If you speak about egoism as an personality, it grows it from such a thing as the ego. The ego is the ability of the individual to separate himself from the world and oppose himself, that is, to constantly compare and evaluate. Egoism is working in the interests of the person, it is its inalienable quality, as it helps to self-effect and act independently, showing will and character. Usually, the term "egoism" is not related to too positive feedback, however, in psychology, egoism is considered the useful human property. During certain limits, of course.

Egoism as a character trait constantly pulls the blanket for himself. He fights for the ego to which he belongs to easily satisfy all his desires. Any resistance, obstacle or inability to get the desired provoke anger and outrage, which are from the point of view of the egoist, quite reasonable.

The sphere of spread of selfishness of a separate person is well distinguishable on the example of different types of society. We take such groups as a human society, a wolf pack and bee swarm. Each individual member of his society is aware of belonging to him, but in different ways determines its role and roles of those surrounding his fellows. In the bee family, everything is subordinate to the interests of the Queen, as it is the key to the existence of Roy. Private bees work on conscience and die without regret, without showing any egoism; For them, the execution of their debt is the meaning of life, and no one has thought to avoid responsibilities. The queen of the same day is engaged in the reproduction of offspring and concern about the well-being of the colony. At the level of a particular member of this society, egoism does not exist in principle. But it manifests itself at the level of the whole society, when the swarm, attacked by the outside, begins to defend, acting as a whole.

In wolves, each wolf in the flock has its own position and status - from the leader to the outsider. And they regularly confirm their status, moving up the hierarchy or losing position. Everyone wants to take a place in front of his rivals in other tribesmen, but no wolf wants to become loner. The leader himself is not for them, since even the leader realizes that one in the forest is not survived. Thus, although each member of the pack is individual and has personal egoism, he is forced to humble it before the needs of the whole group. With weak, embankment or strangers we are growing ruthlessly and quickly, considering them a dangerous burden.

In human society, which has a mind and spirituality, in contrast to the beser, the norms of morality are valid. IN modern world The law prohibits the destroying of incapacitated citizens, disabled people, old people, and also move along a hierarchical staircase using absolutely any methods and tools. All people feel their belonging to a variety of groups - family, the working team, the state, political flow, religion, public organization, etc. - and everywhere a person aware of his individuality, has certain personal aspirations, wants to acquire one or another benefit from the activities in the group . Each person is selfish. At the same time, the community of people equal to among themselves can exercise group egoism by acting together on behalf of the entire group, for example, as under national conflicts. Here people already forget about personal egoism, taking care of the benefits of the group. A distinctive feature of human society is the ability to infringe not only personal egoism in favor of the group, but also the ability of the group to come from their interests for the sake of benefit on a wider scale. An example is the cooperation of states before the threat of terrorism or the conclusion of the truce between the warring clans before the overall danger. Man with egoism at a level of a separate person and any social GroupAlso aware of its belonging to the human race, to a living attitude, inhabiting the planet, and is able to pacify selfishness if necessary - from individual to interstate and even interspecific. Introduction of quotas for hunting and fisheries, cutting down of forests and emissions of pollutants are not beneficial politically and economically, but it helps to keep the world And makes it possible to avoid destruction to all living things.

Types of egoism

As already written above, egoism can be individual and group. He can also be hidden and clear. If, with explicit egoism, a person declares: "I am a star, I demand admiration and subordination," then with hidden egoism, a person is trying to put others in a dependent position with pity: "I am a victim, I suffer! Who does not support me and does not bring me relief, that disgusting executioner, worthy of universal censure. " Often, children, simulating hysterics, physically weakened and unhealthy old people, as well as those who avoid serious responsibility are used. Hidden egoism, as a rule, does not cause response aggression and the desire to resist someone else's pressure, so such "victims" very skillfully manipulate others in their own interests.

F. Lersta allocated such types of egoism:

  • self-defense;
  • maintaining the standard of living;
  • self-affirmation.

Egoism of self-defense - the main instinct. Even the most calm and pupil people Can turn into distraught savages when the danger will arise for their lives. It is clearly visible in extreme situations when the crowd runs to the exit, and everyone is on its way.

In the "Theory of Justice" J. Rose describes the egoism of such species:

  1. "Everyone must me," where members of the Company serve the interests of a separate personality.
  2. "I never owe anything to anyone," where someone, acting in his own interests, is not considered any public standards and prohibitions.
  3. "No one owes anything to anyone," where everyone acts in personal interests, without recognizing any rules or restrictions.

Post-tramatic egoism appears when after transferred injury or the injuries received, a person realizes that it has become less productive and valuable in any area, but it does not want to accept it.

Psychologists also distinguish the age-related egoism associated with the phases of the formation of the personality.

Intellectual egoism implies that some other fanatically adheres to his ideas, considering them the most truth. He refuses to listen to others and does not accept other points of view and concepts. With such egoism, a person closes on his ideas, existing as it were in a separate world.

Allocate female and male egoism. The difference between them is that a man considers: "I am super, and I have no matter to the rest," the woman thinks: "I am super, and everyone should be concerned about." IN modern societyUnfortunately, such egoism is encouraged. If a century ago, the roles of men and women were considered in the context of family relations, in relationships and complementance (but not separately), now the culture of the preservation of a strong family and long-term relationships deliberately shads, if not destroyed. A successful man is positioned not as the head of the family and support, reliable and skillful householders, but as a self-sufficient, independent, not burdened by any obligations. A woman more prestigious sees the role of a business woman, a fatal beauty, even a banal content, but in any case a distant from family life. The presence of children, which in traditional cultures was considered an indicator of the success of relations, is now being considered by the factor complicating life. When the couple decides to bring up a child, both agree to devote a significant part of their lives to this process, that is, they refuse part of their egoistic plans in favor of care for offspring. Modern young people prefer to "live for themselves", and those who still have a child are unlikely to be consciously sacrificing personal time, by the forces and energy for his upbringing.

Special view of egoism - altruistic. Altruistic egoism implies the mutualization of the expectations of the individual and society. For example, someone can give another right to their property, as it does not want to contain and take care of him, although continues to use it. Altruistic egoist can give up a good colleague position, as it does not want to recycle once again, to dangle on business trips and report before the bosses. He can accept someone else's point of view or a risky plan just because he wishes to preserve his professional reputation and does not end up responding to missions and breakdowns. He can also, on the contrary, take on any responsibility from which others refused only in order to test their own guesses or experience a new theory. Altruistic selfishness causes a person to keep something that is important only for him, to which they do not claim to be surrounding, and it does not imagine the fact that, according to an altruistic egoist, it does not represent values, but it is quite useful to others. As a rule, altruistic egoers - people of non-standard views, creative personalities, idealists, even white crows. Their selfishness does not apply to those areas in which ordinary egoists are boiled; For them, self-esteem is more important than the assessment of society, and the desired material values \u200b\u200bcan acquire the most unexpected embodiment (for example, ancient things purchased in the flea market, or a collection of thematic magazines).

Reasonable egoism. This happens?

There is also the concept of a reasonable egoism that came back from the ancient thinkers. Briefly about him already mentioned. Reasonable egoism misses the cooperation of the personality and society through the foundation in the mutual claims of the golden middle. It is the fact that a person is intelligent, gives him to understand the benefits of belonging to the group and identifying the success of the group with its own. N. G. Chernyshevsky, developing the theory of rational egoism in his work, emphasized that the happiness of one individual is impossible without well-being of the whole society in which he is located.

Another concept close to egoism is egocentrism. Between them there is a great difference, although sometimes they are confused. Egoism is somehow based on the interaction of personality and society. Egoist, comparing himself and others, feels his superiority; Comparing his successes with strangers, feels more successful and talented, and listening to someone else's opinion, looking for flaws and weaknesses in favor of their judgment. Egoctricant in the company does not need, he is asocial and self-sufficient. For him, there are no other people like him, that is, having similar needs, who know how to do something or have some kind of opinion and knowledge. Egocentric one in his universe, the rest of people for him - scenery and tools to achieve their own goals. If the egoist sees others and recognizes their existence, then the egocentric knows only one animal and reasonable creature in the world. In essence, egocentrism is no longer a character trait, but a mental violation.


Egoism of geniuses

The special kind of egoism is a professional, expressed in the desire of superiority only in a particular field of activity; He is inherent in people who dedicated themselves to a certain occupation. These workaholics and fanatics of their business, ready to readily donate to all the others for the sake of his beloved classes. In case of explicit success, such egoism is often poured into the "star disease". The main indicator of the presence of the egoism of this type is the inability to recognize the defeat, envy to those who are more successful, and absolute confidence in their superiority. Of course, there are many gifted people in the world, even geniuses, but some retain themselves a relaxed atmosphere, and others, by egoism, are blinded by their own greatness. Here are some diverse examples of ingenious personalities from history.

Leonardo da Vinci For example, it was hidden to the extreme: he did not sign his works, leaving only identification signs. He did not recognize any authorities and was absolutely confident in his capabilities. In communication was cheerful, the wit, eloquent, loved to speak riddles and metaphors, although she preferred loneliness. For the passion of comrades, all sorts of mechanisms in the form of animals and birds, which moved and sang were often invented.

