Daria Yakimenko

During the walk, the children and I decided to game form, repeat traffic light colors, their meaning... The game is the most The best way, in order to explain the necessary information to children, clearly showing it.

game activity theme: Traffic light is our best friend!

Tasks:

- to acquaint children with the concepts “ traffic lights".

Teach them to cross the street correctly by signals traffic light.

- develop attentiveness, observation, improve the skills of safe behavior of participants road traffic;

- foster a culture of behavior on the streets and roads, discipline.

Explaining traffic light colors:

RED - stop!

YELLOW - get ready.

GREEN - go.

Attention! Stares straight

Three-eyed on you traffic lights!

Green, yellow, red eye -

He gives a decree to everyone!

It is necessary to study and know the rules of the road in order not to endanger your life and not to interfere with the movement of transport. Each rule is very important, and there are no rules just like that. Each rule has its own meaning, why it is so, and not in any case not the other way around!

How to behave on the street:

1. You need to know the basic rules of public and private transport.

2. Always remember how to cross the road in front of the tram and trolleybus.

3. Cross the road only at a pedestrian crossing!

4. Remember traffic light colors: red - stop, yellow - get ready, green - go.

5. When crossing the road, do not talk to your friends, but look first to the left, then to the right, and only then cross the road!

6. Do not play ball or outdoor games in places where vehicles may suddenly appear! It is very dangerous!

7. In ice or fog, be very careful on the street!

8. Cross the road yourself correctly and teach this to the younger ones.

We get acquainted with the rules of safe passage roads:

What if the red signal has already flashed, and you have already started the transition?

You need to go back to the sidewalk if you just started to cross the road.

If you find yourself in the middle of the carriageway, you must wait for the green signal, standing on "Island of safety" or on the center line. In no case should you step back or rush between moving cars - this can lead to sad consequences.

Yellow signal - warning. With a yellow signal, you cannot start crossing the street either. With a yellow signal, we only need to get ready for the start of the movement, waiting for a green signal traffic light!

You can only cross the road with a green signal traffic light.

Have you seen on the roads traffic lights which do not have a yellow signal, but this pedestrian traffic lights, their signals are required only for pedestrians.

Reminder of observance of traffic rules!

1. Cross the street only at intersections or where there is a sign "Transition" or wide transverse stripes. And only when on the traffic light turns on green.

2. If no traffic light, then leaving on the roadway, first look to the left - if there is any car nearby.

3. Do not cross the street in front of moving vehicles. Wait for it to pass.

4. If there is traffic lights, cross the street at the green signal!

5. A car, bus or trolleybus standing at a stop should go around only from behind in order to see in time if another car is following it. But it's even better to wait until they leave, and you will see the whole street, and you can safely and safely cross the road!

By observing all the rules of the road, you will show everyone good example, and nothing will threaten your life! Always remember this!

Related publications:

Synopsis of the traffic rules lesson "Visiting the Traffic Light" for children of the second junior group Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution child development center - Kindergarten№ 69 "Golden Key" Abstract.

Abstract of GCD for traffic rules "Little friends of the traffic light" Abstract of the GCD for traffic rules "Little friends of traffic lights" 3-4 years old Purpose: to consolidate the knowledge of children about the rules of the road, about the work of traffic lights.

Summary of traffic rules lesson "Visiting a traffic light" To acquaint children with the rules of the road, develop memory, perception. Give an idea of ​​the traffic light, its purpose. Secure.

Abstract on traffic rules "School of a fun traffic light" Synopsis of the event dedicated to the safe transportation of children, "School of funny traffic lights" Educators: Yusupova Yulia Tafkilievna, MDOAU.

Summary of traffic rules for the middle group "Little friends of the traffic light" Educator MBDOU No. 74, Shakhty, Rostov region Educational tasks: To give children knowledge about where and how to cross the street, to acquaint.

