FORECAST FOR REDUCTION

Despite multidirectional migration flows, the population Far East continues to decline. According to the official forecast of Rosstat, in 2018 the population of the Far Eastern Federal District should decrease by 30 thousand people. In 2017, the negative migration balance amounted to 17 thousand people. In the coming years, according to the forecast, the Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories, as well as the Amur region, will become leaders in population outflow among Russian regions. We can say that the efforts of the federal authorities to reverse the demographic trend and attract the population to the region have not yet brought the expected effect.

However, migration processes, as a rule, are not homogeneous. Abstract units in which flows of people arriving and leaving a region are measured may have different characteristics, which are inherent in any person from a biological or social point of view - age, gender, marital status, level of education and income. Assessing migration processes from this point of view allows us to give specific content to what is happening - and, in particular, to see what exactly is happening in the region, in which direction its population is changing.

One of these characteristics is the educational level of the population. The difference in the educational potential of those arriving and leaving the region allows us to say a lot about how the Far East is developing - what niches are there for the high-quality development of the economy, which requires qualified educated personnel. This, if you look at the departure or arrival of young people with different levels of education in the region, allows you to understand how its younger generation sees the prospects of the region in terms of arranging their lives and careers.

"WASHING OUT" OF THE YOUNG

Experts say that, in general, educated young people, unfortunately, are being “washed out” from the region. But this process cannot be represented linearly. Some factors - in particular, changes in the procedure for entering universities and the development of the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) - can influence the overall unfavorable trend.

"Incoming and outgoing migration flows in the Far East differ significantly: a significant part of those coming to the Far East do not have higher education(primarily this concerns labor migrants from Central Asian countries), while a significant part of the population leaving the region has higher education,” says Associate Professor of the Department of Social and Social Sciences psychological sciences FEFU Kirill Kolesnichenko.

The head of the Department of Demography speaks about this from his own experience. High school modern social sciences of Moscow State University Vladimir Iontsev: “Of all the guys from the Far East who studied and defended their studies in Moscow, whom I know, not a single one returned back to the region. Qualified young people continue to leave the Far East.” Vladimir Iontsev suggests that some reduction in the overall outflow of population from the Far East, observed in Lately, may be explained by the fact that the “small” generation is now coming to the forefront - those born during the demographic collapse of the 90s, which means that the number of people leaving in absolute terms should decrease.

Deputy Head of the International Laboratory of Demography and human capital Institute of Applied Economic Research RANEPA Sergei Shulgin notes that the age of graduation from school and university in Russia accounts for one of the highest migration surges. The same applies to the population of the Far East. At the same time, as a rule, those who enter universities in another region of Russia do not return back: “Studying at a quality university is a time of intensive development of social contacts. The student acquires connections both with peers and with potential employers, gets his first job. It’s wasteful to throw away this new resource.” Therefore, as Shulgin explains, having moved to another region to study, a young man from the Far East will most likely remain in the region of study. An exception may be those whose resources for successful employment are relatives living in the Far East.

Kirill Kolesnichenko, based on research conducted by FEFU, also points out that even in the case of studying in the Far East, qualified and talented students prefer to move to Central Russia. "We conducted sociological research, including an analysis of the career trajectories of graduates of universities in the Far East. Based on these studies, we can draw some conclusions. The decision to move to another region of Russia is made on the basis of a number of important factors, and the level of education plays an important role in this. Having received quality education, graduates of Far Eastern universities can compete quite successfully in the labor market of Moscow or St. Petersburg, and since in many segments of the labor market salaries in these cities are higher than similar indicators in the Far East, the possibility of higher earnings and prospects for rapid career growth serve as a significant incentive for young people to move to these cities."

Thus, metropolitan regions seem to be a more attractive target for establishing a career, for which one can risk established social connections. According to Kolesnichenko, such a decision is indeed fraught with risk. Those moving to Moscow, as a rule, are forced to change 5-6 jobs over the course of one and a half to two years, and such jobs are rarely related to their specialty. As a result, some of those who left return to the region.

DEPARTURE BY STAGE OR THE USE FACTOR

However, such a migration trajectory can hardly be considered a conscious and desirable choice in favor of the region. According to Kolesnichenko, some graduates use the current two-stage higher education system as a strategy for painlessly settling into a new place. After graduating from a bachelor's degree in the Far East, they enroll in master's programs at universities in the capital and use two years of master's study to gradually integrate into a new social environment.

However, the changes brought by educational reforms recent years, can also work as a factor in redirecting part of the migration flows in favor of the Far East. Sergey Shulgin draws attention to this. And this is connected, first of all, with the new mobility provided by the opportunity to enter a university based on the results of the Unified State Exam.

“Because of the Unified State Exam, the social norm is changing. If in the previous decade it sounded like “you must definitely enroll,” now it takes the form of “you can enroll anywhere.” This is what “opens up” universities in other regions for many graduates. Far East. By and large, it was the Unified State Exam that made it possible to implement the project of a federal university in the Far East, to which graduates from other regions can enroll.