Albert Einstein According to eyewitnesses, he was smugly cheerful. He did not tolerate when someone had a sadness nearby, did not take seriously the failure and was not upset of trifles, he joked a lot, considering humor medicine against all the troubles. I did not endure lies, injustice and violence, considering the most disgusting word in the German language the word Zwang - coercion. The scientist believed that only the maniac was obsessed with one thought can achieve true success, so in ordinary life he was calm to the extreme. Einstein was not blinded with his successes and allowed that it could be mistaken. The doctor of the scientist recalled that Albert could not stand to pose for artists, but if some of them said that the portrait will help him cope with the need, Einstein immediately agreed. Albert Einstein was a humanist, pacifist and yarn anti-fascist.

Mikhailo Lomonosov Being an outcomes from the peasant class, until the end of his days remained, according to eyewitnesses, a man's and straightforward man. Being at the courtyard, he did not join the imperial retinue, as he did not know how to hypocrite and intrigue, who directly expressing a person in his face everything he thinks of what he often suffered from. Very sharply experienced injustice, observing how they show off the awards of people, absolutely not deserve them, and those who have talent remain not in demand due to personal dislike or due to low origin. In the nature, he was hidden and unassinated, even a miniature, hardly started acquainted, but had a fighting character, passionately and boldly speaking against those whom he considered his enemies.

Mikhail Kutuzov It was from nature surprisingly developed caution and trick. Close and surrounding often reproached him in slowness and even cowardice, although in fact, a detailed multi-part calculation was hidden under the mask of calmness, complacent and slow. Kutuzov's cunning had no banal utilitarian, but rather artistic character. I could not bear someone else's councils, but never spent the forces on disputes, thanks to which I could preserve normal relations with almost everyone. In a circle of loved ones and friends, it was sensitive, even sentimental, but there were no pity for foreign invaders, showing amazing resistance and courage on the battlefield. He was also categorically against the blood sheds of the Russian soldier in the name of the liberation of Europe.

Napoleon Bonaparte According to eyewitness testimony, since childhood was ambitious, self-heeled and painfully proud, preferred privacy. There was even a case at school, when he wanted to be punished, but this was so worked on his pride, that a nervous fit had a nervous fountain, because of which the punishment had to cancel. In school, the boy was distinguished by love for labor, with early age Showing phenomenal memory for numbers and topography, but teacher german language I considered the Bonaparte "Perfect Doodle." It is also noticed that this man was extremely strict to himself and others, in case of mistakes to the subordinate was cutting and rude in statements. Before the painful was impressive and quick-tempered, easily fell into anger. There is an amazing description of the Personality of Napoleon from his contemporary Madame de Stelle: "I saw him for the first time when he was returning to France after the Camporation. When I recovered somewhat from a feeling of embarrassed surprise, I clearly felt a feeling of fear. However, he did not have any power, he even threatened the dark suspicions of the directory, looked at him more likely, with benevolent preventing, so the feeling of fear, which he inspired, was rather the result of the special influence of his personality almost all who approached him . I saw people very decent respect, also saw people cruel, but in the impression that Bonaparte produced me, there was nothing that could remind me of those or others. I noticed pretty soon, in various cases, when I met him during your stay in Paris, that his character could not be determined by the words we used to use: he was neither kind nor evil, neither meek nor cruel in an ordinary sense. A similar creature that does not have an equal one was more than an ordinary person, his figure, his mind, his tongue is carrying a stranger to himself to print ... Instead of a peaceful relationship, with more frequent meetings with Bonaparte, the feeling of timidity in me came up with each time. I vaguely felt that no heart movement could act on him. He looks at a human being, as a phenomenon or thing, and not like a similar one; All others are numbers for him. The power of his will lies in the impatimous calculation of his egoism, it is a dexted player for whom the human race is an opponent and which he tries to make Shah and Mat ... Whenever I heard him speaking, I was amazed by his superiority. Superiority It did not have anything in common with the superiority of people educated and cultural with the assistance of science and society, which examples can be exposed to France and England. His speeches discovered knowledge and ability to evaluate circumstances, just like the hunter knows his game. In his soul, it was felt cold, the sharp sword, which wounded and leaseed, in his mind I felt deep irony, from the influence of which nothing could slip away - neither the great nor beautiful, nor even his own glory, as he despised a nation, applauses which sought. He did not stop before the means, nor before the purpose of involuntary he did not have in good or bad. For him, there was no law nor the rule, perfect and abstract, he looked at things only from the point of view of their immediate utility, general principle He was annoyed as stupidity as an enemy. Severe or heard contemporaries in it, a dismissed speech, short decisive gestures, interrogative, imperative and absolute tone, and you will understand how everyone, only come with him in contact, feel the powerful hand, which goes down on them, squeezes them, oppresses and Does not release. " Despite this description, Bonaparte is very sincere and loved his family very much, caring for relatives throughout his life. He loved the children very much - his own and nephews, - tooling with them at breakfast so that the Stats Lama attached to children came to horror.

James Cameron , the legendary film director, the nicknamed Iron Jim has a difficult character. The actors celebrate his dictatorial approach, uncompromising and explosive temperament, the tendency to risk health, and both the health of the actors and their own. During work, he keeps her arms under hand, which nailed to the door not turned off mobile phones of the shooting group members. Often brings to hysterics actresses. There is even a gossip that the director suffers to the split personality, since this person is free from work - the soul of the company, but it is to sit in the director's chair - the cruel tyrant is getting out. On the shooting platform, he requires unquestioned subordination and often flows into anger. For the religion of Cameron atheist. To the question of whom he would like to meet from those people who ever lived on Earth, he replied: "With Jesus Christ. Just to understand how it all happened, as he inspired this idea to such a number of people. "

Nikola Tesla , nicknamed Lastnight, had a genius of special properties. As a child, he read a lot at night, setting the purpose of becoming a "creature top order", Developed his willpower, often aroused himself until the banner and flowing into the trance. Tesla had many oddities and phobias, he was touching. Scientist refused to take Nobel Prizeawarded to him together with T. Edison, considering that deceit and the main loan alternating current, for the use of which he so told himself. He always wanted good, but created inventions that could destroy the world. He collaborated with many countries in the field of arms production, believing that it is impossible to give the latest weapons only one of the parties, which will affect the imbalance of forces. For this governments did not love him. Many people know that the inventor was a commitment to Evgenika - the concept of universal breeding, "considering that people with physical and mental deviations should not have offspring, so as not to ruin the genuophond nation. He even advanced the idea of \u200b\u200bthe forced sterilization of such patients. Here are some scientist statements:

  • « Be alone, there is a secret secret; Be alone, ideas are born only in it. Most people are so absorbed by the outside world that they absolutely do not notice what is happening inside them.».
  • « Our shortcomings and our virtues are inseparable, as power and matter. If they are divided - a person no longer exists».
  • « The battles between people, in the same way as the battles of governments and nations, are invariably the result of misunderstanding in the widest interpretation of this term. Misunderstandings are always caused by the inability to appreciate and respect another point of view.».
  • "It is not the love that you get, and that that gives".
  • « Each living creature is an engine that drives the working wheels of the universe. Although it seemed to affect only his immediate surroundings, the sphere of external influence extends to infinity of the distance. "
  • "Money does not pose such value, what kind of people do it. All my money was invested in experiments with which I made new discoveries that could make human life a little easier. "
  • "When we talk about a person, we mean the concept of humanity in general. Before applying scientific methods Studies of his movement in general, we must take it as a physical fact. But can anyone doubt today that millions of individuals countless types and characters make up one organism, a whole? Although everyone has the freedom to think and act, we are fastened together as the stars in the heavenly arch, we are associated indefically. These links cannot be seen, but we can feel them. For centuries, this idea was proclaimed in the virtuoso wise teachings of religion, perhaps not as the only means to ensure peace and harmony among people, but as a deep main truth. Buddhism expresses it in one way, Christianity - to others, but both religions speak the same: we are all united. Moreover, this one human being lives and will continue its existence. The person is short-lived, races and nation disappear, but a person remains. This is a deep distinction between a private personality and».

All talented people are selfish at least because they try to protect their right to favorite activities, the right to do it as it is more convenient. Obviously, the more like a man, the more strange and incomprehensible it seems to be surrounding, the more unusual habits, strange hobbies and hobbies, even phobias and dependencies. How deep the selfishness of the gifted personality can be judged only in every particular case, but often we are ready to forgive true geniuses even the most prominent egoism in exchange for the amazing fruits of their talent.

Age egoism

All people by nature are egoists in varying degrees, however, at each age stage, human selfish person appears a little differently. Depending on the age, selfishness is children, adolescent, mature, postzral and senile. The psychologist Eric Erickson allocated an as much as eight stages in his writings, on which the main character traits are formed, positive or negative.

Children's egoism is the most obvious and most natural. Children are selfish not because they want the whole world to rotate around them, they simply perceive the reality so much. The realization that surrounding people are the same feeling and understanding creatures that have their desires and views, comes to the child not immediately, it largely depends on the upbringing. Children spoiled by the parental caress and universal indulgence, do not develop their original egoism, carrying him in adulthood and facing big challenges. If the child is constantly taking, convince that he is "the most, unusual, exceptional, gifted, etc.", he will believe in it as in dogma, and in relation to the rest will feel elected.

