Jobs 18 EGE in Russian. "The signs of punctuation when contacting and introductory words." Thanks for attention

Theory for task number 18 EGE 2019 in Russian

"Proinition signs when handling and introductory words»

Next topics need to know:
-Work words and phrases
-Chemers.

Introductory words and phrases

Introductory words and phrases are not members of the sentence (the question cannot be asked), they are allocated to commits, do not change the information in the proposal, they can be excluded without distortion of meaning.

Groups of Introductory Words

1. Self-talking feelings (joy, anger, regret, etc.).
Fortunately, unfortunately, to the horror, for shame, on will, on joy, etc.
2. Degree of confidence (assumption, opportunity, uncertainty, etc.).
Maybe maybe, apparently, in fact, it seems that it would seem undoubtedly, however, it is necessary to believe, in fact, of course, etc.
3. Communication of thoughts, sequence of presentation
So, therefore, by the way, first, secondly, on the other hand, for example, most importantly, thus, by the way, it means, on the contrary, etc.
4. Source message
According to rumors, they say, according to someone, in my opinion, in my opinion, according to legend, it is remembered, reported, transmit, etc.
5. Receptions and ways of thinking
In other words, in other words, simply say, gently expressing, in one word, etc.
6. Call for the interlocutor or reader to attract attention
You know (whether), you know (Lee), sorry, sorry, sorry, listen, Believe me, you see, imagine, please, etc.
7. Assessment of the measure of what is said
At least at least the least
8. The degree of normalization of the reported
As usual, it happens, it happened, it happens, etc.
9. Expressive expression of the statement
To say to honor, honestly, in truth, on conscience, it is funny to say, etc.

Omonium
The same words can be used both as introductory and as members of the sentence! (You can ask questions to members of the sentence, for introductory words - it is impossible)

EG:
You, right, know this person. (Introductory word)
You are rightly transferred text. (adverb)
First of all, do you need to talk about it? (Introductory word)
First of all, you need to talk about the book (adverb).
He, you know, a man is obligatory. (Introductory word)
Do you know him? (verb)

Are not introductory and not allocated by commas the following words and phrases:
Perhaps, literally, as if, in addition, to top item, suddenly, after all, ultimately, it is unlikely that, nevertheless, even if, exclusively, it is, as if, as if, just, besides Meanwhile, I suppose, at a proposal, by decree, by decision, approximately, approximately, almost, therefore, simply, decisively, as if allegedly

Complex cases
I. Particles Oh, Ah, and others facing appeals, are not separated from them.
Examples: O my dear, my gentle, beautiful garden (C.); Ah Nadia, Nadya, we were happy ... (OK.); About favorite heart deceptions, misfortune of infant years! On the day, when the glades are green, I have no deliverance from you (sampling); About the sun, split through the measure, ugasni, smile over the poor earth! (Zab.); Death, and death, still do I give me one word there? (TV.).

II. If the interomotion turns out before appeal, it is separated by a comma or an exclamation mark.
Examples: ah, my fields, cute furrows, you are good in sorrow (EC); Hey, three octs under the thread, go take a bolt! - From that day Zakhar Pavlovich was called the nickname "three octs under the thread" (boards.). The word O (in the meaning of Ah) can also be as interjection: Oh, my lost freshness, the rustling of the eyes and the flood of feelings (her).

How to distinguish Omonial particles and interjections (oh, ah, a)

The particle has an amplifying value and the intonation is not separated from the treatment (there is no independent stress);
Interjections are intonational independent, shocks, after them there is a pause.
Compare:
About the field my cherished, you are now resting after the harvest (aytm.)
Oh, the wind! Oh, snow storms! (Bl.).

Interjections hey (as a call to attention) can also act as an appeal.
Examples: Hey, Beware! Arrange a closure! (Called); - Hey, care there! - shouted StepXa (cool.); - Where to? What are you? Hey! .. (Shuksh.); - Hey! It is impossible! - Frost (current) was frightened.

The eighteenth assignment of the exam in Russian, aimed at checking the ability of graduates to arrange punctuation signs in a complex sentence, can bring one primary score In the case of its proper execution. Let's repeat the theory of punctuation of a complex proposal.

