Lecture on the topic of responsibility for extremism. Lecture “Prevention of extremism and terrorism among youth. Approaches to preventive work

On November 18, 2013, the Youth Policy Committee held a lecture for students of district schools on the prevention of extremism and terrorism in the hall of the education department. The head of the LRO for the Zelenchuk and Urup districts of the Federal Drug Control Service of Russia for the Karachay-Cherkess Republic Chagarov Kazbek Askerbievich, the deputy mufti of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic Laipanov Muratbiy Hadji and the chairman of the youth commission of the Southern Karachay-Cherkess Deanery Father Sergius were invited to this event.

Schoolchildren were gathered to once again touch upon the topical topic of terrorism and call for vigilance and attentiveness to to strangers and objects. The lecture began with a specialist from the committee, who revealed the essence of the concepts of terrorism and extremism, presented visual material to those present: “Terrorism”, “terrorists”, “extremism” - words that appear almost daily in the media, giving rise to concern and fear of our citizens for their present and the future, for our rights and freedoms, which are guaranteed to us by the Constitution Russian Federation. Extremism and terrorism in all forms of their manifestations have become one of the most dangerous problems with which humanity entered the 21st century.

Terrorism poses a real threat to the national security of the country: kidnappings, hostage-taking, aircraft hijackings, bomb explosions, acts of violence in ethno-confessional conflicts, direct threats of their implementation, etc. Therefore, the problem of countering terrorism and extremism in the Russian Federation is one of the most important tasks of ensuring security at the state level.

Over the past decade, major terrorist acts in our country have been the explosions of residential buildings in Moscow and Volgodonsk, an explosion during a parade in Kaspiysk on May 9, and the seizure of the theater on Dubrovka during the performance of “Nord-Ost”. September 2004. For two days, teachers, students, and their parents - more than 1,200 people in total - were held in the gym of school No. 1 in the city of Beslan (Republic of North Ossetia). The explosion killed 331 people, including 172 children. 559 people were injured. These are truly terrible pages of our history...

Not an insignificant problem today is extremism, which is attracting more and more young people, especially those between the ages of 14 and 18. Extremists radically deny the norms and rules existing in society through a set of violent manifestations committed by individuals and specially organized groups and communities. This is a complex and heterogeneous form of expression of hatred and enmity. Often permitted mass protest demonstrations develop into hooliganism and riots, attacks on citizens and are accompanied by calls for violence - these are already illegal actions that, based on the degree of public danger, can be classified as criminal, criminal...”

Then the lecture was continued by the Deputy Mufti of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic Muratbiy Haji, touching on at least current topic Wahhabism, which from a special movement of the faith of Islam today has turned into a means of violence and murder. In our time, Wahhabism is a current of political extremism, hiding behind Islam and prone to armed struggle against everyone who interferes with the spread of Wahhabi teachings and the establishment of its monopoly domination. Muratbiy Haji called on those present to be careful and not to confuse faith with evil, which today terrorists are propagating through religious dogmas to achieve their personal goals.

The Chairman of the Youth Commission of the Southern Karachay-Cherkess Deanery, Father Sergius, also explained to those present that recently most of the terrorist attacks have been occurring precisely under the slogans of “death for the sake of salvation.” Today religion is used for evil, for destruction, to achieve chaos in the world. Humanity has forgotten about the principles of humanism, justice, kindness, and has forgotten about the essence of faith.

The lecture was concluded by the head of the MRO for the Zelenchuk and Urup districts, Chagarov Kazbek Askerbievich, who spoke about how closely terrorism is connected with the drug business, how terrorists use drugs to influence ordinary people, forcing them to commit terrorist acts, sacrificing first of all themselves and many innocent people .

Lecture: “Prevention of extremism in youth environment » Extremism is an evil against humanity. A person’s life safety largely depends on his worldview, on who he sees as like-minded people. It is very dangerous not to understand that opposing yourself and your views to the world around you can provoke unfavorable and even dangerous life situations. “Terrorism”, “terrorists”, “extremism” are words that appear almost daily in the media, generating concern and fear of our citizens for their present and future, for their rights and freedoms, which are guaranteed to us by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Extremism and terrorism in all forms of their manifestations have become one of the most dangerous problems with which humanity entered the 21st century. Terrorism poses a real threat to the national security of the country: kidnappings, hostage-taking, aircraft hijackings, bomb explosions, acts of violence in ethno-confessional conflicts, direct threats of their implementation, etc. Therefore, the problem of countering terrorism and extremism in the Russian Federation is one of the most important tasks of ensuring security at the state level. Over the past decade, major terrorist acts in our country have been the explosions of residential buildings in Moscow and Volgodonsk, an explosion during a parade in Kaspiysk on May 9, and the seizure of the theater on Dubrovka during the performance of “Nord-Ost”. September 2004. For two days, teachers, students, and their parents - more than 1,200 people in total - were held in the gym of school No. 1 in the city of Beslan (Republic of North Ossetia). The explosion killed 331 people, including 172 children. 559 people were injured. These are truly terrible pages of our history... A significant problem today is extremism, which is attracting more and more young people, especially those between the ages of 14 and 18. Extremists radically deny the norms and rules existing in society through a set of violent manifestations committed by individuals and specially organized groups and communities. This is a complex and heterogeneous form of expression of hatred and enmity. Often permitted mass protest demonstrations develop into hooliganism and riots, attacks on citizens and are accompanied by calls for violence - these are already illegal actions that, based on the degree of public danger, can be classified as criminal. Recently, most terrorist attacks occur under the slogan “death for the sake of salvation.” Today religion is used for evil, for destruction, to achieve chaos in the world. Humanity has forgotten about the principles of humanism, justice, kindness, and has forgotten about the essence of faith. The concept of “Islamism” appeared in the last century. It is traditionally believed that Islam is a religion of peace, goodness, and moral improvement, and Islamism is radical Islam, which from a purely spiritual and religious teaching has turned into a political totalitarian ideology. Adherents of Islamism are called Islamists. Islamists want to organize the life of the entire society according to Sharia law, that is, according to the laws of Islam written in the Koran and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad. They want to make private rules for Muslim believers mandatory for all people, to turn religious laws into national laws. This means: denial of equality between men and women, freedom of conscience, secular justice, universal literacy, the establishment of strict standards of dress and behavior, etc. Islamism means fundamentalism, as a return to the extremely conservative traditions of the past, a sharp and hostile rejection of modern wide boundaries of social norms . But most importantly, Islamists are aimed at the forceful expansion of Islam beyond the borders of their countries and believe that it is necessary to wage a holy war against the infidels - jihad. Most of the terrorist attacks in recent decades are the activities of Islamists. It is absolutely clear that behavior motivated by such ideas has a strict orientation, aimed in this case against persons of a different nationality or religion. Mixed in here is hatred of the existing government, which, according to extremists, condones the activities of the “culprits” of all Russian troubles, which leads to an even wider spread of extremist ideas. It is these ideas that become the foundation for the formation of informal extremist youth groups. The system of views imposed by extremists is attractive due to the simplicity and unambiguity of its rules, promises of the opportunity to immediately, right away, see the result of their albeit aggressive actions. Extremism and one of its most dangerous forms - terrorism - are changing rapidly and using increasingly destructive methods. Extremists act outside any moral framework and morality, and often turn their criminal activities into business. Therefore, at present we can talk about the economic basis of extremism and terrorism. Confirmation is provided by video recordings of the terrorist acts themselves, religious killings and their consequences, which in turn are a report to the customer for the funds provided. On the territory of modern Russia, international extremist groups that promote Islamism carry out illegal activities. This militant ideology is preached mainly through individuals who have been trained in certain Arab countries. The identified problem concerns not only North Caucasus, but also throughout the Russian Federation. I would like to note the not always positive role of the media in the formation of mass consciousness. The flow of information contains a variety of information about extreme events and terrorist attacks. At the same time, on the Internet you can come across various prohibited methods of influencing the human psyche. Associated with this is the danger of young people being drawn into extremist activities. At the same time, people professing extreme views make acquaintances on social networks under the pretext of interest in organizing their personal lives. Then, in the process of communication, extremist ideology, alien religious views. As a result, this leads to abandonment of family, friends, changes in behavior, and habits. Parents and government agencies are perceived as enemies. Yes, gr. Kh., a resident of the Republic of Tatarstan, met minor B. on a social network, and for 3 months corresponded with her, and came several times to meet in the city where the girl lived. During the next meeting, they, secretly from the minor’s parents, purchased tickets and left in the direction of one of the republics of the North Caucasus. Subsequently, it was established that the promise to marry concealed the intention of the gr. X. sell a minor into slavery in an Arab country. In connection with the problem of the spread of extremism and terrorism, the ambiguity of informal youth associations should be noted. According to official statistics, the majority of members of these associations in Russia are high school students, vocational students educational organizations, unoccupied teenagers. As practice shows, it is minors who willingly support various emerging movements and subcultures (emo, punks, goths, skins, etc.). Belonging to one of the groups, according to the minors themselves, increases self-esteem, helps them feel independent, and, at the same time, needed by someone. When joining such movements, schoolchildren are often guided by its influence among their peers, rarely thinking about the fact that some ideas promoted by supporters of this movement run counter to universal human values. For example, the skinhead movement, which has gained strength, preaches Nazi ideology. Their activities are directed against non-Russians and visitors and are associated with violations of public order, beatings, grievous bodily harm, and murder. Unfortunately, in modern Russia, more and more young people are influenced by sects. A sect is a religious organization or group of people who are focused on their own interests that do not coincide with the interests of society, are indifferent or contradict them. What is the danger of sects? The fact is that the main goal of the sect is to transform its members into obedient and servile people who can be easily controlled and subjected to any kind of exploitation to obtain the necessary benefits. Therefore, in sects, people lose their health, property, money, and most importantly, the ability to live independently in society. Most sectarian communities committed to the so-called “natural” life force their followers to adhere to a strict diet and reject medical help. This is the sect “Jehovah's Witnesses”. For example, in St. Petersburg, a 3-year-old boy died in one of the hospitals because... his Jehovah's Witness mother refused to give the child a life-saving blood transfusion. To recruit new members of the sect and further guide them, deception, hypnosis, coding techniques and other means of mind control are used. Sectarians prefer to work with children school age, whose psyche has not yet formed, and who represent easy prey. Children are invited to come to an interesting conversation, and after just a few heart-to-heart conversations, they develop a state close to drug addiction. It is extremely difficult to get out of the sect, because... consciousness is completely closed from critical perception of the world. So, if someone approaches you, inviting you to come to an interesting unusual lecture or seminar, promising you any benefits (salary, study abroad, etc.), never give out your phone number, address, and exercise reasonable caution , do not give in to curiosity at the expense of common sense. Remember that almost all sects have a long history of breaking laws, litigation, high-profile scandals, and destruction of destinies. As we see, extremism has many faces and diversity. Modern terrorism knows no spatial boundaries. That's why great importance has the correct attitude to perceived information, the ability to analyze it and have an idea of ​​the mechanisms and consequences of influence on the individual. One-sided or distorted information, which is transmitted including via the Internet, often has great strength propaganda indoctrination and, undoubtedly, needs comprehension and critical evaluation. That is why it is necessary to master media literacy and learn to analyze information, be aware of the mechanisms of manipulative influence and be able to defend one’s own point of view. In addition, tolerance should be cultivated as an active moral position and psychological readiness to tolerance for the sake of positive interaction with people of different cultural, national, religious or social backgrounds.

