the development program of the educational organization, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law;

8) admission of students to an educational organization;

9) determination of the list of textbooks in accordance with the approved federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations carrying out educational activities, as well as teaching aids approved for use in the implementation of these educational programs by such organizations;

10) monitoring the progress and intermediate certification of students, establishing their forms, frequency and procedure;

11) individual accounting of the results of mastering educational programs by students, as well as storing information in archives about these results on paper and (or) electronic media;

12) use and improvement of teaching and education methods, educational technologies, e-learning;

13) conducting self-examination, ensuring the functioning of the internal system for assessing the quality of education;

14) providing in an educational organization with a boarding school, necessary conditions content of students;

15) creation of the necessary conditions for the protection and promotion of health, organization of meals for students and employees of the educational organization;

16) creating conditions for students to study physical education and sports;

17) the acquisition or production of forms of documents on education and (or) on qualifications;

18) the establishment of requirements for students' clothing, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law or the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

19) assistance to the activities of public associations of students, parents (legal representatives) of underage students, carried out in an educational organization and not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

20) organization of scientific and methodological work, including the organization and holding of scientific and methodological conferences, seminars;

21) ensuring the creation and maintenance of the official website of the educational organization on the Internet;

22) other issues in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

4. Educational organizations of higher education carry out scientific and (or) creative activity, and also has the right to train scientific personnel (in doctoral studies). Other educational organizations have the right to conduct scientific and (or) creative activities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, if such activities are provided for by their charters.

5. An educational organization has the right to conduct consulting, educational activities, activities in the field of public health protection and other activities that do not contradict the goals of creating an educational organization, including organizing recreation and health improvement of students during vacation time (with a round-the-clock or day stay).

6. An educational organization is obliged to carry out its activities in accordance with the legislation on education, including:

1) ensure the full implementation of educational programs, the compliance of the quality of training of students with the established requirements, the compliance of the applied forms, means, methods of teaching and upbringing with age, psychophysical characteristics, inclinations, abilities, interests and needs of students;

2) create safe conditions for teaching, educating students, supervising and caring for students, their maintenance in accordance with established norms that ensure the life and health of students, employees of an educational organization;

3) observe the rights and freedoms of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students, employees of an educational organization.

7. The educational organization is responsible in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of functions assigned to its competence, for the implementation of educational programs not in full in accordance with the curriculum, the quality of education of its graduates, as well as for the life and health of students , employees of an educational organization. For violation or illegal restriction of the right to education and the rights and freedoms of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students provided for by the legislation on education, violation of the requirements for the organization and implementation of educational activities, the educational organization and its officials shall bear administrative responsibility in accordance with the Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses.

Article 29. Information transparency of an educational organization

1. Educational organizations form open and publicly available information resources containing information about their activities, and provide access to such resources by placing them in information and telecommunication networks, including on the official website of the educational organization on the Internet.

2. Educational organizations ensure openness and accessibility:

1) information:

a) on the date of creation of the educational organization, on the founder, founders of the educational organization, on the location of the educational organization and its branches (if any), mode, working hours, contact numbers and e-mail addresses;

b) about the structure and governing bodies of the educational organization;

c) on the educational programs being implemented, indicating academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practice, provided for by the corresponding educational program;

d) on the number of students enrolled in educational programs being implemented at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget, budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets and under agreements on education at the expense of individuals and (or) legal entities;

e) about the languages of education;

f) on federal state educational standards, on educational standards (if any);

g) about the head of the educational organization, his deputies, heads of branches of the educational organization (if any);

h) on the personal composition of teaching staff, indicating the level of education, qualifications and work experience;

i) on the material and technical support of educational activities (including the availability of equipped classrooms, facilities for practical training, libraries, sports facilities, training and education facilities, nutritional conditions and health protection of students, access to information systems and information - telecommunication networks, about electronic educational resources to which students are provided access);

j) on the directions and results of scientific (research) activities and the research base for its implementation (for educational institutions of higher education, organizations of additional professional education);

k) on the results of admission for each profession, specialty of secondary vocational education (in the presence of entrance tests), each area of training or specialty of higher education with different conditions of admission (to places financed from budgetary allocations of the federal budget, budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets , under agreements on education at the expense of individuals and (or) legal entities), indicating the average amount of points scored for all entrance examinations, as well as the results of transfer, restoration and expulsion;

l) on the number of vacancies for admission (transfer) for each educational program, by profession, specialty, direction of training (for places financed from budgetary allocations of the federal budget, budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets, under agreements on education at the expense of individuals and (or) legal entities);

m) on the availability and conditions of granting scholarships to students, social support measures;

n) on the presence of a hostel, a boarding school, the number of living quarters in a hostel, a boarding school for nonresident students, the formation of a payment for living in a hostel;

o) on the volume of educational activities, the financial support of which is carried out at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget, budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets, under agreements on education at the expense of individuals and (or) legal entities;

p) on the receipt of financial and material resources and on their spending at the end of the financial year;

c) employment of graduates;