The second version of the emergence of egoism in children is an excessive guardianship and indulgence of whims. When adults are doing everything for the child, they give it everything first requirement, then the baby also accepts the rules of the game, realizing that it is supposed. He does not study anything, but only demands. When, having matured and hitting another Wednesday, he faces a refusal or a statement: "You are an egoist, you live only for yourself," it is perplexed: after all, it was only a fellow parents and other relatives that they only did that they lived for him. So what's wrong?

From early childhood, before the adolescence, it is important to push the child to act in the group, to have comrades, communicate with peers as equal - it is not infringement of its living space, but a cheerful, profitable and useful skill. Many children in the process of communication begin to understand it themselves, some have to explain and even give examples, but in any case, children's egoism is a natural and passing phenomenon with proper upbringing.

Teenagers are egoistic already consciously. Aged 12 to 16 years old, a person chooses a place in the group of peers, everyone seeks to either take the position higher, or in general to disappear from society, not wanting to contact him. At this age, self-esteem of a person is laid, its leadership qualities or, on the contrary, asociality. A teenager is constantly under the close assessing the attention of his friends and acquaintances, their opinion is of paramount importance for him, so everyone seeks to stand out, show their uniqueness and fade the price. Those who do not comply with "standards" become outcasts. Such loners express their protest in egoism: "Oh, I don't like me, I'm not like that? Great, I owe you nothing, I don't need you, I like myself as I am, and the rest does not care! " Usually such adolescents, refusing to do the housework, help parents, or in communicating with comrades they say: "I will not do that, because I do not want. And point. " Or: "And I will do it or do this exactly, because I want it so." Those who have achieved recognition among peers and has "star egoism", cherish their ideal image, stating that "not the royal business is to take garbage, walk with the younger brother, go for bread and so on." In any case, adolescent egoism is associated with the socialization process, it is a strong stress that young people are transferred from schools and yards to the family. Outside of the house, a person requires a certain behavior, to adjust under which it turns out not immediately and not everyone, so at home he wants rest and care, and not new pick-up and rules. Teens wounds and need approval from relatives, but in reasonable limits. By providing the necessary zone of comfort to his adheat and explaining to him that his comrades are not truth in the last instance, it is possible to smooth its egoistic inclinations and maintain normal relations. The circle of friends and acquaintances can change, and the family will always remain the same; Realizing that he will always be valuable and loved in the family, the teenager will grow up his egoism much faster.

Often, children, seeing that their parents also do not correspond to the "standards", for example, do not earn or not authoritations for other adults, try to move away from them, so as not to get into the number "Lizers". Many children aged 13-16 are shy of their parents, they do not introduce them to comrades, so as not to spoil their own image. This egoism is a protective reaction, the way to maintain your status. If the relationship in the family is stressful, teenagers are moving away from her, they can even escape from the house to the company where they feel comfortable. If in the family the relationship is more or less trusting, then egoism can be softened or overcome, explaining the child that love and support, accepting it as it is, will be only here, and the rules and stamps of the outside world are too varying and not guaranteed Success even with perfectly compliance.

Psychologists say that by the age of 15, his personality is being formed, his psyche, character. If a person does not turn his adolescent egoism before this period, he will remain in it as part of him himself. This vane ego, forced every day to prove its right to exist and confirm its status, seeking approval and recognition, will be with a person until the oldest.

The egoism of an adult from 16 to 40 years is connected with his search for himself in life and self-expiration. Choice of profession and career building, creating a family, making money and buying property - during this period a person exhibits his own egoism to different waysSince all the vital interests are different. Someone seeks to universal attention, someone wants to retire, relationships with his spouse and children are important for someone, and someone worries on defending the dissertation. In other words, if a person is not trying to separate from society, and he feels part of him, then it is very important for him to feel helpful. Sometimes selfishness turns this awareness of the usefulness into an idea of \u200b\u200bexclusivity, that is, in the opinion of its superfluid, uniqueness and superstream, which is why human problems begin to arise in relations with others. Someone is convinced that it makes something better than others, knows more, more talented, etc., therefore he must have more privileges and a phora in front of the rest. Naturally, it is not always that way.

Another form of egoism at this age is an attempt to care from communication. A person knows that it cannot meet the adopted standards for any reasons ("I am too bad" or "I am too good to understand me"), and tries to limit all contacts. In any case, he has a feeling of resentment from the fact that he cannot accept the way it is; He complains of everyone and all vinit in his troubles of anyone, but not only. Egoism is manifested in the fact that the person itself does not seek changes; No matter how bad or good, nor a person believes, for himself, it is significant than those surrounding, so they should change and adapt.

After forty years, a person has a rethinking of values, the assessment of the past period, an attempt to sum up some results and draw conclusions. At this age, a person usually understands, he took place as a person or not, he achieved success in something or not, he was independent or dependent on something. Conducting that old age is no longer over the corner and change the existing situation of things 180 degrees will no longer succeed, many people either fall into despondency, or try to quickly catch what they have not had time. At this age, selfishness is connected either with the desire to take a new place in life and society ("I hurried all youth at you, let me live for myself") or offended and biting due to the lack of desired recognition and evaluation ("Life wrapped from call to Call and got nothing "). Of course, if a person took place at work, happy in the family and reached the desired one, then his satisfied is quite satisfied and will not be torn it at night, whispering on the ear on aimless time spent.

In old age, egoism manifests itself the most bright. But if young children can control parents, to educate and are authoriters for them, then old man Any attempts to control it will be perceived in the bayonets, and the advice of children and relatives will answer the famous saying that the eggs are not taught. Elder bicon egoism. On the one hand, patients and weak people require attention and care, and on the other, they are offended by excessive custody. The elderly do not want to feel like old men, they want an equal relationship, want to feel independent and necessary, not being a burden, but because of age, this is not all. Yes, there are cases where people lived to deep secility, keeping the cheerful temper, working capacity and bright reason, but in most cases old age is a weakness and loneliness, which an aging man is afraid of even more death. From this fear and comes egoism. It is especially difficult to relatives of those people whose mind is weakened and a person can no longer soberly assess its physical and mental state. Sick people consider themselves healthy, and they are impossible to convince them. Psychologists know that with the age of the psyche becomes less plastic, people become stubborn and conservative, any innovations or changes perceiving as a threat to their familiar everyday. It is almost impossible to cope with senile egoism; If a person did not suffer from the bloated ego during his life, then the egoism will have egoism in itself, if the person was egoistic before, he would not envy his surrounding with age. Often, by virtue of the egoistic behavior, old people remain with living relatives, they suffer from this much, but their egoism does not give them a chance to make contact and get along with the rules of the new generation.

In most cases, senile egoism "eats" those people who have not filled their inner world during their lives. Spiritual interests, a favorite thing, awareness of the meaning of life - all that man relies when external, material loses its meaning when he remains alone. Skill yourself to find new goal, Find the Force change something in yourself for the general benefit to get close to people who appreciate you for your personal qualities, the ability to precipitate difficulties and not complain, do not blame others in the troubles - all this will not give egoism to master you on the slope of the years.

Benefit or harm

Many people will say that egoism is definitely harmful. But is it really? We have already talked about the theory of rational egoism that combines the interests of society and personality, as well as child's egoism, helping the baby to decide as individuality.

Each of us has its own personal space, the body, the circle of important interests, what is the basis of his life, his personality. Often, the Company invades this intimate zone for any other reasons. Few people like when strangers The nose is in our personal life, you are interested in the fact that, in our opinion, they do not have to know, they do what we want to do at our discretion. The ego does not tolerate such interference, so it protects its personal space through egoism. For example, the mother asks the child to take battle in the room, because, from her point of view, a chummy mess reigns there, but from the point of view of the child it is his universe. Let it be a little chaotic, but his own. Mom acts from hygiene considerations - after all, it is impossible to live in a littered room, "but the child sees the invasion of his personal life in this act, an attempt to rebuild his worldview. Or an example: colleagues at work are gossipped about your personal life, ask tactless, from your point of view, questions, strister the authorities with spicy details ... In the times of the Soviet Union, the worker's moral appearance was a state of state, so the personal life of the Soviet worker was Under the closure of the party (Komsomol, pioneeria, etc.), now, every person has the right to not talk about his life to anyone. But in the sphere of our personal space, protected by the ego, not only the details of personal life, but also the service information needed to promote the career ladder, any property that ensures the advantage of competitors, secret technology or skill, which in disclosure lose their value or becoming dangerous ... In this case, selfishness is like separate manAnd any firm, the state - acts as a motor competitive engine. The main slogan of natural selection in nature - "survives the strongest" - impregnated with egoism; Interwide egoism is an evolution engine, and a person as part of nature is also susceptible to him. This does not mean that you can cripple competitors, unleash the war on the destruction and eliminate anyone who will fall on your path, however, without selfish motifs would never have a healthy competition. Neither in the economy, nor in politics or in society. Egoism is not a totally negative phenomenon, this is part of our nature, just use it in reasonable limits. Not to say that the history of mankind is impregnated with humanism, however, the egoistic messages gave humanity such phenomena as a monopoly of the state apparatus for the production of monetary signs, which was an important factor in the unification of small communities into a single state; The struggle for political independence, which caused many new countries to the world map, including US; Competitive struggle in the field high technologies A limited number of companies put forward in leaders that ensure proper product quality, for example, in the area of \u200b\u200baviation and rocket industry, etc. Egoism in defensive purposes can manifest itself in politics as voluntary self-insulation. Countries such as Japan and Bhutan, due to the insulation, retained their national culture, and Switzerland supporting the neutrality has already been more than a century, not only avoided the two world wars, but also became a political intermediary, representing the interests of countries that have no diplomatic countries. Competition of the minds and views of individual personalities presented the world a lot of philosophical schools and trends, outstanding scientists and their inventions, talented masters and works of art. The egoistic promise "to be better and be ahead of the rest" pushed on great accomplishments many people and their communities. Until this healthy egoism crossed the borders of morality, did not infringe upon the rights of the other side and did not threaten the opponents, he certainly brought benefit. Useful egoism can be compared with the temple, which is at least being built in the name of God, full of wisdom and perfection, but still intended for ordinary people who could come there and receive good. Therefore, causing itself in egoism, think about it: will you bring the desired benefit personally or will it be useful to someone else?