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"The Rule of Four Don'ts":

Not talk to strangers and don't let them into the house.

Not go with them into the elevator and entrance.

Not get into a car with strangers.

Not stay outside after school, especially after dark.

What if a stranger simply asks to show you the right street or bring your bag or take you to the store?

Tell me anyway - NO!

Explain how to find the street, but under no circumstances give in to persuasion to guide you. And even if a stranger says that he is an acquaintance of your parents, whom they sent to you, you must say that your parents did not warn you, and under no circumstances should you accompany him anywhere.

In what situations should you always answer “NO!”:

If you are offered a visit or a ride home, even if they are neighbors.

If I'm picking you up at school or kindergarten a stranger came, and the parents did not warn about this in advance.

If an unfamiliar person comes in the absence of your parents, let him into the apartment or go somewhere with him.

If a new acquaintance treats you to something.

Very often, criminals take advantage of the gullibility of children. They offer to give you a ride home or see an animal or play your favorite game.

Under no circumstances should you agree to this!

What you need to know to avoid becoming a victim:

If they ask you how to find the street, explain how to get there, but under no circumstances escort you.

If they try to persuade you, answer that you need to go home and warn your parents, tell them where you are going and with whom you are going.

If a stranger offers you to watch something or help you carry your bag, promising to pay, answer

"No!".

If you are offered to act in a movie or participate in a beauty contest, do not agree immediately, but ask when and where you can go with your parents.

If a car slows down next to you, move as far away from it as possible and under no circumstances get into it.

If a person does not lag behind you, go up to any house and pretend that this is your house, wave your hand and call your relatives, whom you seem to see in the window.

A criminal does not always have a scary face. Any maniac can transform and temporarily become a kind and sweet uncle.

Therefore our advice:

To all persuasion to go somewhere to watch something or play, you must answer “No!”, even if it is very interesting. And when you come home, you must tell adults about this person.

But what if the adult is very persistent?

If he tells you: “I thought you were already big, but it turns out your mom doesn’t allow you!”

It is very dangerous!

You have to run away from such a person at breakneck speed. And when you come home, be sure to tell your parents about it.Rules of behavior on the street:

If you have to walk alone in the evening, walk quickly and confidently and do not show fear; you can approach a woman who inspires confidence, or an elderly couple and walk next to them.

On a bus, tram, subway, or train, sit closer to the driver or engineer and get out of the car at the last moment, without indicating in advance that the next stop is yours.

Do not go to remote and deserted places.

Rules of conduct in your home:

Before opening the door, be sure to look through the door peephole. Let only people you know well into your apartment.

When leaving the apartment, also look through the peephole. If there are people on the landing, wait until they leave.

If a plumber or electrician arrives without calling, call the dispatch center that services your home and make inquiries before letting him in.

If, when returning home, you feel that you are being followed, do not enter the house, but return to a crowded place and ask for help.

Before opening the front door with the key, make sure that no one is nearby.

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Prevention of extremism

Extremism is a complex and heterogeneous form of expression of hatred and enmity. The following are distinguished:

types of extremism:

1. political
2. National
3. religious

National extremismacts under the slogans of protecting “their people”, their economic interests, cultural values, as a rule, to the detriment of representatives of other nationalities living in the same territory.

Under religious extremismunderstand intolerance towards dissident representatives of the same or another religion. IN last years The problem of Islamic extremism has worsened.

Political extremismare movements or

Currents against the existing constitutional order.

Today, extremism is a real threat to the national security of the Russian Federation. There is an increase in informal youth movements extremist orientation. Currently, members of informal youth organizations (groups) with an extremist-nationalist orientation are young people aged 14 to 30 years, often minors aged 14 to 18 years.

Crimes of an extremist nature.

Crimes of an extremist nature include:

public calls for extremist activities; inciting hatred or enmity, as well as humiliation of human dignity, organizing an extremist community, etc.

Manifestations of extremist activity

1. Terrorism is an extreme manifestation of extremism, a phenomenon associated with violence, threatening the life and health of citizens.
2. Nationalism is a form of social unity based on the idea of ​​national superiority and national exclusivity.
3. Racism is a set of concepts based on provisions on physical and mental inequality human races and about the decisive influence of racial differences on the history and culture of human society.
4. Fascism - this is an ideology and practice that asserts the superiority and exclusivity of a certain nation or race and is aimed at inciting national intolerance, discrimination, the use of violence and terrorism, and the establishment of the cult of the leader.

Criminal liability for these crimes arises from the age of 16.The degree of criminal liability depends on the severity of the crime - a fine of one hundred thousand rubles to imprisonment (from six months to life imprisonment).

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Questionnaire on citizens' attitudes towards manifestations of extremism

In modern society.

1. Do you know what extremism is?

1. I know

2. I rather know

3. I probably don’t know

4. I don't know

5. I find it difficult to answer.

2. What, in your opinion, are the main causes of extremism?

1. In the multinational population living in Russia
2. In the low legal culture of the population and insufficient tolerance of people
3. In the purposeful “incitement” of nationalist aggression by representatives of extremist-minded organizations
4. Insufficient legal education of citizens in the field of countering (preventing) extremism
5. There are not enough leisure centers and special leisure programs for children adolescence and adult population
6. In the crisis of school and family education
7. In the deformation of the value system in modern society
8. Other________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

3. What methods of preventing extremism are most acceptable from your point of view?

1. Radical, allowing for tougher criminal liability for extremism, preventing the creation and functioning of new religious and national associations, total censorship
2. Methods based on the experience of civilized foreign countries in the prevention of extremism
3. Liberal, suggesting only administrative responsibility for extremism, allowing the creation and functioning of new religious and national associations, the absence of any censorship.