Theory for the task number 18 of the Russian language

Complex sentence divided to the main and pressing part; The latter joins with the help of unions and allied words and may be before, after and inside the first.

In the apparent parts of the complex proposal are used alliances and allied words:

as if, for nothing that, if (if ... then), for, why, as if, as soon as, what, when, who, who, where, only only, rather than, from where, why because, why, like, because, so, just that, for sure, though, whose, than, that, and others.

The complex offer is divided into main and pressing part; The latter joins with the help of unions and may be before, after and inside the first. The apparent part is separated by the comma in the following cases:

Comma between the main part and the apparent is not put

1. If before the subordinate union or the union word compound Soyuz and (or particle): He did not return to me a book and when I read it.
2. If there is a particle before the subordinate to the union not : Preparing for exams It is necessary not when the session will begin, but long before that (not ... a).
3. If the apparent part is truncated to one union word (single-used allied word loses the function of the apparent offer): Students appointed an exam, but did not specify when.
4. If the apparent part, thanks to the union and, oris included in a number of homogeneous members: During work and when the film came out, I did not really figure it out in it..

In complex proposals, complexities are used in compounds: due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, if, while, due to the fact that, on the basis of what, while, as despite the fact that because, before, as, as, as, as, because before, in order to, earlier than, so that, since, with the target, just like, so, Especially since others.

The unions can come in entirely into the apparent part, and then the comma is put before the first part of the Union: He [day] seemed enormous, endless and active, despite the fact that in the way we did not even spoke with each other.

But unions can be dismembered - depending on the meaning of supply, logical allocation (strengthening) of the first part of the Union. In this case, the comma is placed in front of the second part of the Union, and the first is included in the main part as a correlative word: Because we got up very early and then did not do anything, this day seemed very long.

Do not dismember sophisticated unions whereas as if as if like, meanwhile: It was very similar to, as if the car went away.

Sophisticated unions:

It is important to remember: If two subordinates Soyuz They are nearby, there is a comma between them in all cases, except for those such as complex unions with that. After the union word "who" the comma does not put.

The assignment algorithm

1. Carefully read the task.
2. We arrange punctuation marks in accordance with the rules of the punctuation of the Russian language.
3. Perform syntactic analysisto understand how many parts in complex offer, and determine their borders.
4. Record the correct answer.

Analysis of typical options of the task number 18 of the EGE in the Russian language

Eighteenth Task Demonstration Option 2018

Put the punctuation marks: Specify the number (s), on the site of which (s) in the sentence should stand the comma (s).

Chekhov's records for research "Medical work in Russia" (1) Work on which (2) began in 1884 (3) were published only after the death of the writer.

Task Performance Algorithm:

1. Chekhov's records for research "Medical Business in Russia", work on which began in 1884, were published only after the death of the writer.
2. Offer complicated, with subordinationconsists of 2 parts: 1) Chekhov's records for research "Medical Case in Russia" were published only after the death of the writer- the main part of the complex proposal; 2) work on which began in 1884 - The apparent definition is connected to the first part with the help of an allied word with, since it is inside the first part, then on both sides allocate it with commas.

Answer: 1, 3.

The first version of the task

The share of ordinary phones among others mobile devices(1) Through which (2) goes on the Internet (3) there is still quite a lot of weight and is now 39%, but already seen (4) What happened the turning point: the popularity of smartphones and tablets overtook regular phones.

Task Performance Algorithm:

1. It is necessary to place the punctuation marks and indicate those numbers on the place of which comma should stand.
2. The share of ordinary phones among other mobile devices through which the Internet goes, is still quite a weight and is 39%, but it is already clear that the turning point happened: the popularity of smartphones and tablets overtook regular phones.
3. The share of ordinary phones among other mobile devices is still quite life and is now 39% - the proposal is complicated by homogeneous legend; 2) through which go online - Puttingular definition, connected to 1 part with the help of an allied word which the, we allocate the apparent from two sides with commas; 3) but already visible - part of a complex sentence associated with 1 part with the help of the Union but; four) what happened a turning point - an impressive alienative, associated with the 3 part with the help of the Union that, before the union, which put the comma; five) the popularity of smartphones and tablets overtook regular phones - Part of difficult non-union sentenceassociated with 4 part with a colon.