Summary of traffic rules classes in the second junior group "Visiting the Traffic Light" Abstract of a lesson on traffic rules in the 2nd younger group v educational area « Cognitive development"Educator MDOU" D / S No. 51 "Klepikova.

Reading 6 min.

Traffic lights are one of the main tools that regulate the behavior of cars and pedestrians within the framework of traffic rules. Different types of traffic lights are used, focused on solving narrow tasks: traffic lights at intersections, railway, etc. Basically, they are divided by the addressee, that is, the signal is addressed to the pedestrian or driver.

All types of these devices are designed to solve the following tasks:

  • Reducing the level of danger to human life and health.
  • Improving the quality of road traffic (traffic lights are combined into unified system to optimize traffic).
  • Reducing the harm from car exhaust for environment(by optimizing the speed of cars, minimizing stops, etc.).

A traffic light is a device usually enclosed in a plastic or aluminum housing. It is located at such a height, from where it can be clearly seen by car drivers and pedestrians. Typically, the design of such a traffic light (often called pulse) involves the use of LED matrices, the service life of which is up to five years. In sparsely populated areas, less durable and outdated incandescent lamps are sometimes used.


According to GOST, the visibility of a traffic light, subject to most conditions, should be at least 100 meters.

Sometimes the device is equipped with a hand-held control panel to enable pedestrians to cross the road. This is done on those sections of roads where the flow of pedestrians is not so active as to regularly slow down the flow of cars.

IMPORTANT! Modern traffic lights in large cities are included in a single system that controls their work, starting from a number of conditions: the density of the traffic flow, the time of day and other factors. The complexity of such systems varies depending on the characteristics of a particular transport infrastructure or its sections. Such systems can be connected not only to traffic lights, but also video cameras or other sources of information (including traffic police posts).

Changes in the traffic situation can lead to the fact that the information timer at the usual traffic lights will change its value. This usually occurs in the direction of increasing the duration of the permitting signal for transport. According to experts, the future of a comfortable urban environment presupposes further computerization of urban car traffic systems.

At a given frequency, the device gives instructions to road users:

  • Move (green signal).
  • Prepare to stop or move (orange).
  • Stop (red).

For drivers, the color of the signal is the opposite of what pedestrians crossing the road receive. A flashing signal means that it will soon change to another.


The duration of the signal change cycle can be from 80 to 160 seconds. Traffic lights with a timer are usually of a vertical shape, it should provide information on how many seconds are left before the signal changes.

Types of traffic lights

Classic traffic light - three-color with round lamps: red, orange and green. Usually they are located vertically, but horizontal paths are used on wide multi-lane paths.

Road and pedestrian traffic lights

Types road traffic lights more, since transport has a higher variability of movement than pedestrians. The types of traffic lights have the following purpose.

  • Traffic lights with arrows pointing in one or more directions. They permit movement in the appropriate direction.
  • Traffic lights with arrows pointing in the direction of travel (up). They are used in cases where traffic on their signal is not crossed by other traffic streams (practically not found in the post-Soviet space).
  • There may be reduced versions of road traffic lights that are similar in meaning. They are used as auxiliary (duplicate the signal) when the main traffic light is poorly visible.
  • Horizontal traffic light board with several screens. Used to allow or prohibit movement in one or more lanes when reversing traffic. Also installed near tunnels. The designation of a prohibiting signal is usually an oblique cross, a permitting one is an arrow.
  • Traffic lights for traffic on a dedicated lane.
  • Traffic lights at railway crossings.
  • Special traffic light with one yellow signal. Signals that there is an unregulated intersection or pedestrian crossing ahead.
  • Traffic light with two signals. It is installed in places of narrowing of the road (usually at the time of its repair) and the introduction of reverse movement here.



Traffic lights for pedestrians are usually two signals. Often the signal looks like a stylized picture of a person walking or standing.

Railway traffic light signals are intended for train drivers. Types of traffic lights on railroad have richer colors. In addition to the standard colors, the driver of the train also receives information from the blue and white traffic lights, as well as their various combinations.