Age Egoism

The XXI century has already dubbed the age of egoism. Modern society is infected with this phenomenon everywhere, but few people have alarming and looking for medicine. It is sometimes created that selfishness is not a natural phenomenon like an ordinary viral epidemic, but a kind of weapon of mass destruction, artificially exhaled in society with the permission of governments and international organizations. Egoism is a spirituality dystrophy, he has nothing to do with intelligence or physical indicators that are so fashionable now to study, count, evaluate and compare. However, the society of the Egoists will be absolutely eating themselves, because each person will turn into a small cancer tumor, without leaving a single healthy cell that can survive. It should not say that "infection" goes at the level of each consciousness separately, because from early childhood, selfishness is cultivated as a norm of behavior in humans. Someone will objected that it is not so that there is a spiritual education, religion, Sunday schools, cultural traditions and simply moral teacher people who transmit their invaluable experience. But by giving a glance, all the human society as a whole, it becomes clear on whose side of the advantage. The high-dimensional people promoting in the masses of the idea of \u200b\u200bAltruism, humanism, universal love and compassion never had a lot, but it is today that such people can be called an extinct view. What is happening? Another stage of evolution and natural selection, where Homo Sapiens is inferior to Homo Ambitiosus, or simply humanity has heard herself as a reasonable look? Media, mass printing and the Internet only speed up this process.

Why concrete it all started, it's hard, but now we have what we have. In the last century, it was hardly able to defeat the "brown plague" and cancel the racial segregation in the United States, as new shorts in the form of another wave of nationalism, religious confrontations and interethnic conflicts were collapsed, where the Israeli people declared about their chosenness. The end of the XX century was marked by the real collapse of world religions. Islam began to tease the radical flows on parts. The Catholic Church, recognizing some sins from his past, covered with new scandals a very impartial content. The Orthodox Church has turned into a commercial shop, slowing down on the side of goods, distant from the rescue of the soul, and serving citizens, as a notary office, - according to the price list. Many Buddhist spiritual centers began to go to the shadow, not allowing tourists and pilgrims, and the ancient knowledge and texts exported from monasteries into the world are deliberately distorted in favor of financial profit. Many pseudoreligiy and sects just bloomed on this background with a buoy.

The consumption policy, conducted in the West, which has turned a living person into a statistical unit of GDP calculus, may not coincide with the globalization of world economies. Losting part of its individuality in the form of economic and national isolation, European countries faced their own culture. The dominance of migrants, foreign labor, the policy of tolerance led to the fact that people in Europe became impossible to unite around something (countries, language, nationality), as a result, as it were for themselves, surrounded by hostile and alien elements. Instead of defending the interests of their people or culture, each alone Yaros is only about her shirt, which is known to be closer to the body.

The slogans of the type "take from life", "we live once", "better apologize to ask for permits" - indicators of modern moral values. The ability to unite or act together in such a world is almost absent, a person is a wolf - here is a new policy. Careerism, dirty technologies and "Black PR" became the usual phenomenon. And it concerns that not only people individually, but also of entire states, political entities, ready for the sake of individual benefits to split the world on parts almost in the literal sense of the word. This whole situation, unfortunately, is accompanied by the crisis of statehood itself. Where people are concerned only with personal interests, it is difficult to talk about labor for a common blessing or a feat in the name of the Motherland. The army, becoming commercial, instead of the authentic interests of the people now protect the interests of officials, as it seems to voluntarily shed blood for incomprehensible ideals, and the mercenary will fulfill any order, the main thing is that the result is paid. Inside the state apparatus, corruption and crime flourish. To preserve the visibility of a healthy political situation and to keep on top of the powerful pyramid, governments create multiple fictitious batchs, which are used as one-day firms, without giving people to decide on their choice and collect a real opposition. Many states at the breakfast of centuries have completely ceased to exist, marking in civil warsintentionally provoked by national contradictions. Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia have already been poisoned by the National Egoism poison Soviet Union And Ethiopia.

All the above capabilities on the global political arena occur, naturally, in the struggle for world resources. Interstate egoism - the phenomenon is very ancient, known since the times of Civilizations of Egypt and Sumerov, but only recently this egoism reached its apogee. Reasonable egoism, manifested in the last century, when the countries concluded alliances and took into account the alignment of political forces in the world when developing their own strategy, now dymerk. Open attacks, unreasonable interference in someone else's sovereignty, widespread arms trade, violation of early agreements, failure to fulfill obligations and double standards - this is the fruits of egoism at the very high level. If you look at the distribution natural resourcesTheir wide spectrum has only a few countries: Russia, USA, Canada, China, South Africa and Australia, and in the United States contains only 20% of worldwide resources of the planet, and 40% is consumed; Western Europe, Canada, Japan has together 20% of resources, and consume 30%, developing countries have 35% of world mineral resources, and consume only 16%. It turns out that developed countries in the United States, Canada, Western Europe and Japan have 40% of resources, and spend 70%. Almost twice as much. And these appetites are growing and growing.

In the context of the struggle for world resources, the "Golden Billion" egoistic theory arose in the highest degree. In the 70s of the last century, a major study was ordered, which showed that resources on our planet only enough for 1 billion people. The customer of the study was the so-called "Committee 300", representing 300 richest and politically influential families of the world. This privileged billion members of the Committee included the US Population, Canada, Western Europe, Japan and Israel. And in accordance with this, programs were developed to reduce the population of countries that were not included in this list. Programs are quite official and existing, including not only birth restriction, but also almost disappointed genocide. The policy of birth restriction was officially applied in the third world countries - India, Iran, Singapore; In China, she was canceled only in 2016.

In the XXI century, humanity entered disunity and complete mutual suspicion. But nevertheless, the society is impregnated with egoism, although it suffered huge losses, has not yet come to his region. Mass culture, glorifying a selfish lifestyle and mindless consumerism, many people are opposed - as well-known, and no, - public organizations And representatives of world religions left the faithful initial ideals of humanity and compassion. Whose truth to accept and in which direction to move is a choice that everyone has to do individually, and preferably before the next catastrophe is born.

How to deal with egoism

Egoism, as already mentioned, the problem of spiritual nature, it means that it must be solved by the corresponding methods. I ask how to deal with egoism, many immediately imagine seminars and trainings, visits to a psychologist, various programs, painted by day, but selfishness - the character trait inherent in all people initially, so "one-time therapy" does not help here. Eradicate egoism to a person will have long and thoroughly, spending all his life on this struggle.


There are two ways to cope with your egoism - the path of mind and the path of the Spirit. The first implies a conscious self-control, constant reminder of himself that it is impossible to separate from society and satisfy their ambitions without regard to others. The second is more subtle and involves the development of spiritual qualities in humans: generosity, trust and openness, coating (the ability to rejoice in the success of others), etc. The first way will not be able to eradicate egoism finally, but for people pragmatic, non-modest and with the intellectual mind, he will help Find the best balance between your claims and society rules. The second way is more effective, but a person will need to reconsider its worldview and change internally, to make the revolution of consciousness, which is not for everyone.

Perhaps very much effective reception When combating egoism - the development of generosity and ability not to be attached to the material things, whether it is purchased subjects or the results of your work. Gifts donation without thinking over their cost, the doodling of things, the separation of something with comrades, charity and volunteering - these actions directed by "from themselves" will deliver a selfish person from fear to remain with anything, to waste for the benefit of others, everything is to the last crumb. Egoist associates himself with all that calls "mine." For such people to share and assist - a very difficult task, because it is how to cut off a piece from your flesh. The egoist seems that if he gives up at least something, he will lose everything at once: sacrificing the ruble will lose a million, and giving a piece of bread, he will begin to starve himself. In the requester, he sees the same egoist, which instead of a piece will pick up the whole loaf, and instead, the wallet will make a wallet. Naturally, you need to start with small. In the course of the process, the fear of losses and distrust to people will be melted, which will allow a person to develop confidence and unacchangement.

Charity is a wonderful way to develop generosity and humble your egoism, but this tool needs to be used carefully and consciously. Today, there are innumerable many charitable funds and organizations in the world, the funds are constantly going to some goals and in someone's support, but rarely gives and accepting face to face, discussing what exactly donated funds will go. And the speech here is not about corruption and deception, which is so enough, but that those who need victims may be such in their own desire, shifting all the care of their salvation on other people's shoulders. The hidden egoism of such victims, asking for help, presses the feeling of guilt of people who have funds, although the victim itself did not hit the victim for his salvation. And so it turns out that the candleless benefactor simply puts himself on the neck of a passive dependent, who, who does not seek improvements, is pretty sweeping legs and will join every time more. Yes, it will also begin to apaken.