4. How relevant, in your opinion, is the problem of extremism for Russia in general, for the Chelyabinsk region and your village in particular?

5. Have you ever encountered manifestations of extremism in everyday life?

1. I come across it quite often
2. Came across it once
3. Didn't have to face
4. I find it difficult to answer.

6. Have you encountered discrimination based on nationality, religion or other grounds regarding your identity?

1. I come across it quite often
2. Encountered several times
3. Came across it once
4. Didn't have to face
5. I find it difficult to answer.

7. Have you personally participated in conflicts on ethnic grounds?

1. I find it difficult to answer.

8. Some people experience irritation or hostility towards representatives of a particular nationality. Do you personally experience similar feelings towards representatives of any nationality?

1. I'm experiencing
2. I rather feel
3. I probably don't feel it
4. I don't feel it
5. I find it difficult to answer.

9. How do you feel about the actions of representatives of extremist organizations?

1. I condemn such actions
2. I rather condemn
3. I approve of such actions
4. I rather approve
5. I find it difficult to answer.

1. Do you know where to go if evidence of extremism is discovered?

1. I find it difficult to answer.

11. Are you ready to assist law enforcement officers in countering extremism?

1. Ready
2. More likely ready
3. Not ready)
4. Probably not ready
5. I find it difficult to answer.

12. In your opinion, what legislative initiatives will contribute to the eradication of extremist manifestations in society?

1. Introducing criminal liability for concealing information about manifestations of extremist behavior or connivance in the creation of an extremist community (organization)
2. Introducing criminal liability for organizing or facilitating the dissemination of extremist information in the media
3. Introducing liability for the inaction of officials responsible for preventing or suppressing extremist behavior or activities of extremist communities (organizations)
4. Other ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

13. On whom, in your opinion, does the solution to the problems of extremism depend most?

1. From the general population
2. From law enforcement agencies
3. From local (municipal) authorities
4. From regional (regional) authorities
5. From the federal authorities
6. From myself.

14. How great is the danger of the spread of extremism in modern Russia in general, in the Chelyabinsk region and in your village in particular?

15. Your proposals for improving the activities of government authorities in the field of countering and preventing extremism:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

16. How long have you lived in the Arkhangelsk region?

1. Less than 5 years
2. From 5 to 10 years
3. From 10 to 20 years
4. More than 20 years
5. All my life, born here.

17. Your age:

1. 18 – 30 years old
2. 30 – 45 years
3. 46 – 55 years old
4. 56 – 65 years old
5. 65 – 75 years
6. Over 75 years old.

18. Your education:

1. Lower secondary
2. Average
3. Specialized secondary
4. Incomplete higher education
5. Higher.

19. Area of ​​your professional interests?

1. Healthcare, education, culture
2. Department of Housing and Utilities
3. Trade, catering and consumer services
4. State, municipal service
5. Military service, Ministry of Emergency Situations, police
6. Communications, transport
7. Industry
8. Agriculture
9. Small business
10. Public organization (NPO)
11. Student (student)
12. Pensioner (not working)
13. Unemployed (housewife)

14. Other_______________________________________________________________________________

20. Where do you live?

1. In the city

2. In the village

3. In the village

Thank you for your cooperation!

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“What is extremism?”

Tasks:

Educational:find out the reasons for the emergence of extremism and terrorism; reveal the types of terrorism.

Educational: develop skills oratory through speeches prepared by students; instill skills independent work; teach children to analyze events, draw conclusions, and be able to convincingly and convincingly prove their point of view.

Educational: to form patriotism; cultivate a sense of rejection of violence, terrorism and extremism.

Event form: oral journal.

Method: research.

Progress of the event

Teacher's introduction:

Humanity has always been at war. Over the past five thousand years, about 15,000 large and small wars have been recorded, in which several billion people died. 60 years ago the battles of the Great Patriotic War ended Patriotic War. While putting pressure on the fascists, our fathers and grandfathers dreamed and firmly believed that after victory there would be no more wars on the planet and an amazing time of universal brotherhood would come. Victory was won, but universal peace never came.

Local wars and military conflicts related to religious, territorial and national disputes continue. Such an ominous phenomenon as terrorism is increasingly intruding into our seemingly peaceful life. Terrorism is also war. And no one is safe from it. Including us.

Student message:

Some time ago, the following entered our lexicon: scary words, How"terrorism" and "extremism". Now every child knows what is hidden behind these concepts. From the explanatory dictionary the etymology of the term"extremism" finds its roots in Latin, translated as “extreme” (views and measures).

Terrorism "terror" is translated as "horror" (intimidation by death penalties, murders and all the horrors of fury).

The rise of extremism is a serious threat to stability and public safety. International terrorism is a set of socially dangerous acts on an international scale, leading to the senseless death of people, disrupting the normal diplomatic activities of states and their representatives and complicating the implementation of international contacts and meetings, as well as transport links between states. Let's try to understand the causes of extremism and terrorism. Let's find out who makes up the social base of extremism and terrorism.

Student message:

The causes of extremism include the following:

This large property stratification of the population leads to the fact that society ceases to function as an integral organism, united by common goals, ideas, and values.

This is an increase in social tension.

This is a decrease in the ideological component in the educational process, which led to the loss of moral values.

This is lack of spirituality, the lack of clear ideas about the history and prospects for the development of the country, the loss of a sense of belonging and responsibility for the fate of the homeland.

The social base of extremist groups consists of people who have failed to adapt to new living conditions. Young people are unable to take a critical approach to the content of publications in the media due to the lack of life experience were the most susceptible to this influence. This is a very good environment for extremist groups. Most youth extremist groups are informal in nature. A number of their members have a vague idea of ​​the ideological background of extremist movements. Loud phraseology, external paraphernalia and other accessories, the opportunity to feel like a member of a kind of “secret society” that has the right to carry out reprisals with impunity against persons disliked by the group, all this attracts young people.

The future of the country largely depends on who wins the “battle for the minds and hearts” of the younger generation. Only the efforts of the entire society can create a reliable barrier to the spread of extremism.

Teacher:

Is terrorism and extremism a spontaneous act or is there someone behind it?

Student message:

Whoever we take - Afghan and Iranian al-Qaeda fighters, Palestinian suicide bombers, people from Somalia who blew themselves up in the London Underground, Chechen militants, Pakistanis and Algerians who weave terrorist networks in Europe - all of them come from the most backward states, which today have no chance of getting any closer to the developed ones. But we must always remember that any terrorist act or threat of its commission, no matter how they try to justify it, is evil and constitutes a crime. The threat of terrorist attacks can arise almost anywhere. Al-Qaeda is an organization of Islamic fundamentalists. Implements combat operations Worldwide.

Created in 1988 and the organization was headed by a native of Saudi Arabia, Osama Bin Laden

The goal of the organization is to overthrow secular regimes in Islamic states and establish an Islamic order; Al Qaeda views the United States as the main enemy of Islam. He created construction organizations that built roads and tunnels in the interests of the Islamic opposition. At the same time, Ladan was directly involved in combat operations. He recruited and trained volunteers all over the world who wanted to take part in jihad against the USSR. But by 1988 Ladan's interests are becoming less and less connected with Afghanistan and more and more with international struggle Islamists. Subsequently, majahideen began to appear in various terrorist organizations in the Middle East and took part in wars in Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Chechnya, and Tajikistan. Al-Qaeda views all conflicts occurring in the Middle East as a struggle between devout Muslims on the one hand and heretics and atheists on the other. The enemies of Islam include moderate Islamic regimes ( Saudi Arabia and others like it) and the USA. The presence of US troops is seen by Ladan as new crusade Christian West against the Muslim East, as the occupation of holy places.

“Terrorism” is one of the most impressive myths with which the mass consciousness is obsessed. Let's try to define terrorism in the most general terms and highlight its main varieties.

Student message:

I repeat, I will say that terrorism is the conscious use of illegitimate violence (most often with a deliberate focus on a spectacular, dramatic effect) on the part of some group, thereby seeking to achieve certain goals that are obviously unattainable in a legitimate way.