For a motorist, when crossing railways there is general principle: green - "you can go" and red - "you can not go".

Another type - a white traffic light for trams, and sometimes other vehicles moving along a dedicated lane, has a T-shape and 4 single-color signals.


Movement or turning is possible only if the lower one is active, as well as one or more upper ones. Accordingly, one of the upper ones allows you to move in one of the corresponding directions.

IMPORTANT! That is, the driver must follow the direction in which the tram is allowed and plan his movement, starting from this information. At the same time, such a traffic light gives instructions exclusively to the tram (other passenger transport).



This type of traffic light is used when driving in one lane. It is usually used when repairing a road or in other narrowed areas. It can consist of two signals: a red oblique cross - movement is prohibited and a green arrow - allowed. Sometimes a third signal is used - an oblique arrow pointing to the right or left. Thus, the driver receives information on which lane he will need to change to.

Traffic lights with additional sections can have up to five of them in total. These additional sections clarify prescriptions in a specific direction. They can be L-shaped or T-ob different shapes.


Arrows and arrow sections

Usually, in order to continue driving, it must resolve the signal on the center vertical line of the traffic light. Additional sections (one or more green arrows) clarify the ability to move to the side. If they are not active, turning in this direction is prohibited, even if the enable signal is active on the vertical row.

IMPORTANT! Since turning to the right or left are different maneuvers according to traffic rules, it is important which of the additional sections allows you to make a turn.

If the right section allows turning (the main permitting signal is active), only pedestrians should give way if they are on the road. Usually they are prohibited from entering the road at this moment.

If the left section allows the turn, usually there is no need to wait for interference, since the rest of the traffic participants are prohibited from interfering with such a maneuver. However, if the transport will move along the “oncoming lane”, it will have to give way.

If the prohibiting signal of the main section is on, but the turn is allowed by the signal on the additional section, such a maneuver can be performed. The main condition is not to interfere with other road users.

Traffic light rules

The first and foremost rule is that you should never drive on red. As well as red with simultaneously active orange (yellow). You can only move to yellow if stopping requires dangerous emergency braking.

A flashing yellow signal often warns of an unregulated intersection or that traffic will soon be prohibited or permitted.

Responsibility for violation of the rules

Driving at a redirecting traffic light, as well as refusing to respond to a gesture shown by a traffic controller, in the Russian Federation is punishable by a fine of 800 to 1000 rubles or deprivation of rights for up to six months. In case of repeated such violation, a new fine can be up to 5,000 rubles, deprivation of rights - for a similar period.


At first glance, traffic signals are all very simple and we all know them from childhood. Red - stop, yellow - get ready, green - go. This is a very simple rule. In this article, we'll take a deeper look at this rule in the framework.


Let's find all the pitfalls hidden in the traffic lights. The most interesting will be the signals that are in the additional section of the traffic light and what signals there may be in this section. We will consider Chapter 6 of the Rules of the Road in terms of regulating traffic through an intersection with traffic signals.

6.1. Traffic lights use light signals of green, yellow, red and white-lunar colors.

Depending on the purpose, traffic signals can be round, in the form of an arrow (arrows), a silhouette of a pedestrian or a bicycle, and X-shaped.

Traffic lights with round signals can have one or two additional sections with signals in the form of a green arrow (arrows), which are located at the level of the green round signal.

Traffic signals of a white-moon color, in the form of a silhouette of a pedestrian or a bicycle, and X-shaped signals will not be considered within the framework of this article.

6.2. Round traffic signals have the following meanings:

  • Green signal allows movement;
  • A green flashing signal permits movement and informs that its duration will expire and a prohibition signal will soon be turned on (digital displays can be used to inform drivers about the time in seconds remaining until the end of the green signal);
  • A yellow signal prohibits movement, except as provided for in clause 6.14 of the Rules, and warns of an impending change of signals;
  • A yellow flashing signal allows movement and informs about the presence of an unregulated intersection or pedestrian crossing, warns of danger;
  • A red signal, including a blinking one, prohibits movement.