To maintain balance in society, compliance with ordinary moral rules is required: the good of good should be rewarded, the evil - to act, compliance with the order is to be encouraged, and passivity is punished. Receiving assistance, in response, a person must at least experience thanks; If the victim takes it as proper, then, most likely, the efforts spent will disappear and will not bring positive results. Encouraging such selfish seeurs, benefactors do not help them, but harm themselves, and asking themselves, as they themselves do not receive anything in return, and the victim corps even more with their own inaction.

Another underwater stone is pseuduality. When someone does not assist from compassion, but from a sense of their own superiority, for the sake of maintaining their image and creating an image of a caring and noble person, then his egoism only swells. Respect in the eyes of society and the status of a patron for such a person more valuable than the real destiny of those whom he allegedly cares. And the donation in this case is not always monetary, it can be presented as disinterested ministry of any profession or a significant activity in society. As a last resort, such non-monetary egoism develops into a narcissism: the doctor begins to identify himself with the desnya of God, the scientist is with the Creator, the policeman - with the law, the judge with justice, the official with an absolute monarch. Having erecting such egoists with rights and privileges, society is waiting for response, but Egoists perceive the benefits of them as their own and thank you for this. In general, the lack of gratitude is, saying the words of chemists, a qualitative response to egoism.

The fight against egoism is also complicated by the fact that it is simply impossible to destroy it under the root, since he is part of the person himself. The separation of oneself as a person, the definition of its personal space, its individual inclinations, directions of development and activity - all this is impossible without basic innocent egoism. Realizing that it is meaningless to pull the blanket, which is good for the benefit of others - this is wonderful, a person nevertheless understands what to do this should not be detrimental to himself. If I myself will need, I will be sick, I will not have any skills and do something to do something, which is from me?

Making a conclusion from the foregoing, it can be concluded that selfishness is worth using for the benefit, dealing with conscious self-improvement. If you serve society is a goal, the tool must be correct and shared. Egoist Single is calm himself for himself, the egoist humane brings himself up for society. The higher the requirements for yourself, the more benefit and more good can give such a person. Salzing the world of his knowledge and talents, such people are presented to society certain requirements, but not for the sake of joy, but for the sake of more efficient work. Many geniuses, as we have already noticed, had our own oddities that nevertheless provided them with the necessary comfort.

Spiritual growth, self-development, improvement - the most worthy human activity, especially if it flows for the sake of universal benefit. The consumption society, which prevails today, eliminates this possibility, allowing only the receipt of goods, and not their distribution. The meaning of life of such a society is reduced to the satisfaction of basic and selfish needs and even more decay of spirituality. To overcome classic egoism at the level of the state or a whole world, not overgrowing it at the level of every mind separately is utopia. While people will not understand that the concern for their own good is not a goal, but only a means of achieving another goal - the benefit of everyone, - that the requirements for man as a reasonable being and a member of society should be not externally material, and moral and spiritual character Until then, the world will balance on the verge of decay as an unstable core of the radioactive element.

Test for egoism

This test will not give an answer to the question, the egoist you or not, but it will help roughly appreciate some of your qualities that indicate the selfishness of nature. In the approval test 42; Specify the degree of compliance of your opinion to each statement. Questions are divided into six blocks, calculate the number of points for each of them. So, let's begin.

Block I.

1. I am sincerely interested in the life of my friends and relatives, I ask how they are doing.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

2. If someone is nearing or in bad mood, I will definitely try to listen to him and somehow help him.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

3. I do not like when the surrounding take me off from urgent cases for the sake of solving your own problems or conversations "for souls".
Yes 1
Sometimes - 2.
No - 3.

4. I feel well what the mood of the people around me, as well as who treats me.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

5. I never show my disappointment and do not complain about people, I prefer all the emotions to keep in myself.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

6. I am annoyed by emotional people who either "ship" all their problems, or teebeat when they are fun.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

7. I am interested to find out the inner world of your interlocutor, his ideas, worldview and feelings.
Yes - 3.
Depends on the interlocutor - 2
No - 1.

Block II.

8. I do not suggest help, if a person himself will not ask her about it.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

9. I do not ask for help myself, I try to do everything on my own.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

10. It is difficult for me to offer someone help, even if I see that a person in it needs.
Yes 1
Sometimes - 2.
No - 3.

11. Helping others is hard for me than nice.
Yes 1
Sometimes - 2.
No - 3.

12. I love to teach people to something new, share my experience, I do not hold secrets.
Yes - 3.
Depends on the information - 2
No - 1.

13. I can not stand when I propose help: it seems to me that I doubt me.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

14. It is easier for me to help, but to make all the work for another.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

Block III

15. I find it difficult to speak in public, I do not feel that the audience understands me.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

16. In society unfamiliar people I do not feel cowardly.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

17. I am not interested in the inner motives of the behavior of people, I judge them by perfect actions.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

18. I am always happy to listen to a person, to be a vest for tears and sympathize with Him.

Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

19. If I decided, I do not wait for approval or censure, but in force.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

20. I do not have a trusted person, so I do not trust my secrets and secrets to anyone.
Yes 1
Depends on the situation - 2
No - 3.

21. Sometimes I feel in this world lonely, underestimated and incomprehensible.
Always - 1.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 3.

Block IV.

22. I willingly agree to some kind of activity purely of interest or pleasure.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

23. I remember that all my works are rewarded: if the payment is delayed or does not fully come, I present complaints
Always - 1.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 3.

24. I love to give gifts more than getting them.
Yes - 3.
Depends on the situation - 2
No - 1.

25. I do not consider the outcome of the case successful if I do not get something beneficial for myself from the result.
Always - 1.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 3.

26. Interests and needs of other people for me priority than their own, I try to ensure comfort them, and then yourself.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

27. I do not chase the praise, and when someone is praised in my presence, I do not feel the desire to be in his place.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

28. I give a debt and assist, even if it turns out to me to the detriment.
Yes - 3.
Depends on the situation - 2
No - 1.

Block V.

29. In the dispute, I try to put myself at the place of the interlocutor and understand the essence of someone else's point of view, even if it does not coincide with mine.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

30. If my opinion does not coincide with someone else, I will not even listen to it.
Yes 1
Sometimes - 1.
No - 3.

31. I am carefully listening to the interlocutor and ask him if something is not clear to me.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

32. I do not change my decisions, even if new circumstances have discovered or a different, more substantiated point of view appeared.
Yes 1
Sometimes - 2.
No - 3.

33. In the dispute it is more important to come to truth than to defend its position.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

34. I listen to others, but their opinions weakly influence my decisions.
Always - 1.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 3.

35. I admit that the solution solutions can be somewhat and they can all be true.
Yes - 3.
Depends on the issue being solved - 2
No - 1.

Block VI

36. I build my surroundings not by personal qualities of people, but by their attitude to me.
Yes 1
The situation depends - 2
No - 3.

37. I try to think well about others, my own image and reputation interest me little.
Yes - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
No - 1.

38. I can enjoy the success of comrades, envy does not bite me.
Always - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
Never - 1.

39. Even quarreling with a friend, I continue to consider it my friend.
Yes - 3.
Sometimes - 2.
No - 1.

40. I believe that the pride and sense of self-qualities - the quality of decent people, and they are not inherent in petty, weakly accuracy and fools.
Yes 1
Depends on a particular person - 2
No - 3.

41. I love working in solitude, engage in individual activity, I am not a team player.
Yes 1
Depends on the situation - 2
No - 3.

42. I do not tolerate violence and coercion, rudeness and coarse treatment.
Yes - 3.
Depends on the situation - 2
No - 1.

results

Block I questions from 1 to 7

  • Points from 7 to 11 Concentration only on our own feelings, severity and inattention to the state of others.
  • Points from 12 to 16 Attention to the feelings and mood of others, the ability to not focus on personal experiences.
  • Scores from 17 to 21 The ability to finely feel the mood and emotions of other people, deeply sympathize and empathize.

Block II Questions from 8 to 14

  • Points from 7 to 11 The rejection of someone else's support, the inability to explain something or teach, the habit of relying on yourself.
  • Points from 12 to 16 Assistance only as necessary, as well as accepting it, the requirement of independence both from itself and from others.
  • Scores from 17 to 21 Joy from assistance, the ability to substitute a friendly shoulder and transfer any experience.

Block III Questions from 15 to 21

  • Points from 7 to 11 A closure, distrust of people, unwillingness to show understanding to others and be understood.
  • Points from 12 to 16 The ability to communicate and be friends, while maintaining its inner world in secret.
  • Scores from 17 to 21 Communicability, ability to understand other people's motives and easy to trust their secrets.

Block IV Questions from 22 to 28

  • Points from 7 to 11 Orientation on personal gains and interests, even if they are contrary to public.
  • Points from 12 to 16 Readiness to sacrifice something for the sake of environment, but at the same time not damaging yourself.
  • Scores from 17 to 21 Orientation on the needs of the environment, willingness to donate to the universal good to many.