Ideological terrorism.The presence of two camps (the authorities and the revolutionaries dissatisfied with them - terrorists). For example: Russian populists, French anarchists, German conservatives, Bolsheviks, fascists, neo-fascist terrorist attacks in Italy in the late 70s, the Red Brigades and the Red Army in Germany, etc.

Ethnic terrorism.Ethnic minorities view terrorism as the only way to express their demands in conditions where full political participation in determining their destiny is otherwise impossible. Ethnoterrorism may be racial in nature. The most striking examples: Sicilian separatists, Irish, Kurds, Karabakh Armenians and Chechens.

Religious terrorism.Religious minorities or an active vanguard who have experienced the hostile influence of the authorities speak out. The basis for belittling “infidels”, representatives of other religions. The most extreme formulations are “chosen”, “saved”, “damned”. Classic examples of such terrorism are Zionist terrorism in Palestine and modern Islamic terrorism.

Criminal terrorism.Most often, such terrorism is accompanied by demands of a semi-political nature. For example: providing means of transportation in order to leave a certain area, releasing prisoners, and so on. Examples: Bolshevik and anarchist raiders and robbers, US ethnic mafias (Jewish, Sicilian and Chinese), extremist takeovers of banks, etc.

Individual terror.This is not a lone revolutionary, not a lone nationalist, not a lone religious fanatic, not a lone criminal, but a person, regardless of his ideological orientation, who harms society.

Teacher:

The rapid and brilliant, cruel and indifferent 21st century. He can safely be called a monster with an iron heart, he does not want to hear groans, does not notice tears, often mistaking them for transparent dew on a person’s face. The events in Chechnya are full of extremism. Hatred, anger, cruelty, extreme measures, extreme views, extreme actions. These are all the words that characterize these events

We have once again become convinced that extremism is truly cruelty, based on hatred and malice, and sometimes stupidity, subordinated to blind faith.

Teacher:

Live conversation on this topic:

Why do conflicts arise? How are they resolved at school? Classroom?

How do you feel about terrorism and extremism?

What forms and methods of combating terrorism can you offer.

Are terrorism and extremism a manifestation of hatred or stupidity? Give reasons for your answer.

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Class hour: "Terrorism is a threat to society" in 8th grade

Goals:

1. explain the essence of terrorism, its types and goals;
2. improving schoolchildren's knowledge about terrorism;
3. basics of safety in emergency situations;
4. formation of social consciousness and civic position of the younger generation.

Tasks:

1. Learn the rules of behavior during a terrorist attack;
2. Develop search and research skills;
3. Formation of the ability to work in groups.

Equipment:

1. video recorder,
2. TV,
3. multimedia projector,
4. posters with the inscriptions “Terrorism is a threat to society”, “War against the defenseless”,
5. magnetic board,
6. blanks for reminders.

(First, students watch chronicle footage of the actions of terrorists in Budenovsk, Moscow, Beslan, USA).

Progress of the conversation

Teacher. Terrorism is a serious crime when an organized group of people seeks to achieve their goal through violence. Terrorists are people who take hostages, organize explosions in crowded places, and use weapons. Innocent people, including children, often become victims of terrorism. Over the past decade, major terrorist acts in our country have been the explosions of residential buildings in Moscow and Volgodonsk, an explosion during a parade in Kaspiysk on May 9, and the seizure of the theater on Dubrovka during the performance of “Nord-Ost”. September 2004. For two days, teachers, students, and their parents - more than 1,200 people in total - were held in the gym of school No. 1 in the city of Beslan (Republic of North Ossetia). The explosion killed 331 people, including 172 children. 559 people were injured. These are terrible pages of history...

The current international situation can hardly be called stable. And one of the reasons for this is the scale of terrorism, which today is becoming truly global. Significant changes in both the forms of terrorism and the practice of combating it have occurred in our country. Russia is faced with glaring facts of its manifestation, both on its own territory and in its neighboring countries. The events of recent years have clearly proven that Russia, like the entire world community, is unable to resist the scale of terrorism. It was these circumstances that necessitated the development of the Federal Law “On the Fight against Terrorism,” adopted in July 1998.

Today we have gathered to discuss the problem, which is stated as follows: “Terrorism is a threat to society.” A representative of the Narym detachment of the Ministry of Emergency Situations (full name) takes part in our conversation

So what is terrorism? Where does this word come from? What does it contain? And how to behave in such a situation? These are conversation questions that we will try to answer.

Terror - intimidation, suppression of opponents, physical violence, up to the physical destruction of people by committing acts of violence (murder, arson, explosions, hostage-taking).

The concept of “terrorism”, “terrorist”, appeared in France at the end of the 18th century. This is what the Jacobins called themselves, and always with a positive connotation. However, during the Great french revolution the word “Terrorism” has become synonymous with criminal. Until very recently, the concept of “terrorism” already meant a spectrum of different shades of violence.

In 1881, Tsar Alexander II was killed by Narodnaya Volya using a homemade bomb. In 1911, the chairman of the Council of Ministers was killed by an secret police agent.

P.A. Stolypin. In the period 1902-1907. Terrorists in Russia carried out about 5.5 thousand terrorist attacks. Their victims were ministers, deputies State Duma, gendarmes, police and prosecutors.

In the USSR, terrorism was a very rare phenomenon before the escalation of national conflicts. The only sensational case was an explosion in a Moscow metro car in January 1977, which claimed more than ten lives. At that time, the situation in the country was different, and potential terrorists knew that they would not achieve their goals with such actions.

Our country seriously faced terrorism during “perestroika”. Already in 1990, about 200 explosions were carried out on its territory, in which more than 50 people died. In 1991, in the then USSR, as a result of bloody clashes, more than 1,500 people died, more than 10 thousand citizens were injured, and 600 thousand became refugees. During the period 1990-1993, approximately one and a half million firearms were illegally imported into Russia. Question: for what?

Since 1992, the phenomenon of contract killings of unwanted persons has become widespread in Russia. Journalists, deputies of the State Duma, entrepreneurs, bankers, city mayors, businessmen have become and are becoming their victims...

What is happening is mind-boggling, but here is a paradox: at the beginning of the third millennium, the population of Russia began to get used to reports of regular contract killings and shootouts on city streets.

Teacher. What is the essence of terrorism?

Dictionaries define the concept of “terrorism” as violent actions by criminals with the aim of undermining the existing government, complicating international relations, political and economic extortion from states. It is the systematic use or threat of violence against civilians as blackmail of existing authorities in order to achieve certain political, social or economic goals.

Types of modern terrorism:

1. Nationalist
2. Religious
3. Political

A terrorist act does not know in advance its specific victims, because it is directed, first of all, against the state. Its task is to subjugate the state, its organs, and the entire public, to force them to comply with the demands of terrorists and the individuals and organizations behind them.

1999 Two residential buildings in Moscow were blown up. 200 people died.

1. Pyatigorsk, Kaspiysk, Vladikavkaz, Buynaks, Budenovsk, Kizlyar, Beslan, where many, many innocent Russian citizens suffered.
2. October 2002 - hostage taking in Moscow - Theater Center on Dubrovka.
3. February 6, 2004 - an explosion in a Moscow metro car killed about 50 people.
4. A surge in terrorism occurred in 2003. Among the largest and bloodiest are:
5. May 12 - explosion near residential buildings in the Nadterechny district of Chechnya. 59 people were killed, 320 were injured;
6. On July 5, an explosion in Moscow (Tushinsky market) killed 17 people, 74 were injured;
7. On December 5, an explosion in an electric train in Yesentuki killed 32 people and injured 150.
8. December 9 – Moscow explosion on Manezhnaya Square (7 people were killed, 13 were injured.)
9. In 2004, the whole world was shaken by a new series of terrorist attacks: simultaneous explosions of two passenger planes on August 24, killing 90 people.

The rampant terrorism is today not only a Russian, but also an acute international problem. This is evidenced by many facts, but especially eloquent is the explosion in New York of the World War II shopping center September 11, 2001, which claimed the lives of 3.5 thousand people, the combined explosions of March 11, 2004 on commuter trains in the center of Madrid (Spain), endless terrorist attacks in Israel, the Philippines, and other countries.

Students hang posters on a magnetic board:

Teacher. How to avoid becoming a victim of a terrorist attack? About this, about the basic rules of behavior in the face of the threat of terrorist attacks.