Kirill Kolesnichenko also notes the factor of the university for the migration trajectories of the Far East: “The creation of FEFU has a certain impact on migration flows. A lot of applicants come to FEFU from the regions of Siberia and the Far East, the central part of the country; today the geography of applicants includes more than 60 regions of the Russian Federation - “The guys get the opportunity to directly communicate with each other, establish friendly and business connections, which in the future also contribute to successful career growth.” However, there is no need to talk about a decisive contribution. “Of course, FEFU cannot and should not play a system-forming role in the formation of migration flows. But the creation of FEFU definitely brought positive dynamics to socio-demographic processes,” says Kolesnichenko.

Modern economic and social realities are not yet working in favor of the demographics of the Far East. Nor is it becoming the clear choice for educated youth in the region. And yet some changes - both at the regional and federal levels - such as Unified State Exam system and the development of FEFU, also lay some positive potential, weak effects of which can already be observed. The situation is developing without inertia and, perhaps, by correctly managing new trends, it will be possible to compensate for the still strong desire to leave among talented Far Eastern youth by attracting new young graduates who wish to try themselves on the shores of the Pacific Ocean.

Letter to the editor of DVhab.ru regarding the posting of solved Unified State Exam assignments in mathematics on the Internet.

The applicant is furious about the leak of Unified State Exam assignments in mathematics for the central regions of Russia, which took place on June 1.

Thus, according to the person who wrote to the editor, there is now a large-scale collection of petitions regarding the leak (there is evidence) and tasks that are higher in complexity than the FIPI task bank offers. Far Eastern schoolchildren who wrote themselves, unlike residents of other regions who decided on options in advance, require re-writing passing the Unified State Exam in mathematics on a reserve day and lowering the scores for admission in order to restore at least a little justice.

I have been preparing for this exam since the fifth grade my mother invested in a tutor, we bought all the manuals and KIMs from previous years in order to prepare thoroughly. And I gave it myself. In fact, the work was difficult, especially task 17. It’s a shame that students from schools in other cities simply took advantage of other people’s knowledge and efforts. Now they will receive points and, accordingly, a greater chance of entering central universities in Russia. “This is not fair,” said Gleb Razuvakin, a student at school No. 43.

Mathematics teachers in Khabarovsk schools have not seen the assignment, so they cannot judge the difficulty yet. But teachers have confidence: such a large-scale leak on the Internet could not have come from schoolchildren.

I think that this could only be done at the government level not by schoolchildren. They write under cameras, phones are taken away, KIMs are not taken out of the audience. Moreover, now assignments are printed from disk directly in the classroom before the exam. None of the children would take such a risk, in my opinion. It is difficult for us mathematicians to judge the complexity of this year’s tasks. We see the work only after publication, because, according to the rules, teachers of other profiles are present at the mathematics exam, said Svetlana Muravyova, a mathematics teacher at Khabarovsk school No. 43.

The regional Ministry of Education and Science has information about what happened at the level of Internet users; we read it in the news.

“It’s not our department that deals with all this,” says Viktor Moskvin, Deputy Minister of Education and Science of the Khabarovsk Territory and head of the department for supervision and control. We don't know CMMs. We don't see them. They are sealed and will be stored that way until approximately March. We will be able to say whether there was or was not a stuffing when the results are published, and we will monitor whether there will be any anomalous results. Now Rosobrnadzor, which controls this, is providing information that this is not true.

Publication of materials purporting to be somehow received assignments real Unified State Exam, appear on social networks before every exam. A special Internet monitoring group records such publications on thousands of resources and submits them for appropriate verification,” the federal media reported in Rosobrnadzor. “In 2018, not a single publication of real tasks was recorded.” exam options Unified State Examination in mathematics online before the exam. The materials published on this page also do not correspond to any of the options that were proposed Unified State Examination participants Today. The control measures used in the development and delivery of examination materials have completely eliminated their leaks in the last five years, the service added.

It should be noted that the exam participants themselves confirmed the fact that the tasks were duplicated. Conversations about this are actively taking place under a YouTube video where the Unified State Exam assignments in mathematics dated June 1 are being analyzed.

Let us remind you that according to the information of the regional Ministry of Education and Science, examination paper in basic level mathematics includes 20 tasks, for which exactly 3 hours (180 minutes) are allotted. The basic level is taken by those graduates who do not need it. The minimum threshold is 12 points. In the Khabarovsk Territory, 5,332 people took this exam.

Vera Chebotareva, Khabarovsk news on DVhab.ru

Source - Khabarovsk news on DVhab.ru

How Far Eastern schools are trying to retain talented children, what businessmen, teachers, parents and universities are doing for this, Indicator.Ru told Elena Kharisova, Deputy Vice-Rector for Academic and educational work Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU).

Elena Vladimirovna, how are things going with school education in the Far East in general? Do many children leave after finishing school?