The combination of red and yellow signals prohibits movement and informs about the upcoming turning on of the green signal.

This paragraph of the SDA describes round traffic signals. The most common traffic light, which is most often found on the roads.

6.3. Traffic signals in the form of arrows in red, yellow and green have the same meaning as the round signals of the corresponding color, but their effect only applies to the direction (s) indicated by the arrows. In this case, the arrow, allowing a left turn, also allows a U-turn, if this is not prohibited by the corresponding road sign.

The green arrow in the additional section has the same meaning. The off signal of the additional section means the prohibition of movement in the direction regulated by this section.

The first thing you should pay attention to is that the signals are made in the form of arrows, i.e. the arrow is the signal. The signal is not circular. Traffic signals with a contour arrow do not fit this definition and clause 6.3 of the SDA is not applicable to them.

The second important point, traffic signals made in the form of arrows regulate only indicated directions. For example, if the red arrow to the right is lit, then movement is prohibited only to the right, movement straight ahead, turn left and U-turn are not regulated by this signal.

Similarly, with the signal of the green arrow, but only on condition that the arrow is in the main section of the traffic light. It is very simple to determine, for example, at night, whether this is the main section of the traffic light or the additional one - if the section is additional, then any signal must be on in the main section of the traffic light, if there are no other signals besides the arrow, then this means that the arrow is in the main section.

6.4. If a black outline arrow (arrows) is marked on the main green traffic light, it informs drivers about the presence of an additional section of the traffic light and indicates other permitted directions of movement than the signal of the additional section.

This clause describes the purpose of the traffic light outline arrow. We see that the contour arrow can be drawn only in the main section, and only on the green signal of the traffic light and, unlike the signal in the form of an arrow, the contour arrow allows movement only in the indicated directions. In other directions, traffic is prohibited.

At this point, we could finish our material, if not for one very common situation in practice. We often see a traffic light with the following signal:

Before us is a traffic light with an additional section and a round signal. It would seem that according to clause 6.3 it is forbidden to move in the direction regulated by this section.

But let's figure it out:

  • According to clause 6.2, a round green signal permits movement in all directions, clause 6.3 regulates traffic signals made in the form of arrows, in this case clause 6.3 is not applicable.
  • The additional section may not be visible at night, and traffic signals may not have different meaning depending on the time of day.
  • We do not know the direction regulated by the additional section, we only know that it is "different" from the signal in the main section, and in the main section we have a green signal that allows movement in all directions,
  • An additional section may not contain a traffic signal at all, but be used, for example, for a timer.

Thus, with a given traffic signal, in accordance with clause 6.2, traffic is allowed in all directions, unless otherwise prohibited by signs or markings.

MIA response

Let's summarize:

  • The round traffic signal extends to all directions,
  • The traffic light signal made in the form of an arrow in the main section applies only to the indicated direction and does not regulate movement in other directions,
  • The traffic signal made in the form of an arrow in the additional section applies only to the indicated direction and prohibits movement in other directions,
  • A round traffic light signal on which a contour arrow is applied extends only to the indicated direction and prohibits movement in other directions.

And this is how the TV show "Main Road" on NTV sees the situation.

You are dear to you without obstacles!

Today it is very difficult to imagine traffic rules without the main tool for ordering traffic, which is a traffic light. It is designed to regulate and facilitate both car and pedestrian traffic. Distinguish between different traffic signals, depending on their function. Although they are similar to each other, they have certain nuances that must be remembered.

Traffic light: definition

A traffic light is an optical signaling device that is designed to control the movement of cars, bicycles and other vehicles, as well as pedestrians. It is used in all world states without exception.

Interesting! Previously, there was no green light in traffic lights in Japan. It was replaced by blue. But scientists have proven that green is more acceptable to human eyes.