Block V questions from 29 to 35

  • Points from 7 to 11 Unwillingness to adopt or listen to someone else's point of view, uncompromising proof of his own rightness and defend their views.
  • Points from 12 to 16 The ability to listen and understand the interlocutor, and also stubbornly defend its views.
  • Scores from 17 to 21 The ability to understand and evaluate someone else's point of view, the search for truth, and not the rightness in the dispute, willingness to listen to new ideas and agree with your own wrong.

Block VI Questions from 36 to 42

  • Points from 7 to 11 Self love, concern for reputation, selection of the environment for the image, and not friendly connections.
  • Points from 12 to 16 The ability to create around yourself a comfortable environment, to show attention and interest to people, but not lose faces in their presence.
  • Scores from 17 to 21 The desire to be in the company and be friends, the ability to respect and delight people, regardless of them to your relationship.
Arthur Shopenhauer

Is selfishness useful for a person? Of course, it is also useful and even necessary, but not in all manifestations. Egoism is reasonable or, as it is still accepted, healthy, and it happens so rude, unwanted and primitive, which causes disgust in people. At the same time, all people are egoists. Just some of them skillfully mask their egoism, and the others do not know how to do this, so they behave brazenly and arrogant than they deserve the corresponding attitude. In general, it is absolutely normal desire and desire for a healthy person about yourself and your interests. But in order to treat this manifestation of human nature, it is necessary to understand the meaning of egoism. In this article we will deal with this - we will study egoism to understand it.

What is egoism?

Egoism is the preference of your personal interests to the interests of others. You can still say that selfishness is myself. Personally, I understand the egoism, as a man's desire to always do everything only for himself, without thinking about the desires, interests, needs and feelings of other people. A pronounced egoist is a kind of vacuum cleaner that sucks everything in itself, but does not give anything in return.

Primitive egoism

Egoism is reasonable and as much as most people represent him, let's call such egoism - primitive egoism. Primitive egoism is visible immediately - the man shows explicitly, it immediately ignores the interests of others, always all rows towards himself, it is not considered anyone who does not think about anyone, often adheres to a narcissistic behavior model. With such people, it is unpleasant to be nearby, it is very difficult to cooperate with them, they sometimes cause strong irritation. They communicate most often with them, who have no self-esteem and therefore they allow themselves to use. And respecting themselves, people usually face pronounced egoists, as they do not see meaning in communicating with them, unless such communication is not profitable for them.

Primitive egoism is in my understanding of children's egoism, as it is inherent in psychologically and intellectually immature personalities. Such people are often absolutely not able to analyze their behavior and look at themselves from the side. They openly seek to satisfy their desires and needs at the expense of other people without thinking about how it looks in the eyes of others. And sometimes they are sincerely surprised by the dissatisfaction of people about their excessively egoistic behavior, which they themselves seem quite normal. Sometimes there are those spoiled by the parents of Egoists who firmly believe in the fact that those surrounding should do everything for their happiness. And if this does not happen, they fall into depression, or into rage.

How do people become such egoists? Yes, very simple - they are born. Imagine a baby who is absolutely helpless and not able to take care of himself. He needs help adults to survive. When something needs something - he cries, thus attracting the attention of adults. It can be said that he is an egoist thinking only about himself. And he is, because he should think about herself to survive, and he is not able to think about others. Mortification, the child becomes more independent and if it is properly brought up, he develops his independence, reducing its dependence on other people. Thus, until a certain age, a person is forced to think mostly about himself, otherwise he simply will not be able to satisfy its basic needs. So we think about yourself, because we are not strong enough and smart to think about others. And while we are, egoism in a primitive form is for us the only intuitive means of achieving their goals.

Reasonable egoism

Developing, a person develops its egoism, which is becoming less obvious and more sophisticated. In adult life, no one hurries to satisfy the desires and needs of other people, without particularly need. Therefore, capricious and impudent behavior in it often turns out to be ineffective, and sometimes very harmful. As a result, the human selfishness is modified - it becomes more sophisticated and thoughtful if, of course, a person himself cleales, and does not get stuck in his development at the adolescent stage.

Sophisticated egoism is not a clear, hidden egoism, when a person does not show others that seeks to do well - he shows that he wants to do well to others, which cares about everyone, and not just about himself. It likes this to people, so they are more willing cooperating with such a person and help him achieve their goals. A well-thought-out egoism is when a person understands that in order to make himself good, he needs to think about other people. For without care for others, it is impossible to make sure to take care of yourself. We are all dependent on each other, therefore, even if we do not want, you are forced to help each other. As a result, the Egoist should think about the interests of the people around him to act according to the formula: you are me - I am. Then he acquires many friends, allies, partners, with the help of which improves their lives, in terms of improving the lives of most of them.

And in an even more mature form, selfishness goes into a deliberate altruism, this is when a person matures to not only take, but also give. It makes it even stronger, for giving [competently giving], we get more. The formula is very difficult, I will somehow write about it separately, but the point is that the power of a person is multiplied, as its responsibility is expanding. The ability to give and take care of other people is the necessary quality for a good parent and for the leader, which, by definition, should be responsible for other people who, in turn, can give it a huge power and power. Therefore, a truly strong person simply cannot be a small egoist, for which other people's interests have no meaning. Imagine the leader of an ancient tribe that only thinks about himself. With such a leader, the tribe may die, since there will be no one to take care of him, and therefore the leader will lose its power. Or imagine parents who think only about themselves and do not think at all about their child. You understand what it is fraught with. That is why not every person is suitable for the role of the leader and the role of the parent.

So egoism becomes reasonable. It develops with man. The smarter, the person becomes stronger, the more reasonable its egoism becomes. And the more intelligently the human selfishness becomes, the stronger the man itself becomes.

People who hold intelligent egoism are either always looking for cooperation with other people, or try to overcome them to achieve their goal. But they never speak open about their desires, do not behave brazenly with those who are stronger than them, do not capricious and do not complain if someone does not fulfill their desires. They are looking for workarounds to their goals, demonstrating the surrounding behavior that they surrounding, like. Where did you see a policy that everyone says everyone seeks to power to improve his life, and not to make it better for all people? It is necessary to be complete cretin to declare about your desires. Reasonable egoists achieve their goals much more often those who guided primitive egoism rushing with doll, seeking to satisfy their needs and desires. Reasonable behavior is a complicated behavior, the meaning of which is not always obvious. Therefore, it is more effective.

Meaning Egoism

A man must be an egoist, he wants it or not. Even though living in society, it is important to be able to cooperate with other people, for which it is necessary to take into account their interests, their interests should be higher than public in the overwhelming majority. Its interests can be donated except that only in cases where it comes to the life of children - our future, or about the survival of humanity, as a species. But in the overwhelming majority of household situations, think of others, to the detriment of their interests, there is no point. Our whole life is slightly less than completely consisted of a constant collision of different interests. We all want something and often our desires do not coincide with the desires of other people. Therefore, we have to somehow agree with them or compete, compete, to enjoy to survive and succeed. After all, we know well that all people cannot be rich or have power and not even have the same standard of living. There will always be those who have more and who has more rights. People are unequal and cannot be equal, it contradicts the principle of a natural hierarchy, in which strong lives due to the weak and uses it for its own purposes. In nature, he eats weak, simply because nature is arranged.

So living in such a world, in such conditions, expect that people will think about you more than about themselves, it means to absolutely not to understand in life and in humans.

I am sure that it is capable of taking care of other people only through care for yourself. This is besides those cases when it makes sense to sacrifice himself and its interests, for the sake of future people or humanity in general. A B. everyday lifeWhen the person is not worth such a responsible choice, he needs to think primarily about himself and thanks to the persecution of his interests to learn from the interests of other people.

So, the meaning of egoism is that a person, pursuing his interests, at a certain stage of its development began to take into account the interests of other people. And not just take into account, but to answer them effectively. He can do it, the better, the stronger it will be. Because a strong person can take care of herself that in any case you need to do and at the same time its capabilities allow him to spread his care for others. Strong man It can give other people a lot to get even more in return. And what can give other people a weak person who is even not able to take care of themselves? Can he become a strong leader or a good parent? As a rule, no. However, many weak people neglect their interests, for the sake of the interests of others, showing that they are not egoist. Why do they do that? They seek to help [what is striving, but they do not always help] others, not because they are not egoists, but because they themselves need to help other people, and in a much greater degree. They sacrifice their interests for their own good, and not for the sake of the benefit of other people. Something giving others, they expect to receive more in return than they gave, intuitively ordered by the rule of mutual exchange. Therefore, their altruism is only special form Egoism, as one of the survival strategies.

Egoism and success

There is a view, according to which selfishness is necessary to achieve success, for whom sometimes you have to go on heads, thinking only about your own gain and with no one. This is too gross understanding of the benefit of egoism. Indeed, selfish people [and we are all moderately or without self-satisfying] often achieve success - substituting, betraying, using, deceiving other people, including those whom they knew well, and who did not trust them. The meanness and cunningness always took place in human society and the benefits of them undoubtedly have. But it is not necessary to write off on egoism. To go through the same heads, you need to have a head on my shoulders yourself, which tells the Egoist different ways to achieve their goals, and does not call him as a primitive egoist - an aggressive height, while at the very bottom, do not care at all and do not reckon with anyone. Often about cunning, pallitude, tricks and selfishness of the person who used others to achieve success, we will find out when he has already reached this success and it's late to try to prevent him. Up to this point, such an egoist can behave very nicely, so that no one has thought that this good soul is able to substitute someone, to use, deceive, betray, for the sake of their mercenary purposes.