(Answers: you should avoid visiting regions, cities, places and events where terrorist attacks are possible. Such a region, for example, the North Caucasus. Places mass gathering people - these are crowded events. Caution and civic vigilance must be exercised here.)

What is civic vigilance? (Answers: for example, a suspicious item left by someone (package, box, suitcase, etc.))

What actions should be taken when suspicious items are detected? (Answers: do not touch, do not open, record the time, notify the administration, wait for the police to arrive.)

If you heard gunshots while at home, what would be your first actions? (answers: do not enter the room from which shots are heard, do not stand at the window, inform by phone).

If you receive a threat over the phone, you need to (answers: remember the conversation, assess the age of the speaker, rate of speech, voice, record the time, contact law enforcement after the call).

If there was an explosion nearby, what would you do? (Answers: fall to the floor, make sure that you have not received serious wounds, look around, try, if possible, provide first aid, follow all the orders of the rescuers).

If you were among the hostages? (Answers: remember the main thing - the goal is to stay alive, do not allow hysterics, do not try to resist. Do not do anything without permission, remember - the special services have begun to act).

REFLECTION.

Following the conversation, students are given the following assignment.

"Situation".

“During the disco, a strong fight broke out, accompanied by a crush...” (Your actions).

“You were taken hostage by a man who robbed a store...” (Your actions). Students propose their action projects from these situations, and a discussion ensues.

Group of students “Experts” (leader: representative of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, supervises the group members, students’ actions to get out of these “situations”)

Groups of students are given cards.

“Complete the sentences, text” For example:

Card No. 1 “During terrorist attacks, it may…”

There was a shooting, you found yourself on the street, your actions……………

Card No. 2 “If you find yourself hostage...”

Remember:……………..

Card No. 3 “If you receive threats by phone”

You must:…………………………………..

Card No. 4 “You found a suspicious object”

Your actions: …………………………..

Card No. 5 “If you heard shots while at home”

You need:

Card No. 6 “If there is an explosion nearby”

Your actions…………………

Teacher. What conclusion can be drawn from the conversation?

(Students' answers)

Thus, we can conclude that terrorism in Russia is caused by social contradictions. They have a negative impact on all aspects of the country's public life. The most important prerequisite effective fight with terrorism, along with the measures of law enforcement agencies and special services, is the ability of citizens to resist terrorist attacks and behave correctly in the face of this danger.

Preview:

AGREED: I CONFIRM:

Chairman of the trade union committee Director of the Municipal Educational Institution Ural Secondary School

______________________ ____________________________

"___" ___________ 20__ "___" ___________20__

Job description

security officer.

1. Job responsibilities and powers

1. The person responsible for ensuring safety is obliged to:.

1 . 1. Know and be guided in your activities by the requirements of legislative and regulatory legal documents to ensure safety, labor protection, prevent and prevent terrorist acts, to combat manifestations of terrorism and extremism.

1.2. Organize work in the educational institution to ensure security, anti-terrorism protection, countering extremism, fire safety and electrical safety, preventing industrial injuries, maintaining internal regulations and maintaining public discipline.

1.3. Develop planning documents, security measures, anti-terrorism protection and civil defense, draft orders, instructions, instructions, memos, visual propaganda and other documents.

1.4. Participate in the development of annual and monthly plans educational work in terms of preparation and implementation of activities to instill resistance to the involvement of students and employees of the institution in extremist organizations and illegal actions.

1.5. Plan and conduct training sessions for teaching staff and service personnel on issues related to security, anti-terrorism protection, civil defense and actions in case of emergencies in an educational institution.

1.6. Organize work to comply with the requirements within the facility regime, internal regulations, and prevent antisocial behavior of students in an educational institution.

1.7. Organize the work of children's public organizations and the parent community (parental committees, groups, student self-government bodies, organizations “Young Vigilante”, “Young Firefighter”, “Young Traffic Safety Inspector”, etc.) to ensure public order in an educational institution.

18. Organize and maintain interaction with internal affairs bodies, the FSB, Civil Defense and Emergency Situations, and the prosecutor’s office on issues of law enforcement and security. Coordinate the institution’s work plans and other documents related to ensuring security in an educational institution with law enforcement agencies.

1.9. Provide assistance teaching staff in ensuring security and public order during cultural events.

1.10. Develop documents and conduct special exercises (trainings) on the actions of students and teaching staff in emergency and extreme situations, training according to the civil defense plan.

1.11. Monitor the maintenance of basement, utility, utility, technical, and attic spaces in a safe condition and in proper order, require responsible officials to keep them closed and sealed, and fire hydrants, fire extinguishing equipment, and emergency exits in readiness for use.

1.12. Provide preliminary control preparation of venues for public events, permanent presence of students and employees (classrooms, offices, gym, production workshops and other premises) for their safety.

1 . 13. Personally control the accounting and storage status of personal protective equipment, medications, chemicals, toxic liquids to ensure their reliable safety and prevent unauthorized access to them.

1 . 14. Comply with established internal rules, regulations and requirements job description, maintain a level of qualifications sufficient to perform assigned job responsibilities.

1 .15. The security officer organizes:

Work in an educational institution to ensure security, anti-terrorist protection of all categories of employees and students, to fulfill civil defense tasks, requirements for ensuring law and order and maintaining public discipline;

Educational and explanatory work on the issues of meeting the requirements of public and personal safety, vigilance to all facts and manifestations that pose a danger to the life, health of employees and students while they are in an educational institution, preventing manifestations of extremism and antisocial behavior;

Work on planning and conducting events (classes, training) with teaching staff trained in actions in cases of emergency situations (ES) in an educational institution.

The security officer has the right to:

1 . 16 . Demand from all officials and students in the institution the exact and strict implementation of the provisions of the governing documents on ensuring security in the educational institution, on the prevention and prevention of terrorist acts, maintaining public order, established rules and discipline.

1.17. Conduct checks on the status of the intra-facility regime and compliance with the established routine. Within the limits of his powers, make decisions on the organization and implementation of measures to ensure security, anti-terrorism protection, civil defense, coordinating them with the head of the institution.

1.18. Make proposals for improving the activities of an educational institution to ensure public and personal safety of students and staff, proper operation of equipment and property, development and improvement of the material and technical base.

1.19. Make additions to instructions on safety measures, use of equipment, premises within the limits of his competence.

1.20. Give orders to institution employees and students on security issues, compliance with law enforcement requirements, and established safety regulations.

1.21. Take urgent measures to identify, prevent and suppress all preconditions that create a danger to the life, health of students and employees of the institution, protection from terrorism and other dangerous manifestations.

P. Qualifications required

2.1. To fulfill the position of a person responsible for ensuring the security of an educational institution on security issues, countering terrorism and extremism, you must have:

a) by level vocational education: higher professional education in the specialty “public administration” or military, legal, historical, political science, philosophical or education considered equivalent;

b) according to length of service and work experience in the specialty:

Work experience in the specialty for at least three years;

c) according to the level of knowledge of legislation:

Knowledge of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal legislation and regulations governing security issues, countering terrorism and extremism, and civil defense;

d) by level of computer literacy:

Proficiency in computer technology at the personal user level.

Sh. Responsibility

3. 1. The person responsible for ensuring the security of an educational institution on issues of security, countering terrorism and extremism is appointed and dismissed by the head of the educational institution.

3.2. The immediate supervisor who gives orders and instructions to the person responsible for ensuring the security of an educational institution on issues of security, countering terrorism and extremism is the head of the educational institution.

3.3. For failure to perform or improper performance of official duties, the person responsible for ensuring the security of an educational institution on security issues, countering terrorism and extremism is subject to disciplinary liability in the manner prescribed Labor Code RF.

Preview:

I confirm: _____________________

Director of the Ural School

Action plan for program implementation

“Prevention of extremism, ethno-separatism.

Formation of tolerance"

for the 2012-2013 academic year

Preview:

I confirm: _____________

Director of the Ural Secondary School

PREVENTION PLAN

EXTREMISM AND ETHNOSEPARATISM.

FORMATION OF TOLERANCE

1. WORKING WITH TEACHERS.

1. WORKING WITH PARENTS

1. WORKING WITH STUDENTS

I confirm: _____________

Director of the Ural School

(Mokrushina Z.A.)