Types of traffic lights

The most common are three-color traffic lights with round signals: red, yellow and green. Traffic rules in some countries require the use of orange traffic signals instead of yellow ones. Signals can be placed both vertically and horizontally. If no other special traffic lights or additional sections are provided, then they regulate the movement of all types of transport, as well as pedestrians. Next we will consider different kinds traffic lights, from everyday to special ones.

Classic three-section traffic light

Such a traffic light has, as a rule, three colors, arranged in order: red, yellow, green - from top to bottom or from left to right. Such traffic lights are installed at intersections. They are designed for the simultaneous passage of all types of transport in all directions permitted by traffic rules. They are also installed at regulated pedestrian crossings located between intersections. It is allowed to install such a traffic light on railway crossing v settlements, at the intersection of the road with tram lines, in front of the cycle path and the carriageway. They can also be seen where there is a narrowing of the carriageway to allow oncoming traffic alternately.


Interesting fact!The first three-section traffic light was installed in Detroit in 1920.

Two-piece

Traffic lights with two sections are used to regulate the flow of traffic on the territories of industrial enterprises and organizations, as well as during the narrowing of the carriageway to organize a single-lane reverse traffic flow.

Single-section traffic light with yellow light

This one-color traffic light is found at unregulated intersections and pedestrian crossings.

Traffic lights with additional section

Traffic lights can be equipped with additional sectional sections with arrows or arrow contours. They regulate the movement of traffic in one direction or another. Such traffic lights work, according to traffic rules, as follows: the outline of the arrows on all signals of a conventional three-color traffic light means that its action extends only in one indicated direction.


An additional section of a traffic light with a green arrow on a black background, according to traffic rules, allows passage, but does not provide advantages during the crossing. Sometimes you can see the always burning green signal, which is made in the form of a plate with a solid green arrow. This means, according to the traffic rules, that the turn is allowed, despite the prohibiting traffic signals.

Such traffic lights are installed in those places where it is necessary to organize conflict-free traffic at intersections. If a green light comes on at one of these traffic lights, then, crossing the intersection, you can not give way. To avoid emergency situations, personal traffic lights are placed above each lane, which show the direction of movement that is allowed from a particular lane.


Reversible traffic lights

To regulate traffic on the lanes of the carriageway, reversible traffic lights are used. These are special strip control knobs. At such traffic lights, from two to three signals can be placed: a red signal in the form of the letter "X" prohibits movement on a specific lane. The green arrow pointing down, on the contrary, allows movement. A diagonal yellow arrow signals that the lane mode has been changed and shows in which direction you need to leave it.


Traffic lights to regulate traffic across a pedestrian crossing

Usually such traffic lights have only two types of signals: the first one permits, the second one prohibits. As a rule, they correspond to green and red. The signals themselves can be of different shapes. Often they are depicted as a stylized silhouette of a person: standing red and walking green. For example, in America, the prohibitory signal is carried out in the form of a raised red palm, which means “stop”. Sometimes the inscriptions are used: red "stop" and green "walk". In other countries, respectively, in other languages.

On highways with busy traffic, traffic lights with automatic switching are installed. But there are times when you can switch the traffic light by pressing a special button, which allows you to cross the road for a certain time. For convenience, modern traffic lights are equipped with a digital time display. For blind people, sound devices are mounted in traffic lights.

To regulate the movement of trams

Tram traffic lights, as a rule, are placed in front of areas with limited visibility, long ups and downs, at the tram depot and in front of the switches. Tram signals are of two types: green and red. They are installed either to the right of the tracks, or they are hung in the center above the contact wire. Basically, such traffic lights notify tram drivers whether the path is busy further or not. They do not regulate the movement of other vehicles and are purely individual. Their work is built automatically.


Traffic lights: driving rules

Round flashing lights mean the following: a static green signal permits the movement of vehicles or pedestrians, and a flashing green signal of a traffic light means that a prohibitory signal will light up soon, but for the time being, movement is allowed.