Some people, for example, gangsters or fraudsters, express their egoism with the help of aggression, energetic, courage [often it is an unjustified risk], arrogance, tricks, manipulations. It is these qualities, and not by itself a selfish attitude can allow them to succeed in their affairs. But this success is not always stable. Bandits, which are often secretive admiring the uneducated part of the population, expose themselves to unjustive risk to gain some resources and power. They act as they act, simply because they do not know other, more sophisticated and less dangerous methods for achieving success. They are not more selfish than, say, politicians inhibit about folk good, simply their egoism is expressed in the form of pronounced violence, and not in the form of a thoroughly confused for understanding tricks. The gangster is dangerous, we all know, so that such a life you live, there is a price. Scammers, despite their ability to hide their true intentions, still often give themselves to the fact that the truth about their fraud opens to victims too quickly. This is because most scammers are short-sighted, they proceed from short-term interests when they satisfy their selfish needs at the expense of other people - their victims. And so they are often punished by society for their acts. So selfishness, expressed in a similar way, is not particularly useful. The success to which he is capable of leading a person can not be long.

To achieve serious, stable success, you need, even if I do not want to keep the interests of other people. One in the field is not a warrior, but to have allies, you need to be able to involve other people in our affairs, what can be done only when you are interested in something. The rowing is just for yourself and not counting with anyone, you are rather harmful to yourself, which, at any convenient case, confuse you. The Egoist, who betrayed everyone, was confused, deceived, used to succeed in something, like a dam, over his head weighs the sword on his horse hair. Like any tyrant, he may at any time become a victim of those whose head he walked and those who hate him.

It is much more profitable to chase its egoistic interests, cooperating with many people on different conditions. This is the best way to achieve your goals. Self successful people The world is not selfish single, to do not care, and good sellers, competent diplomats, reliable partners and generous virtues who know that to achieve success you need to be able to share with others. No violence and no arrogance will allow you to receive from people the same return, which you can get from cooperation with them. Sometimes, however, it can be done with the help of deception and manipulations, but then it should be such a hoax that will not reveal for a long time and from which many will win, and not just the deceiver himself. So you need to mask your egoism and get it into a human form, so as not to cause resistance in people to your desire to achieve something. No reasonable egoist acts alone, betraying and substituting everyone in a row. Even if he is not going to take into account the interests of all people, wishing something to achieve that for understandable reasons it is impossible to do, then he has at least allies and friends with whom he is to a certain extent it is considered and whose interests takes into account no less than their For he understands that without it, he cannot count on their help, support and devotion.

Cut down. All people of Egoista. All egoism is manifested in different ways, depending on the level of development of a particular person. Than a person is easier, the more primitively his egoism. Smart Egoists never protrude their egoism, showing all their disregard for the interests of others. On the contrary, they focus on the interests of other people, seeking to promote their interests. This allows them to enlist the support of others when their goals reaching.

Egoism in mature form goes into altruism. Strong people take into account the interests of others because they can afford it. They do it in heavenly. They are just strong enough and smart to think not only about themselves, but also others and get even more benefit from it. As responsible, loving, careful parents' parents, and real leaders are people whose egoism has developed so much that they now want and can not only take, but also give. And returning, they get many times more.

Some weak people seek to help others because they themselves need help. They are egoists, although they behave alternuissically, simply their strategy for survival and achieve their goals is based on sacrificing their interests for the sake of others, based on their response, in which weak people need very much. And if you do not understand what the interest of another person is, who allegedly disinterested something for you does, then it is precisely in your misunderstanding of his true intentions, and not the lack of selfish motivations as such. True, sometimes some people, striving to please others, do not understand why they do it, for they do not realize their motives and in some cases they cannot control them. This is a separate topic that we will definitely discuss. It also is important to understand that egoism is part of our nature. Be a egoist normal. Only the form of an expression of egoism can be abnormal in terms of its performance.

There are still fanatics that can be altruists for some kind of beliefs. I did not touch them in this article, as this is also a separate topic. However, I want to note that faith of some people in certain things can be so strong that they can suppress their innate egoism to the detriment of their interests, and sometimes in the harm of their lives, simply because they consider it right. To some extent, these people are egoist, as they do something because they consider it right for themselves. It is simply their egoism may not respond to their real interests, he will only take their self-conceit and indulge their erroneous beliefs.

And the most important. To best achieve your goals, it is important to be able to mask your egoism for altruistic intentions and take into account interests as possible more People, especially strong peoplewhose help and support can be especially useful to you. So your capabilities will significantly expand. Even if you do not belong to the number of strong people who can take care not only about themselves, but also about others, which allows you to gain power, try to at least behave as if you think about the interests of others, at least no less than about our own . Remember that you with your desires, interests and needs of anyone are not interested. People think predominantly about themselves, which is natural. So they will meet you only if you are interested in something else if you involve them in your plans, showing them that helping you, they will get a lot.

A primitive egoist, who does not think about anyone and to do not care about everyone - this is a single, which at best will achieve a short-term minor success with the help of impudence, treacheur, deception and violence. And this success will be the shorter, the smaller number of people will be involved in it. And all because in this world you need to be able to share to have more friends and allies, not enemies and enviouss. That is why a reasonable egoist is a real leader and a good strategist who seeks success with the help of cooperation with other people whose interests he takes into account [to a certain extent] to enlist their support and devotion. Of course, his own interests for him are more important than the interests of other people, and otherwise he would not be an egoist. However, he skillfully hides it. Such a person seeks success seriously and for a long time.

How to get rid of egoism and love yourself - this is the most controversial statement of modernity. Nevertheless, Egoists are very unfortunate people. Why can this conclusion be done?

Terminology

By examining the most popular dictionaries of modernity, it can be concluded what egoism is. This is not a quality, but rather a life belief that positions itself as a man's desire by any means to receive benefits. A selfish person focuses solely on its feelings, needs and experiences. The inner ego of such people is insatiable and constantly requires more. About the egoist cannot be said that he is modest or satisfied with life. He constantly wants to have the fact that there are others.

Is selfishness always - is it bad?

Some argue that Egoists are people who truly love themselves. But is it really? Alas. Being a complete egoist is to constantly experience tension from the thought that you lack something, you are deprived, you have everything better and more. The desire for peace and comfort, which is constantly pursuing the self, does not bring to him the desired. In fact, the egoist does not like any other nor himself. Often such people are alone and deeply unhappy. In the trends of the modern world to know how to get rid of egoism, it is vital.

However, it is worth noting that the share of this character trait is inherent in every living creature. This is one of the obligatory faces of a psychologically healthy person. It is important to balance this quality with others and behave accordingly. But about how to do it, we will talk at the end. Now you need to understand why get rid of egoism so hard.

The struggle to be withstanding a few

In fact, ask the question, and egoism, is half success. A person must admit that he urgently needs to start working on himself. However, the fight against this line of personality begins with the expansion of consciousness. It is difficult, because you will have to learn to think primarily about the needs of others. Moreover, it is necessary to realize that human problems are not the most important, and there are more serious things that need attention. In addition, the Egoist will have to accept the fact that not all of his actions will benefit him. The latter is perhaps the most difficult.

Manifestation of egoism

According to counting psychologists, egoism in the modern world is not a vice, but fashion trend. This word called countless restaurants, nightclubs and various shops. In Ukraine, for example, there is even a special loyalty program for regular visitors of fast food restaurants, which is called "Egoists". What is her message? There are sake of your ego. By the way, this is the slogan of this program.

The most brightly reviewed quality is revealed in family relationships, because people are becoming as they are. Egoists in the family are real kings, which everything must. Often, with time in the family, tyranny appears.

If a person is suspected to be suspicious that he is too focused on himself, it is worth thinking about how often he is ready to come from his own desires in favor of others, as much and often he speaks of himself and can he be able to share the last. By the way, selfishness is often compared with greed.

If we talk about how to get rid of egoism, the tips of the psychologist will be more than ever by the way. Experts recommend doing it in four stages.

  1. Stop limit your consciousness. The borders that the egoist puts inside themselves do not give him to live to the fullest, because they barely go beyond his own nose. In fact, he does not have any idea that other people may experience. So how to expand your own consciousness? Learn to listen to others and hear their difficulties. Think about what is pleasant you can do for people close to you.
  2. Communicate without pronoun "I". The best wayHow to get rid of egoism is to teach yourself as little as possible to talk about your person. It is important to stop imposing their opinions to people and sincerely interested in people's life.
  3. Love someone in addition to yourself. Psychologists recommend to start to start a pet. The main difficulty of this step is that you can not get anywhere from the animal. He constantly needs to take care of it - feed, clean and play with him.
  4. Find satisfaction from what you have. If we talk about myself, then the biggest problem is to learn to be content with everything you have.

In search of how to get rid of egoism, the tips can be found different, but it costs to remember that the work itself will be long and time consuming. Where does egoism come from?