EDUCATIONAL PREVENTION EVENTS

EXTREMISM AND ETHNOSEPARATISM FOR THE MONTH

FORMATION OF TOLERANCE (NOVEMBER)

2. Working with parents

3. Working with students

1.	Diagnostic work for research purposes personal properties tolerance among students		Deputy VR directors, class teachers.
2.	Conducting thematic classroom hours of communication with the aim of countering extremism and developing tolerance among students	during a year	Class teachers
3.	Lessons on the basics of legal knowledge aimed at developing tolerant attitudes among students. Responsibility for participation in groups that incite ethnic hatred.	during a year	Teachers of history and law.
4.	Charity events “Children for Children”	during a year	Deputy Director of VR
5.	Activities to study the culture and traditions of other peoples	during a year	Deputy VR directors, class teachers.
6.	Design competition		Deputy Director of VR
7.	Identification of children who are members of various kinds of extremist groups.	during a year	Teaching staff
8.	Practical orientation of life safety classes on safety measures, actions in extreme situations. extremist manifestations among students in educational institutions Extremism (as well as terrorism, separatism and xenophobia) at the beginning of the 21st century is one of the most dangerous and difficult to predict phenomena of our time. Currently, extremism is acquiring more and more diverse forms and threatening proportions. According to a number of experts, at the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 500 terrorist organizations and groups of various extremist orientations operating in the world. Over the past 10 years, they have committed more than 6,500 acts of international terrorism, which killed more than 5 thousand people and injured 11.5 thousand. The purpose of the largest actions is to strike blows, including psychological ones, against countries that are unique leaders modern civilization; damage to democratic and progressive social transformations, property of organizations, institutions, individuals; intimidation of people, violence against them and physical destruction in favor of reactionary views and ideology of a fascist, racist, anarchist or chauvinist kind, as well as obtaining material or other benefits by accessible elements or their patronizing organizations, groups, individuals; disorganization and damage to normal relations between states and between people. Terrorist connections with drug trafficking and the illegal arms trade are expanding. The intellectual and educational level of terrorist leaders has increased significantly. Against the backdrop of the merger and cooperation of the leaders of legal and illegal extremist structures with the leadership core of nationalist, religious-sectarian, fundamentalist and other communities. On the basis of mutually beneficial personal interests, political and criminal terrorism merge. Terrorist acts most often cause massive human casualties, entail the destruction of material and spiritual values ​​that sometimes cannot be restored, sow enmity between states and peoples, provoke wars, mistrust and hatred between states, between social and national groups, which sometimes cannot be overcome during a lifetime. of the entire generation. The world has entered a unique era of terrorism, which can turn the entire modern society into a potential victim. Never before has terrorism been a global phenomenon. Over the past few years, it has undergone globalization and universalization. In this regard, the need for a qualitative restructuring of the fight against it is determined. IN modern literature There are more than 100 definitions of terrorism. The word “terrorism” (“terror”), quite widely used, does not, however, have a clearly fixed content. It comes from the Latin language (terror -fear, horror) and is very close to such concepts as “terrorize”, “keep in obedience”, “intimidate”, “carry out violence”, etc. “ Dictionary“V.I. Dalya interprets terrorism as the desire to intimidate with death, execution, threats of violence and physical destruction, cruel punitive measures and torture, and executions. Terrorism - this is violence that contains the threat of another, no less brutal violence, in order to cause panic, disrupt and even destroy state and social order, instill fear, force the enemy to make the desired decision, cause political and other changes. According to a number of experts, close attention from security forces The following extremist, terrorist groups and organizations are demanding: Al-Gamaat al-Islamiya, Al-Jihad, Islamic Salvation Front, Armed Islamic Group, Abu Sayyaf group, Jamaat al-Fukra, Harakat al -Ansar, Hezbollah, Al-Qaeda, Islamic Jihad, Aum Sinreke, Real Irish Republican Army, Baki Homeland and Freedom, Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia and others. Al-Qaeda requires special attention. Recently, representatives of a number of sciences (law, medicine, psychology, political science) have begun to devote significant attention to the study of the personality (image, appearance, portrait) of a terrorist. There are several reasons for this interest. This is the increase in the number of terrorist attacks and their scale. The need to develop a negative attitude in society and ways to counter terrorism and terrorists. And most importantly, the complexity of the nature and causes of terrorism, which causes ambiguous, sometimes opposing, judgments of scientists and experts when characterizing the personality of terrorists, the motives and incentives of their individual and group behavior. The famous criminologist Academician V. Kudryavtsev defines three types of terrorists: extremist politicians, religious fanatics who are recruited from among illiterate people, and psychopathic individuals. The latter become suicide bombers. IN modern conditions the danger of committing acts of “technological terrorism” is increasing, which means the use or threat of use of nuclear, chemical and bacteriological weapons, radioactive or highly toxic chemical and biological substances. Information or electronic (computer) terrorism is potentially very dangerous, since modern society, including defense, the activities of intelligence services and law enforcement agencies, banking, and transport are becoming largely dependent on electronic databases and transmitted information. Some of the main factors contributing to the involvement of large groups of the population in terrorist organizations include: persecution of participants in movements for independence, cultural identity or religious freedom; connivance and rejection of timely measures against extremist manifestations; lack of targeted religious and national-cultural policies that take into account the characteristics and specifics of a particular ethnic group; extremism artificially incited by national and religious leaders, criminal elements, as well as foreign intelligence services in order to undermine the power of the state; the absence of their own public organizations in a number of social groups, which is why they do not have the opportunity to participate to a sufficient extent in political life society. Events last days on the territory of the Moscow region (severe beating by students of educational institutions, resulting in the death of a 50-year-old citizen of Tajikistan in the Orekhovo-Zuevsky district; severe knife wounds of a schoolboy, a native of one of the republics of the North Caucasus in the city of Dolgoprudny, inflicted by students; detention by internal affairs bodies of the city of Moscow students of the state educational institution of secondary vocational education of the Moscow region "Balashikha Industrial and Economic College", participants in an unauthorized rally) indicate some destructive processes launched among young people. There is a need for an effective system of educating citizens, including students and their parents, on the dangers, scale of extremism, terrorism and its ideology. The ideology of extremism and terrorism is the core that not only unites people into an organization of like-minded people, but also justifies terrorist activities by creating and cultivating in a terrorist organization a kind of “ideological surrogate hodgepodge”, in which value orientations recognized in society, concepts of justice and honor are replaced . The features of terrorist ideology are: peremptory nature; increased aggressiveness; a rigid division of people into “us” and “strangers”, “bad” and “good”; representation of reality in black and white colors. The basis of terrorist ideology is nationalism, clericalism, separatism, religious fanaticism - as a manifestation of extremism. Prevention and neutralization of the ideology of extremism requires raising the moral bar regarding what is acceptable in society and what is not, when it comes to the ethnic or religious background of citizens. In connection with the above, it is necessary in educational institutions to intensify educational, including preventive, activities in the following areas: identifying (if possible) together with law enforcement agencies the facts of involvement in the centers of ideological support and support of terrorist, extremist and separatist movements; improving the quality of education, creating conditions for the development of traditional and original culture; strengthening propaganda work, explaining the essence of anti-terrorism ideas, strengthening in the minds of students and students the understanding that potential victims will not be individuals or groups, but the majority of citizens; ensuring a system of measures aimed at condemning extremist ideology and practice, terrorism, violence in the media, and strengthening counter-propaganda; creation of an effective education system regarding cultural and religious diversity, historical unity of the country's inhabitants, the history of religious intolerance, genocide and other crimes caused by extremism and terrorism; providing systems of measures aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the functioning of protective mechanisms in the sphere of morality. Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution higher professional education "SOUTH FEDERAL UNIVERSITY" Lectures for individual propaganda activities, selected samples of propaganda materials Rostov-on-Don 2010 Lecture “Prevention of extremism and terrorism among youth” Lecture “The role of creativity for the formation of anti-extremist multi-confessional and cultural values” Sample propaganda material “Designing a psychologically safe, tolerant educational environment in multi-ethno-confessional regions" Lecture “Youth subcultures and anti-extremist consciousness” Lecture “Psychological practice of forming anti-terrorist values ​​in the family” Sample of propaganda material “Plan-development of a lesson on life safety (grade 11)”-1 Sample of propaganda material “Plan-development of a lesson on life safety (grade 11)”-2 Section 1. Lecture “Prevention of extremism and terrorism among youth” Target group: middle and lower level managers of regional authorities, local governments and the ATK apparatus Extremism and terrorism: basic concepts and definitions. Extremism and terrorism as forms destructive behavior youth. Types of extremism. Ways to combat and prevent extremism and terrorism among young people. Peculiarities psychological assistance youth at risk. Questions and tasks for independent work Adolescents and youth, as the most socially vulnerable group of the population, are the most active participants in conflicts and various kinds of destructive organizations, including extremist ones. The tendency towards extremism of the modern young generation of Russia is real and therefore requires close attention and study. Modern youth are faced with great changes, great uncertainty and the unknown, which in turn increases their anxiety for their future and gives them a desire to relieve this anxiety, unfortunately not always in constructive ways. Behavior is called destructive, which does not conform to norms and roles and is aimed at radical rejection of alternative points of view. At the same time, some scientists prefer to use expectations (expectations) of the corresponding behavior as a reference point (“norm”), while others prefer to use attitudes (standards, samples) of behavior. Some believe that not only actions, but also ideas (views) can be destructive. Forms of destructive behavior include extremism, terrorism and other deviations from normative behavior. According to scientists, extremism and terrorism are links in a chain of interrelated concepts: radicalism – extremism – fanaticism – terrorism. Radicalism(from Latin radix - root) denotes the desire to bring a political or other opinion to its final logical and practical conclusions, without making any compromises. Extremism(from Latin extremus - extreme) is translated as commitment to extreme views and radical measures. Fanaticism(from Lat. fanum - altar) - a firm and non-alternative commitment of an individual to certain ideas and beliefs, which does not recognize any arguments, which to a decisive extent determines almost any of its activity and evaluative attitude towards the world around it. Terrorism is considered as the use of violence or the threat of its use against individuals, groups of individuals or various objects in order to achieve political, economic, ideological and other results beneficial to terrorists. Terrorism– This is an extreme form of extremism. According to a number of scientists, manifestations of extremism among young people have now become more dangerous for society than in all previous periods of the existence of the state. Extremism among youth has become widespread in our country a mass phenomenon. Question to the audience: What do you think is the reason for this? What are the reasons for the spread of youth extremism and terrorism? It is young people who represent a risk group prone to aggressive extremist actions. Due to their age, young people are characterized by such psychological characteristics as maximalism and nihilism, radicalism and intolerance, recklessness and intransigence, a tendency towards groupism, ideological instability and failures in the search for self-identity, which, under certain living conditions and the presence of a nurturing environment, can act as a trigger their antisocial activity. The complexity of the situation in which modern Russian youth find themselves is determined by the fact that in a society of socio-economic instability, high risk potential, the problem of social self-determination, the choice of one or another identification strategy in the process social integration representatives of youth occurs in conditions of a crisis of sociocultural identity. “Extremism and terrorism,” note L. Drobizheva and E. Pain, “cannot be compared with a virus that humanity picked up from somewhere. This is his internal illness, generated mainly by disharmonious development in social, political and cultural areas" Researchers identify five main sources of terrorism and extremism: Firstly, terrorism and extremism manifest themselves in societies that have embarked on the path of transformations, drastic social changes or modern societies postmodern with a pronounced polarization of the population along ethnosocial lines. Marginal and immobile groups of the population become participants in terrorist actions. Secondly, social contrasts, a sharp stratification of society into poor and rich, and not just poverty or a low level of socio-economic status provoke aggression and create the ground for terrorism. Third, manifestations of extremism are growing in initial periods social modernization. At the final stages of successful changes, manifestations of extremism and terrorism decline sharply. Fourthly, unfinished urbanization, specific forms industrialization, changes in the ethno-demographic structure of society, especially unregulated migration, give rise to extremism and intolerance in society. Fifthly, The predominance of authoritarian political regimes plays an important role in the spread of ethnic and religious extremism and terrorism in the Islamic world. They provoke violence as a form of resolving political contradictions and give it the character of a cultural norm. Question to the audience: How does it change modern terrorism, what are the trends of these changes? Extremism and one of its most dangerous forms - terrorism - are rapidly changing, mutating, and mastering increasingly destructive methods. Subjects of extremist activity have already overcome the moral framework that previously restrained the scope and scale of extremism and have essentially turned into pragmatic businessmen. If earlier speech was about the so-called “sacrificial” terrorism (without criminal impurities), now more and more people are talking about the economic basis of extremism and terrorism. This is confirmed by video recordings of the terrorist acts themselves and their consequences, which essentially represent nothing more than a report to the customer for the funds provided. On the territory of modern Russia, up to 80 international extremist groups are carrying out illegal activities, promoting extremely radical Islamic ideology. Militant radical Islam penetrates into Russia mainly through individuals who have been trained in certain Arab countries, where Wahhabism and other orthodox movements in religion have received and are receiving state support. These problems manifested themselves most acutely in the North Caucasus, the most ethnically and religiously complex region of the Russian Federation. Political processes also pose a tangible and obvious threat to national security, which includes the tendency to erode the country’s unified legal space by local rule-making, encouraged by a certain part of the regional elites, which stimulates separatist sentiments and disrespect for federal legislation, human rights and freedoms, and individual nations. Identification of an ethnic, clan-tribal group requires the creation of common irrational myths, due to which the emotional unification of group members occurs. Today, youth extremism is expressed in disdain for the rules of behavior in force in society, for the law in general, and the emergence of informal youth associations of an illegal nature. Extremists are intolerant of those Russian citizens who belong to other social groups, ethnic groups and adhere to other political, legal, economic, moral, aesthetic and religious ideas. The development of youth extremism is evidence of insufficient social adaptation of young people, the development of asocial attitudes in their consciousness, causing illegal patterns of their behavior. The trend of drawing young people into extremist activities is largely due to the insufficiently effective implementation of state youth policy. As a result, some young people fall under the influence of ideological attitudes that are alien to us, which in some cases leads to the perception of government bodies as an enemy rather than a partner. Question to the audience : What types of extremism do you know? Political extremism– ideology and practice of using extreme illegitimate, often violent methods and means of political struggle. Extremist ideology is based on views about the exclusive mission of a particular social community (class, nation, race, confession, etc.) in the destinies of the country and humanity as a whole, the rationale and justification for the admissibility of using any means to realize its interests In recent years, a particular danger to the integrity of Russia has been posed by national extremism– commitment to extreme views and methods in the theory and practice of interethnic relations. Its supporters, speaking from the position of defending the interests and rights of one nation, openly and defiantly trample on the rights of other peoples. Their ideology is militant nationalism and chauvinism, their policy is ethnic violence in one form or another. It is no coincidence that in Russia’s National Security Concept, countering extremism is included in its national interests. In order to implement this Concept, a number of specific legal and criminological measures have been taken in recent years. Among them: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the federal target program “Formation of attitudes of tolerant consciousness and prevention of extremism in Russian society (2001-2005)” dated August 25, 2001, federal laws“On countering extremist activities”, “On introducing amendments and additions to legislative acts of the Russian Federation in connection with the adoption of the Federal Law “On Countering Extremist Activities”” dated July 25, 2002, as well as “On Countering Terrorism” dated March 6, 2006 . and a number of others. National (ethnic) extremism is one of the most common types of extremism in the 21st century, which is understandable - ethnic nationalism has enormous power and unpredictability, and ethnic conflicts have become a real problem for many countries and regions. They are based on the contradiction between the recognition of the natural right of peoples to determine their destiny and the principle of national unity and territorial integrity of the state. From a purely doctrinal point of view, ethnonationalism denies the priority of universal human values ​​and considers its ethno-nation to be the highest value. The goal of ethnic extremism is to forge ethnic self-identification, to defend and expand the rights of an ethnic group in the political sphere. When extremists, by violently asserting ethnicity, draw government fire, it draws attention to the group and allows them to appear in the role of victim, which further increases public interest and, in some cases, provides finance and support. Violence is the raison d'être for such groups. As long as it is implemented, the idea is alive, and identity and the existence of ethnic differences cannot be denied. The ultimate goal of the nationalists is to create a self-sufficient independent public education, in which they claim political power. Note that religious extremism began to crowd out the political and ethnic in the last two decades of the twentieth century. “Religious extremism, which has become widespread in a number of regions and countries, manifests itself in intolerance towards representatives of different faiths or violent confrontation within the same faith (for example, Muslim and Christian communities in Lebanon and Sudan, Muslim fundamentalism). Often, religious extremism is used for political purposes in the struggle of religious organizations against a secular state or for the establishment of government representatives of one of the faiths (the Muslim Brotherhood movement in Egypt and other countries of the Middle East). Question to the audience : What methods of combating and preventing extremism and terrorism used in modern Russia do you know? As we see, extremism has many faces and diversity. Let us consider the main stages of its origin, manifestation and legislative opposition in Russia. The revival of