Answer: 1, 3, 4.

Second version of the task

Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers on the site of which the commas should stand in the sentence.

When he expressed a useless thought aloud (1) His comrade unexpectedly again nervous and began to speak annoyed (2) that he does not understand the careless russian people(3) which (4) not only his life does not put anything, but also to do it on others.

Task Performance Algorithm:

1. It is necessary to place the punctuation marks and indicate those numbers on the place of which comma should stand.
2. When he expressed a useless thought aloud, his comrade unexpectedly spookered again and began to say annoyingly that he did not understand the careless Russian people, who not only her life would not put on anything, but also to do it.
3. The proposal is complex, with various types of communication, consists of 5-parts: 1) When he expressed a useless thought loud -pressing time relating to 2 parts, separate the apparent part of the comma ; 2) his comrade unexpectedly ravaged again and began to speak irritably- the main part of the complex proposal complicated by homogeneous legends; 3) what he does not understand the careless Russian people - Putting-empty, joins the 2 parts with the help of the Union that, before the Union, we put the comma; four) which not only does not put his life - the apparent definition is connected to the 3 part with the help of an allied word that, before the union word, put the comma; five) but also to do it - Part of a complex proposal associated with 4 part with the help of the Union but.

Answer: 1, 2, 3.

Third version of the task

Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers on the site of which the commas should stand in the sentence.

Task Performance Algorithm:

1. It is necessary to place the punctuation marks and indicate those numbers on the place of which comma should stand.
2. We think that research of social networks that have become so popular throughout the world will develop in the near future in a separate branch of psychology.
3. The proposal is complex, with a subordination link, consists of 3 parts: 1) we think -the main part of the complex proposal ; 2) that research of social networks will develop in the near future in a separate branch of psychology - an impressive applied, joins 1 part with the help of a union that, in front of which we put the comma; 3) who became popular all over the world - Puttingular definition, joins 2 parts with the help of an allied word that, in front of which we put the comma.

Ege 2017. Task 18.

Punctuation marks in complexion offer

This is how this task looks in the demolity of 2017

Arrange the punctuation marks:

The idea of \u200b\u200ba single European space (1) fan (2) of which (3) was the first director of the Tsarskoyel Lyceum

Malinovsky (4) gained many supporters.

Answer: 14

What is required from you when performing this task?

 Rule

As a rule, the grammatical foundations are separated by commas.

( Melekhov left on the defense], ( when already in the meadow was near half a farmer) .

(How wood ronyet leaves), [so i roniai sad words] (S. Yesenin).

We repeat the basic concepts

Complex sentence - Offer that includes the main thing and one or more apparent.

 Trap number 1!

In simple sentences that are part of a complex, can be either only subject to or only to be tamed. Do not mistake when you determine the basics!

[ Soon five years] , ( as i i work at the institute).

 Trap number 2!

Subordinate clause May be inside the main offer.

It must be allocated with commas on both sides!

 Remember!

In a complex proposal there are introductory structures, definitions, applications and circumstances that require comma selection!

Do not put a comma in a complex sentence after the main grammatical basis:

with one apparent

1) if the apparent \u003d one union word (relative pronoun or adverb):

with two homogeneous appendages (depend on the same word or base and answer the same question)

2) If the words in front of him are especially, in particular, namely, that is, as well. The comma will stand in front of these words:

Me reproach , but i do not know in what

1) If negation is worth not:

But (in what).

2) if the apparent proposals are connected to the help of unions and, or, or, nor (usually repeated):

Expedition we'll have to finish ahead of time adverse conditions, namely if will begin season rains.

I came Not to prevent you, and to help .

Student could not remember neither called composition nor who his author .

, namely (if).

(not to), A (so that)

(neither), (no one)

With composite unions:

thanks to

due to the fact that

At the beginning of the offer - the comma is not divided

due to the fact that

(After i listened violin), [me i wanted to die From incomprehensible sadness and delight].

due to the fact that

[I going to become a geologist] , (because geologist was Sergey) .