2) copies:

a) the charter of the educational organization;

b) licenses for educational activities (with attachments);

c) certificates of state accreditation (with attachments);

d) a plan of financial and economic activities of an educational organization, approved in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, or a budget estimate of an educational organization;

e) local regulations provided for by Part 2 of Article 30 of this Federal Law, internal regulations for students, internal labor regulations, collective agreements;

3) report on the results of self-examination. The performance indicators of the educational organization subject to self-examination and the procedure for its conduct are established by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;

4) a document on the procedure for the provision of paid educational services, including a sample agreement on the provision of paid educational services, a document on the approval of the cost of training for each educational program;

5) the orders of the bodies exercising state control (supervision) in the field of education, reports on the implementation of such orders;

6) other information that is posted is published by the decision of the educational organization and (or) placement, the publication of which is mandatory in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. Information and documents specified in part 2 of this article, if in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation they are not classified as information constituting state and other secrets protected by law, shall be posted on the official website of the educational organization on the Internet and updated within ten working days from the date of their creation, receipt or making the appropriate changes to them. The procedure for posting on the official website of an educational organization on the Internet and updating information about an educational organization, including its content and the form of its provision, is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 30. Local regulations containing norms governing educational relations

1. An educational organization adopts local regulations containing norms governing educational relations (hereinafter referred to as local regulations), within its competence in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the manner established by its charter.

2. The educational organization adopts local regulations on the main issues of the organization and implementation of educational activities, including the governing rules for the admission of students, the mode of study of students, the forms, frequency and procedure for monitoring progress and intermediate certification of students, the procedure and grounds for transfer, expulsion and restoration students, the procedure for registering the emergence, suspension and termination of relations between the educational organization and students and (or) parents (legal representatives) of minor students.

3. When adopting local regulations affecting the rights of students and employees of an educational organization, the opinion of student councils, parental councils, student representative bodies, as well as in the manner and in cases provided for by labor legislation, representative bodies of employees (if there are such representative bodies ).

4. The norms of local regulations that worsen the situation of students or employees of an educational organization in comparison with the statute established by the legislation on education, labor legislation, or adopted in violation of the established procedure, are not applied and are subject to cancellation by the educational organization.

Education is a single purposeful process of upbringing and training, which is a socially significant benefit and is carried out in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, abilities, skills, value attitudes, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for intellectual purposes, spiritual and moral, creative, physical and (or) professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests;

The level of education- completed cycle of education, characterized by a certain unified set of requirements;

Qualification- the level of knowledge, abilities, skills and competence, characterizing the readiness to perform a certain type of professional activity;

The following levels of general education are established in the Russian Federation:

1) preschool education;

2) primary general education;

3) basic general education;

4) secondary general education.

The following levels of professional education are established in the Russian Federation:

1) secondary vocational education;

2) higher education - bachelor's degree;

3) higher education - specialty, master's degree;

4) higher education - training of highly qualified personnel.

Additional education includes such subspecies as additional education for children and adults and additional professional education.

The goals of education are deliberately defined, expected results that a given society, a country strives to achieve with the help of the existing education system. This is a specific description of the program for the development of a person by means of education, a description of the system of knowledge, abilities, skills and attitudes that a student must master after graduation from an educational institution.

2. The following education models are distinguished:

State departmental model.

The traditional model (J. Magho, D. Ravich) is a model of systematic classical education as a way of passing on the universal elements of the culture of the past to the younger generation.

Rationalistic (P. Bloom, B. Skinner) presupposes such an organization of education that ensures the assimilation of knowledge, skills, and practical adaptation of the younger generation to the existing society, this is practice-oriented, (for example, technological education).

Phenomenological (A. Maslow, K. Rogers) translates the humanistic paradigm of education, takes into account the individual psychological characteristics of the individual, assumes the personal nature of learning. Rejects the view of school as an educational conveyor belt.

Non-institutional (P. Goodman, L. Bernard) is focused on the organization of education outside educational institutions using the Internet, distance learning.

For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts are applied:

1) education is a single purposeful process of upbringing and training, which is a socially significant benefit and is carried out in the interests of the individual, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, skills, skills, value attitudes, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for purposes intellectual, spiritual, moral, creative, physical and (or) professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests;

2) education - activities aimed at personal development, creating conditions for self-determination and socialization of a student on the basis of socio-cultural, spiritual and moral values and rules and norms of behavior adopted in society in the interests of a person, family, society and state;

3) learning - a purposeful process of organizing students 'activities to master knowledge, skills, skills and competence, gain experience, develop abilities, gain experience in applying knowledge in everyday life and form students' motivation to receive education throughout their life;

4) level of education - a completed cycle of education, characterized by a certain unified set of requirements;

5) qualification - the level of knowledge, abilities, skills and competence, characterizing the readiness to perform a certain type of professional activity;

6) federal state educational standard - a set of mandatory requirements for education of a certain level and (or) for a profession, specialty and direction of training, approved by the federal executive body in charge of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;

7) educational standard - a set of mandatory requirements for higher education in specialties and areas of training, approved by educational institutions of higher education, determined by this Federal Law or by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation;