extremism and terrorism in Russia occurred in the early 1990s. The reason for this was the crisis in the economic, social and political spheres states former USSR. The social disorganization of citizens and the large wealth stratification of the population have led to the fact that society has ceased to function as a single organism, united by common goals, ideas, and common values. Social tension grew, and groups emerged seeking to change the established order, including through violent methods. Only the lazy did not compare the country of Russia, formed after the collapse of the USSR, with Weimar Germany. The situation of the Germans living in the seized areas was unlikely to be better than that, which included the “Russian-speaking” population of the former national outskirts of the USSR. Groups of monarchists and Cossacks appeared in Russia. On July 14, 2006, the Federation Council approved the Federal Law “On Amendments to Articles 1 and 15 of the Federal Law “On Combating Extremist Activities.” The main innovations of this law are related to the definition of new socially dangerous acts as signs of extremist activity. But, as law enforcement practice has shown, these changes were not enough to effectively counter extremism, therefore, on July 24, 2007, Federal Law No. 211 - Federal Law “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Improvement of government controlled in the field of countering extremism." It must be stated that solving the problems of extremism solely by law enforcement agencies is impossible. This task requires a whole complex of organizational, legal, preventive, educational activities, improving interaction between government bodies and public organizations, which, in our opinion, include the following: 1. The priority in the fight against extremism should be elimination of causes and conditions that contribute to deviant behavior. According to the survey we conducted, the following were named as the main reasons for extremism in society: socio-economic problems of the post-Soviet period (74%), incorrect state policy in the field of religious processes (3.4%), deformation of traditional spiritual values ​​of society (6. 3%), ethnic strife (1.2%), contradictions between Christianity and Islam (1.2%). Of great importance in curbing youth extremism is the implementation of the provisions of the Federal Law of June 24, 1999 No. 120-FZ “On the fundamentals of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency” (as amended on December 1, 2004). This law regulates the activities of such executive authorities as commissions for the affairs of minors and the protection of their rights, management bodies for social protection of the population and social service institutions, specialized institutions for minors in need of social rehabilitation, education authorities and educational institutions, guardianship and trusteeship authorities, employment services, internal affairs bodies. However, their work is not coordinated, which has an extremely negative impact on the final results of their counteraction to the antisocial attitudes of the younger generation, including their extremist component. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine which state executive body and by what means will coordinate the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency of all organizations related to this area of ​​activity, and to make the necessary changes to the federal law under consideration. At the moment, the measures taken to work with minors who have been released from criminal liability, received suspended sentences, and are serving sentences in juvenile correctional facilities remain insufficiently effective. Many of these children are unable to find their place in society without the help of government agencies. Sending them to study, work and providing housing is the minimum that the state should do for its minor citizens. 2. An important aspect in the prevention of youth extremism is the formation of a strategy at the federal level state youth policy. The state in our difficult socio-economic situation has many problems and the state is trying to free itself from a number of obligations or responsibilities. But the implementation of state youth policy is one of those responsibilities that cannot be freed from. Effective state youth policy is, in our opinion, one of the most important tools for developing an active citizenship among the younger generation, nurturing social initiative, a sense of patriotism and pride in their country. Currently, some work in this direction is, of course, underway. Thus, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted Decree No. 795 dated July 12, 1999 (as amended on June 26, 2000) “Issues of the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Youth Policy”; Government Resolution No. 387 dated April 3, 1996 (as amended on August 3, 1996) “On additional measures to support youth in the Russian Federation"; Resolution of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated June 3, 1993 No. 5090-1 “On the main directions of state youth policy in the Russian Federation”; federal laws “On state support of youth and children's public associations” were developed (No. 98-FZ dated June 28, 1995, as amended March 21, 2002, No. 31-FZ); There are various programs for patriotic education youth, Federal target programs: “Formation of attitudes of tolerant consciousness and prevention of extremism in Russian society (2001-2005)”, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 25, 2001 No. 629); “Youth of Russia (2001-2005) (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2000 No. 10015); “Children of migrants” (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 25, 2000 No. 625); with the assistance of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council, UNESCO, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the World Health Organization program operates Charitable Foundation"Children and youth against terrorism and extremism." The disadvantage of all the above acts is their abstractness, ignoring the ethnocultural and civilizational specifics of Russia and its regions. In domestic practice, an optimal holistic state youth policy has not been developed, there is no comprehensive program for the development of the younger generation, its integration into the social life of Russian society, and technologies for the prevention of negative phenomena through socio-cultural activities have not been systematized. The emergence of ever new subcultural youth organizations of an asocial orientation is an unconditional relapse caused by the lack of adaptation to modern socio-cultural and economic conditions programs to prevent extremist sentiments among the younger generation. An analysis of existing programs to counter manifestations of extremism allows us to state the one-sidedness of coverage of the problem, the insufficient development of a program of preventive measures that takes into account the psychological and socio-cultural characteristics of asocial youth groups with an extremist orientation. In modern Russia there is no clear ideology for working with youth. And this, of course, affects the education and development of the younger generation. We are afraid of the word “ideology,” but Russia’s ideology is very simple: we are a multinational state and a community of nations. This is the national idea. Extremely important, in our opinion, is the development of the ideology of interethnic harmony, friendship and cooperation of the peoples of the ethnic group, the search for a national idea that consolidates Russian society, uniting all the peoples of the multinational Russian state, caring and respectful attitude towards the culture of each people. Question to the audience : What methods of preventing extremism and terrorism exist in modern socio-political and psychological-pedagogical practices? Today the world is at a new stage of civilization and therefore the worldview is changing very cruelly for millions of people of entire countries and peoples who have no place in the new changing world. Therefore, terrorism today must be viewed as a product of globalization, as its natural reflection. Globalization theorists say that this is a series of empirically recorded changes, heterogeneous, but united by the logic of transforming the world into a single whole according to the formula: “global interdependence plus global consciousness.” Today, everyone has indeed become dependent on everyone, but the modification of global consciousness has been limited only to the perception of global changes in the information society, anthropocosmism, experiments in biotic regulation, the creation of artificial microbiospheres, the materialization of electronic-cybernetic civilization, the influence of biopolitics, experiments in autotrophication, cyborgization, ecogeism , coevolution, etc. Globalization theorists missed a deeper layer of consciousness, regarding which the war began, one of the participants in which, world terrorism, is not recognized as a belligerent. A change in consciousness under the pressure of global changes in the world is: the perception of the impossible - possible, the incredible - probable, the unacceptable - acceptable, the unreal - real. Globalization produces a whole system of changes in inner world person. It changes a person’s World Picture, his World Outlook, his Life Position and his Lifestyle. This means that it changes the person himself - his consciousness. Picture of the world, Worldview, Life position, Lifestyle - these are the constants of the psychological system of protecting a person from the dangers of life, which, like a spacesuit, protects a diver when descending under water. A “breakthrough” of these constants of consciousness is dangerous, like a breakthrough in a diver’s diving suit, and a person intuitively understands this. Naturally, a struggle ensued around these very changes, one of the manifestations of which is terrorism. In other words, the struggle is not for territory, not for resources, not for economic positions, but for the content of consciousness. In the meantime, the worldview, worldview, way of life, and life position of the terrorist and anti-terrorist forces are incompatible, because this is complex systemic work and it is easier to use weapons for coercion than intelligence for proof. prevention of ideology terrorism And extremism ... Social project “information and psychological counteraction to terrorism” Document Concepts " extremism" And " terrorism". 17. Factors contributing to the emergence and growth extremism And terrorism V youthenvironment. 18. Areas of social preventionterrorism V youthenvironment. 19 ... Activities for the implementation of the comprehensive municipal target program “Safe Pyatigorsk 2012 - 2015” Program 4.11 Development methodological recommendations By preventionextremism And terrorism V youthenvironment MU "Public Security Administration... for a wide range of youth and adolescents: lectures, seminars, round tables, conversations, etc. ... International human rights movement “a world without Nazism” monitoring monitoring of the social basis for the revival of Nazi sentiments of xenophobia and extremism (5) Document Problems of counteraction extremism And terrorism V youthenvironment, formation... preventionterrorism And extremism". At the conference it was noted that the overall situation in terms of counteraction extremism And terrorism... passed lecture“Stepan... 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