In the middle of the sentence - comma - once!

Not + Composite Union:

because of

because

[I came on the performance ne. because is he there was an interesting).

Amplifier particle + composite union :

although

[ Listeners cut in a concert hall only because representation it was free).

instead of

Introductory Word + Composite Union:

in order to

so as to

[We laigrated football match maybe due to the fact that were oblosts In the tactics of the game).

while

after

before as

since

as well as

Algorithm of action

1. Allocate the grammatical foundations.

2. Allocate the union or the union word.

3. Determine the boundaries of the main and pressing proposals.

4. Find out whether there are conditions under which the comma before pressing is not put.

5. Sliding punctuation marks.

6. Select a response option.

7. To write out all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

IN Kima Eger recent years Most often, the task concerns the alignment of punctuation signs in SPP with puttingular definition , so consider this type of proposals in more detail.

Puttingular definitions relate to a member of the main supply, a pronounced nouns or other word used in the meaning of the noun, and answer the questions of the definitions (which? What? ...).

Podid decisions Attached to the main most often with the help of allied words: what that, what, when, where and etc.

The apparent definition is always worth either after the main offer, or within the main one:

The house stands on the hill in which we live.

House, in which we live, stands on the hillock.

Note!

• Never put a comma after the union word that:

Events, witnesses which we have become , shocked the city.

2. If a union word which is a word-dependent word, the comma is put before camera accompany, and after the word that is not:

Here is a book, read which you will disabling a lot for yourself .

3. If the apparent definition is homogeneous and are connected by the unique union and, the comma is not set between them:

Books which i read I. which would advise you , written by our contemporaries.

Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

Khlestakov managed to hold (1) even gondaling (2) Plooting (3) of which (4) was known to the entire city.

2. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

Cicero (1) speech (2) of which (3) is recognized as a sample oratory. (4) was a convinced supporter of the preservation and strengthening of the Senate Republic.

3. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

At the Kola Peninsula (1), places (2) are still preserved (2) to get (3) to which (4) can only be a helicopter or tracked technology.

4. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

We are those (1), which (2) here (3) running in the dark (4) we feed you.

5. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

Here is the book (1) reading (2) (3) you will disabling a lot for yourself.

6. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

Heat (1) with which the daughter talked about his mother (2) and (3) which covered her face (4) involuntarily attracted attention.

7. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

It was brought to the tea inheritish pie (1) from the type of which everyone revived (2) moved (3) and they spoke fun.

8. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

The history of scientific fiction is the history of ideas (1) which (2) changed the world (3) but (4) who first were ridiculed and rejected.

8. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

Speleologists in the light of the lantern (1) illuminated the entire cave (2) saw a fragment of a rock (3) on which (4) were drawn figures of people and animals.

9. Arrange the punctuation marks: Specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

At high (1) the green rod of the metering, the lush borders of snow-white colors (2) of unprecedented beauty (3) who published an indescribable aroma (4) immediately filling the entire greenhouse.

Thanks for attention!

Successful surchase EGE - 2017

18 -1. Arrange the punctuation marks: specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence.

1. Before Mother (1), a small fire was divorced and two or three heads (2) smoke (3) were smoked (3) from which (4) went straight to her.

2. We rose (1) on a rather steep hillside (2) on a flat surface (3) of which (4) there were several new and old unfinished lords.

3. Lieutenant Vulich (1) on the face (2) of which (3) Hero "read the seal of death" (4) remains alive.

4. We had to walk for transport to Dawn (1) To cross the river in a quiet time (2), since every day (3) as soon as the sun began to harbor (4) a strong wind was played out.

5. Iron - the most important of the vital microelements (1) the main role (2) of which (3) is the provision of an organism with oxygen.

6. Batyushkov was a recognized idol-lyceist (1) idol (1) in verses (2) of which (3) "Echoes of Lira Batyushkov" (4) were very numerous.

7. Phraseology is such a phrase (1) general value (2) of which (3) is not excreted (4) from the independent values \u200b\u200bof the words.

8. The basis of realistic creativity F. Dostoevsky is the world of human suffering (1) in the image (2) of which (3) he does not know equal.