Sources

Before getting rid of egoism in a relationship, you need to find the reason for its occurrence to prevent recurrence. As mentioned earlier, the ego is part of the subconscious, which helps to remain mentally healthy. It adjusts the perception of the outside world by assessing, planning and mapping with the past experience. In fact, the ego perfectly forms an internal person. It is only important not to give him complete power. Why?

At times, the ego affects so that a person begins to desire that he is actually unnecessary, and the situation changes in the root. It can be illustrated on simple example with phone. Now the shops are full of various gadgets, and for small money you can buy the most common push-button phone for calls and SMS. Great option, right? But a friend has a touchscreen brand smartphone. You need to simply make calls in fact, and you know that other functions will not be used, but the inner ego is indignant - buy such as a friend, and better even on the model above. Here it is the difference between what is needed, and by the fact that the ego imposes.

Knowing how to get rid of egoism, it is possible to facilitate your life. And the example with the phone serves that evidence.

Lack of egoism is possible?

Unfortunately, there are those who incorrectly understand the principle of work on the selflessness, and instead of learning equally to love themselves and others begin to live in favor of others. Of course, it is important to think about the benefits for the people who surround you, but also forget about and the ego. Remember that it is the balanced attitude to everything that gives the opportunity to remain a mentally balanced person.

conclusions

Of course, everything described above is a huge work and a constant self-control. But actually doubt your ego is not so difficult - you just need to look at the world wider. Anyone, even the closest, may be interesting if you constantly find out. The ability to put on the first place the interests of others is also not so difficult to purchase. The main thing is to learn an insurmountable desire to learn this. Remember how others react when they see that they are divided with them and they think about them. If you allocate only one day and completely dedicate to his native person, you can see how he blooms, and you get brighter and happier on the soul.

How to get rid of egoism, should think every member of the family. Should not be between loving people (and in the family of others there should be no) sound phrases "I didn't say that with me easily", "You owe me", "I know better, do not climb," "without your help I can cope" and Everything in this spirit. Any signs of egoism will only spoil the relationship between loved ones and reflect on other family members. Remember that selflessly should be in every person, but equally with modesty, self-sacrifice and love. Otherwise, happiness will not be a guest in the house of proud people.

Nata Karlin

The problem of egoism in modern society is becoming increasingly relevant. Because it is that people, pursuing their own interests, ceased to notice the problems of others. We cease to feel someone else's pain, and we go to your goal "on the heads". Maybe this is normal human behavior, which, and achieve recognition in society?

What determines the boundaries of human egoism, which public opinion is still able to recognize and accept them? After all, initially every living creature is egoistic. So how to distinguish a reasonable egoism with unreasonable? This is a thin face, moving a person who expects censure and public rejection.

I am an egoist! Problems of egoism and its nature

Based on the Wikipedia data, egoism is the behavior of a person who is justified by the personal benefit and the extraction of the use of everything that is possible to obtain and, as a result, satisfying their needs. It turns out that every person in this world is an egoist.

A person in achieving the goals is moving the desire to benefit, in one form or another.

The human mind is designed so that he does not feel happy if his act became the subject of the disorder of others.

Having achieved the top of the vertices, going to the intended goal, we will freely or involuntarily hurt the interests of other people. The life path of man is akin to the theory of the evolution of Darwin - the better the individual is arranged in life, the greater the chances of his offspring to survive. Egoism is laid in the very essence of a living being. Only in humans this process is limited by some framework of social coexistence of individuals, moral principles and implications.

Whatever people talk about those who live for the sake of others, without leaving themselves anything, it is not true. A person talking about, haunting another benefit in his behavior. He achieved that you are talking about something good about him. This is a tessist of pride and achieves what you consider it better than it really is.

Consider the reasons for how a person becomes an egoist.

The manifestation of unhealthy egoism is a consequence since childhood. Constantly taking your child, considering it extremely smart and beautiful, parents cultivate in it and egocentrism. Gradually, the consciousness of the kid is working to satisfy only their own desires and needs. After all, an exceptional personality must have everything in this life! Formed disregard for problems and aspirations of other people.

The same applies to children who have not seen the attention of parents in their lives. Equiforms and unwillingness to see in a small person personality, breeds in these children the desire to prove the viability by any ways. Let even suffer from it. They justify themselves by the fact that once they suffered so much. These children, becoming adults, remain indifferent to the problems of neighboring, as their parents during the growing child.

Examples of rational egoism and manifestations of this feeling

Moms and children.

Why choosing between dress for yourself and a new hat for daughter, mom buys a gift to a child? Let her already have a hat, but it is this coloring and a fashion girl that will be to face. Have you seen young mammies with strollers, on which there is not a drop of makeup, hair is taken into the tail, but they look absolutely happy? What is it? What do they rejoice and why does it happen?

Answer: These mothers do not know how to enjoy the detriment of their children. Let even the kids won't notice it. They pursue a selfish goal - to make the kid happy, give him everything that his loving heart is capable. Refusing to other pleasures, moms live concern about their children, in which their egoism is. Nature presented them with children, and they, in turn, should provide them with a worthy existence. Mommies who correctly fulfill their duties receive a feeling of true selfish pleasure from this.

Life lived for the whole planet.

Delight, which is the result of the manifestation of egoism, is obtained by different ways. How to explain the life of a scientist who works for all mankind makes discoveries, does not sleep at night and invent new technologies that will be used by all people in the world? Why does a person need it? He spends his personal time, forgets about the family and the world that exists around him. Thus, the scientist seeks to satisfy the egoistic desire to be "above" other people who will not do what he does. He enjoys his power over the world and mankind, the future of which depends on its invention.

The same applies to artists, poets and other outstanding personalities who live only by their own interests, but at the same time, give us the opportunity to enjoy the fruits of their works of the centuries.

Egoism in human life - plus or minus

The manifestations of egoism must comply with the norms of behavior and morality established in society. It is unacceptable manifestation of personal egoism, the result of which the interests of other people becomes infringement. Egoism is not inherent only to crazy people and dead men. By setting themselves the tasks, and reaching them by unthinkable efforts, a person should not feel for the success of which he achieved. Let, in some moments he was wrong in relation to colleagues or others, but if the result exceeded expectations, do not blame yourself. Just feel the measure, and do not turn the manifestations of egoism into the behavior system.

Egoism and altruism

These two opposite character traits in humans cause a mass of disputes. What is better to say no one is solved. A man is born of light, and this state can only be achieved without looking around at others. Altruists, to the detriment of themselves, do everything to delight people. At the same time, they forget about their own interests and needs.

The altruistic inclinations of a person in society are considered to be outdated, and cause admiration. It was believed that disinterested gusts to live for the benefit of others are a sign of particularly thin and aristocratic nature. However, if you dig deeper, a person in the desire to provide to another help, satisfies the desire to become famous in this way. This is a kind of self-task and a way to conquer reputation in society to yourself like. So, this is one of the manifestations of egoism.

From the teachings of Adam Smith, it follows that every person (no matter how the egoist is not considered) enjoys what sees self-sufficient, educated and around themselves.

Of the listed, you can draw the following conclusions:

Bad. When egoism passes reasonable boundaries and becomes a means to obtain the desired pleasure to be obtained. At the same time, the altruist must take into account his own needs and not bring discomfort and harm from what gives the neighbor too much forces, energy or means. It is not good when these two normal character traits turn into hyperachemism and hyperalism;
Okay. A person who seeks to self-affirmation, success and glory, while complying with the laws of morality and order in society, is considered a purposeful personality. In the event that it does not infringe the interests of neighbors, while achieving certain goods and heights. He is respected, he is put as an example, he imites him. Altruist, who, not forgetting about himself, carries people good - worthy of respect and reverence.

How to talk to the egoist

Communication with such people is similar to the game in the same gate. This man, in the literal sense of the word, refuses you not only to listen, but even hear. It seems that you communicate with yourself. However, we do not choose relatives and employees. We have to deal with such people.

First of all, try not to give up under the pressure of such a person. For the most part, Egoists are leaders. They impose their own point of view to the interlocutor, and soon you understand that they think and speak it categories. Do not let him and your opinion.

The weak place of egoist - pride. They pass past the mockery and ridicule over themselves as long as this ropes of discontent develops into a cry, which, reaches their ears and consciousness. Knowing the sick place of egoists, you can easily get rid of, pointing to him in his own shortcomings. This method is effective, but he has unpleasant consequences - you earned your enemy for the rest of your life. It instantly interrupts a conversation with you, and hopita and anger that will spill at a convenient moment for this.

You do not want to spoil relationships with a person, but you have no desire or the time to communicate with him. Do it easier - flatter him, pick up and exaggerate his authority in his own eyes.

Now in his eyes you will become a "good guy", which can and conversation, and "appreciate" to evaluate the right people.

In love for a egoist of two positions can not be. You either obey this person always, or disappear from life without a trace. He will not bearing next to him critain and rebellion, who has his own opinion. In addition, the role of the second plan is your future. If you like this person, you will have to come to terms that he is smart in the house, his opinion is correct, and you are an application that will provide him with a relaxing existence and appreciates him complacency.

Releasing the egoist admonitions and assurances in the wrongness is impossible. It happens only when the consequence of its selfish actions becomes big experiences associated with grief. Again, it all depends on the person and his rethinking of life.

February 24, 2014, 16:27