Interesting fact!Residents of large cities in general spend about six months of their lives waiting for a permitting traffic signal.

What does a yellow traffic light mean? It warns that the prohibiting signal will be replaced by a permissive one or vice versa, and prohibits movement for the duration of its action. A flashing yellow traffic light means that the section of the road on which this traffic light is located is not regulated. If it is located at an intersection and operates in this mode, then the intersection is unregulated. Drivers are guided by those articles of the traffic rules, which stipulate the passage of unregulated intersections. A static and flashing red signal prohibits movement in any direction.

Red and yellow traffic light signals lit at the same time indicate that it is forbidden to move further, and the green light will light up soon. The white-moon traffic signal informs that the signaling is in good order and you can continue driving. Such traffic lights are installed on tram and railway tracks.


Traffic light signals, which are in the form of arrows, mean the following: red, yellow and green arrows mean the same as round signals, only they act in a certain direction. An arrow that points to the left also permits a U-turn, if this does not prohibit the corresponding traffic sign next in priority.

The green arrow of the additional section has a similar meaning. If this signal is off, or the red outline is on, it means that movement in this direction is prohibited. If the main green signal has a black outline arrow, then this means that there are other directions of movement besides those indicated by the additional section.

What is more important: a sign, traffic light or markings?

Traffic rules imply the following priority: the main one is the traffic controller, then the traffic light, then the sign and then the markings. The signals of the traffic controller are more important than traffic signals and the requirements of road signs. They are mandatory. All traffic signals, except for the flashing yellow, are more significant than traffic signs. All road users are obliged to follow the instructions of the traffic controller, even if they contradict traffic lights, signs and markings.

The German capital has a traffic light with thirteen signals. It is not so easy to immediately understand his testimony.

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The first thing that comes to mind when you mention the color red is danger. but main reason where exactly red was chosen to prohibit traffic is visibility from a greater distance. According to Rayleigh's law, discovered in 1871, the longer the wavelength, the less light is scattered. Of all the colors available to the human eye (not counting purple), it is red that has the maximum wavelength and is 620-740 nanometers.

Although the Rayleigh scatter was discovered later than the first traffic light, the choice of red for the red signal was based on experience gained on the railroad, as the inventor of the world's first automatic traffic controller, John Peak Knight, was a railway engineer.

But the first traffic light did not last long: already on January 2, 1869, the gas in the lantern exploded, seriously injuring the policeman who was driving it. Because of this incident, traffic lights were banned in Britain and reappeared on the streets of London after 60 years.

Yellow

Garrett Morgan patent.

According to the same Rayleigh law, yellow belongs to the "silver" in the competition for the best visibility - its wavelength is 570-590 nanometers. Orange can be seen even better, which is why yellow often has an orange tint in modern traffic lights.

The first three-color traffic light was patented by Garrett Morgan in 1923, who then sold the patent to General Electric for $ 40,000. as the red light turns on, therefore, it was necessary to come up with a third, warning signal. This is how the traffic light got yellow.

By the way, until the 90s of the last century, in some countries, a yellow traffic signal was used instead of a red one. The fact is that at night in poorly lit areas, the red light was poorly visible to drivers. However, after the invention of LED traffic lights, the color red was "revived" and yellow was again used only as a warning signal.

Green

The wavelength of green is 495-570 nanometers, which is shorter than that of red and green. Therefore, it is seen worse than red and yellow, but better than other primary colors available to our perception.

It is interesting that the prototype of tricolor automobile traffic lights also became railway ones. However, the "trio" of colors was somewhat different. Red indicated a stop signal, green indicated readiness, and white allowed movement. But it was difficult for train drivers to distinguish white from lanterns or stars, which led to numerous accidents. Therefore, it was decided to abandon the white color and the railway traffic light became two-color: red prohibited traffic, and green allowed.

By the way, some traffic lights in Japan use blue instead of green - and this is due to the fact that in Japanese for a long time the same hieroglyph was used to denote both green and blue.