9. From the Stone Pier (1) of the stage (2) of which (3) descended directly into the water (4) the city with European hotels and restaurants began.

10. Unlike I.S. Turgenev (1) in novels (2) of which (3) were covered by the stages of spiritual searches of intellectuals of the 40-70s of the XIX century (4) I.A. Goncharov was passionate about the study of other order phenomena.

18-2. Arrange the punctuation marks: specify all the numbers in which the commas should stand in the sentence .

1. Light secular comedy is a play (1) of intrigue (2) which is very elegant.

2. Therapy peonies (1) leaves (2) of which (3) fly off for winter (4) over time turn into magnificent blooming splashing bushes.

3. Chekhov dreams about the future life talk about the high culture of the Spirit, about the world soul, about the new wonderful life (1) to create which we need (4) two hundredth three hundred work, work, suffer.

4. Especially often (1) the poet was in the deer (2) daughter (3) of which (4) was the subject of his serious passion.

5. Rose (1) The first mentions (2) on which (3) refer to the fifth century BC. (4) Described in Old Indian legends.

6. Scientists have created a unique material (1) of the granules (2) of which (3) possess the ability (4) to hold a huge amount of moisture.

7. The first stage of business conversations or negotiations (1) may be a familiarization meeting (2) in the process (3) of which (4) specifies the subject of negotiations, and organizational issues are resolved.

8. In one of the bays Pacific Ocean (1) A giant squid (2) of the diameter of the eye (3) was discovered (3) (4) equal to one and a half meters.

9. It was a poetess (1) in the charming verses (2) of which (3) a certain mystery was hidden.

10. Once in the tsarist village (1), the bear armor threw a chain from the pillar (2) near which his booth was arranged (4) and ran into the garden.

Answers.

18-1.

18-2.

1-2

1-1

2-2

2-14

In the task of 18 EGE in the Russian language, you work with complex proposals consisting of the main and apparent offer. You know that on the borders simple offers Complex must be commas. What difficulties can meet when determining these borders?

Task wording:

Arrange the punctuation marks:specify all the numbers on the site of which

the proposal should stand commas.

there are more than sixty thousand artistic works (4) reflects the development of Russian art starting from the XI century.

Recall that you need to know to determine the boundaries between the main and presidency.

The delivered proposal joins the main thing with the help of alliances or allied words, which, as a rule, are located on the border of proposals, i.e. begin the apparent part. But there are some suggestions in which the union or the union word is not after the comma on the border of the proposals, but insideput supply offer.

Podep can stand before the main proposal, after it and inside His. Commas put on the border of the proposals:

1), (Union or Union Word) 2) (Union or Union Word),

3) [, (Union or Union Word),]

What kind of syntactic structures are most often found on the exam? Complexed proposals with the pressing part, which is located inside The main offer (see scheme 3) and joins him with the help of an allied word which the. (Do not forget that this word is inclined and may have an excuse.)

How to do this task? Read the offer expressively, the semantic pauses will indicate you on the border of the proposals. Read every simple sentence (do not forget that you need to connect two parts of the main offer if the apparent divided it). Make sure you correctly identified the union or the union word connecting the sentences.

Perform the task:

State Tretyakov Gallery (1) Collection (2) of which (3)

there are more than sixty thousand artistic

works (4) reflects the development of Russian art starting with

XI century.

Read expressively, making semantic pauses.

Read separately the main thing: The State Tretyakov Gallery reflects the development of Russian art starting from the XI century.

Let me read the apparent offer: the collection of which has more than sixty thousand artistic works.

Determine the means of communication: which.

Answer: commas stand on the border of sentences 1, 4.

More examples:

He asked, near which house to stop the car, and again silent. Main proposal: He wondered and silent again. Union and connects faithful in the main sentence. Subordinate clause: near which house stop the car. Union Word near what .

Scheme:, (near what)

We saw the castle, the unusual architectural style of which could not determine. Union Word whom It is within the apparent offer. Scheme:, (which)

He asked if we want to eat, and invited everyone to the table. Main proposal: He asked and invited everyone to the table. Subordinate clause: Whether we want to eat. Connecting word lie .

Scheme: [, (Lee ...),]