8) federal state requirements - mandatory requirements for the minimum content, structure of additional pre-professional programs, the conditions for their implementation and the duration of training for these programs, approved in accordance with this Federal Law by authorized federal executive bodies;

9) educational program - a complex of basic characteristics of education (volume, content, planned results), organizational and pedagogical conditions and, in the cases provided for by this Federal Law, forms of certification, which is presented in the form of a curriculum, a curriculum schedule, work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and teaching materials;

10) an approximate basic educational program - educational and methodological documentation (an approximate curriculum, an approximate calendar training schedule, approximate work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components), which determines the recommended volume and content of education at a certain level and (or) a certain focus, the planned results of the development of the educational program, approximate conditions for educational activities, including approximate calculations of the normative costs of the provision of public services for the implementation of the educational program;

11) general education - a type of education that is aimed at personal development and the acquisition in the process of mastering basic general educational programs of knowledge, skills, skills and the formation of competencies necessary for a person's life in society, a conscious choice of a profession and obtaining a professional education;

12) vocational education - a type of education that is aimed at acquiring by students in the process of mastering basic professional educational programs of knowledge, skills, skills and the formation of competence of a certain level and volume, allowing them to conduct professional activities in a certain area and (or) perform work in a specific profession, or specialties;

13) vocational training - a type of education that is aimed at the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies by students, necessary for the performance of certain labor, official functions (certain types of labor, official activities, professions);

14) additional education - a type of education that is aimed at the comprehensive satisfaction of a person's educational needs in intellectual, spiritual, moral, physical and (or) professional improvement and is not accompanied by an increase in the level of education;

15) student - an individual who is mastering an educational program;

16) student with disabilities - an individual who has disabilities in physical and (or) psychological development, confirmed by the psychological, medical and pedagogical commission and hindering the acquisition of education without creating special conditions;

17) educational activities - activities for the implementation of educational programs;

18) educational organization - a non-profit organization that carries out educational activities on the basis of a license as the main type of activity in accordance with the goals for the achievement of which such an organization was created;

19) an organization providing training is a legal entity that, on the basis of a license, along with its main activity, educational activity as an additional type of activity;

20) organizations carrying out educational activities - educational organizations, as well as organizations carrying out training. For the purposes of this Federal Law, individual entrepreneurs carrying out educational activities are equated to organizations carrying out educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law;

21) pedagogical worker - an individual who is in labor, service relations with an organization carrying out educational activities, and fulfills the duties of teaching, educating students and (or) organizing educational activities;

22) curriculum - a document that defines the list, labor intensity, sequence and distribution by periods of study of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practice, other types of educational activities and, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law, forms of intermediate certification of students;

23) individual curriculum - a curriculum that ensures the development of an educational program based on the individualization of its content, taking into account the characteristics and educational needs of a particular student;

24) practice - a type of educational activity aimed at the formation, consolidation, development of practical skills and competence in the process of performing certain types of work related to future professional activities;

25) focus (profile) of education - the orientation of the educational program to specific areas of knowledge and (or) types of activity, which determines its subject and thematic content, the prevailing types of educational activities of the student and the requirements for the results of mastering the educational program;

26) teaching and education means - devices, equipment, including sports equipment and inventory, instruments (including musical instruments), teaching aids, computers, information and telecommunication networks, hardware, software and audiovisual means, printed and electronic educational and information resources and other material objects necessary for the organization of educational activities;

27) inclusive education - ensuring equal access to education for all students, taking into account the diversity of special educational needs and individual opportunities;

28) adapted educational program - an educational program adapted for training persons with disabilities, taking into account the characteristics of their psychophysical development, individual capabilities and, if necessary, providing correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation of these persons;

29) quality of education - a comprehensive characteristic of educational activities and training of a student, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements and (or) the needs of an individual or legal entity in whose interests educational activities are carried out, including the degree of achievement planned results of the educational program;

30) relations in the field of education - a set of public relations for the realization of the right of citizens to education, the purpose of which is the development of the content of educational programs (educational relations) by students, and social relations that are associated with educational relations and the purpose of which is to create conditions for the realization of the rights of citizens to education;

31) participants in educational relations - students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students, teaching staff and their representatives, organizations carrying out educational activities;

32) participants in relations in the field of education - participants in educational relations and federal state bodies, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government bodies, employers and their associations;

33) conflict of interests of a pedagogical worker - a situation in which a pedagogical worker, in the course of his professional activity, has a personal interest in obtaining material benefits or other advantages and which affects or may affect the proper performance of professional duties by a pedagogical worker due to a contradiction between his personal interest and interests student, parents (legal representatives) of minor students;

34) supervision and care of children - a set of measures for organizing meals and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine.

RF Law "On Education"- N 273-FZ - regulates public relations that appear in the field of education due to the realization by the population of the right to education. Provides state guarantees of freedoms and rights of people in the field of education and appropriate conditions for the realization of the right to education. Determines the legal status of the participants in the relationship in the framework of educational activities. Establishes the economic, legal, organizational basis of education in our country, the principles of state policy in the field of education, the rules for the operation of the educational system and the implementation of educational activities.