In the Far East, as in general and in most regions of the country, school education is not experiencing the best simpler times. According to analysts from the Higher School of Economics (HSE), in Russia the quality school education varies greatly from region to region. In the central zone of Russia we are seeing high results in passing the Unified State Examination, but already in the Far East Unified State Exam results leave much to be desired. One of the reasons for this dispersion is the inequality of resources: personnel, infrastructure and logistics. But there are many talented schoolchildren in our region, and it is necessary to build targeted, focused work with them that will reveal and fully support their talents.

We're like federal university, possessing personnel, infrastructure, scientific and methodological resources, our goal is to support the school education system in the Far East and talented children and teachers of Primorye. We started with the basics, with mathematics, and held the first Pacific math school. We invited schoolchildren who showed good results in the municipal round. All-Russian Olympiad in mathematics, and teachers whose students show top scores Unified State Exam. We didn’t come up with anything new here - we took well-proven methods and technologies that have been known since the 60s, offered schoolchildren tricky problems, one week of time with a break for lunch and sleep, and introduced them to the best mathematics teachers in the Far East.


In the Far East, the problem of “washing out” talents from the region is very acute; children simply leave to enroll in central part Russia and abroad. If a school graduate shows high results on the Unified State Exam, then he most likely leaves the region. And if you went to school age, then the probability of returning to motherland is greatly reduced.

Therefore, FEFU takes upon itself the task of ensuring that children remain in the Far East and, in particular, in Primorye. In order to offer competitive conditions to strong school graduates, we are restructuring our educational programs in accordance with the needs of the regional economy and establishing cooperation between the university and companies. Realization and development of the potential of talented schoolchildren includes their participation in scientific, research and project work together with students and teachers of our university. We see a great resource and need for the development of mathematics education in the region. For this purpose, for example, we have now submitted an application for a competition to create a scientific and educational mathematical center on the basis of our university. We see that next to us are the University of Singapore, Peking University and other strong universities. If we ourselves do not create a similar center, we may lose out in the scientific and technological development of the country.

A mathematics program is our first step; we will also create programs in physics, biology, chemistry, computer science, foreign languages. We believe that this can become a stable platform on which it will be possible to further build the education system in the Far East.


Aren’t you afraid that you will now train gifted children, but they will still go to the West or to China or Singapore?

We do not have such concerns because we want to build the entire professional trajectory for children directly to employers. Conventionally, we begin working with schoolchildren from the seventh grade: they become active participants in our programs, we motivate them to enter the university, where we can offer an individual educational program of study. Individual educational trajectories are built together with employers in the region. We will offer children already at school different variants their career development. They will have to see this entire path and understand why they are here in this region.

But it often happens that the child does not decide for himself where he will go. Often the decision rests with the parents.

Yes. We work with children and see that they do not want to leave home, they love their land and the sea, next to which they live. Upon admission to foreign universities, as a rule, parents insist, since they know the entire economic situation in the region, and in their memory there is a trace of difficult times in the 90s. They themselves experienced the crisis and, wishing better life their children, they try to send them to good universities countries. In this case, parents must be sure that the child will receive a good education and will find its application in its native region. Therefore, we need to work with the parent audience: we must show them that their child, if he stays here, will receive more bonuses. It is difficult to ensure that a student who scores 300 points on three Unified State Examinations enters FEFU, and not Moscow State University (MSU).

This is where talking to your parents can help. We say that an individual development trajectory for the child will be built, it will be built with specific companies, including companies from the Asia-Pacific region (approx. Indicator.Ru). We give detailed information about joint research and educational programs with Japan, China and other countries. It is known that technology companies are developing in the Asia-Pacific countries, and the child and his parents may want to complete a bachelor’s degree at Moscow State University, get a solid theoretical base there, and he can enroll in a master’s program at FEFU and get excellent practical experience in joint research and our programs with Asia-Pacific countries. But, of course, this is still very targeted work.


- Are employers generally ready for such cooperation, working with schoolchildren?

The Far Eastern region is developing rapidly. The list of large companies and investors entering the region is expanding. Everyone needs personnel, there is a special demand for talent. You cannot transport everyone from Central Russia, and this is wrong; the region needs to grow its own personnel reserve. Therefore, employers are already coming to us with a specific request: how many management personnel are needed, how many engineers, workers and top managers are needed.

- A Russian business interested in cooperation?

Yes, the university communicates very closely with the largest Russian companies. Next year we are launching about 30 modules at the undergraduate level together with industry leaders: Sibur, Rosneft, KNAUF, etc. Interaction with business is not only within the framework of educational programs. This year, together with Sibur, we worked out a scheme where students, while still in their third or fourth years, undergo interviews at the company. Following interviews, six graduates were offered jobs. With six students who are entering their fourth year next year, Sibur enters into targeted training agreements. Thus, the company purposefully participates in the formation of its personnel. These students will be taught individually curriculum, will pass pre-graduate practice in company.

- You spoke about the individual trajectory of a student’s education at a university. How will it be implemented?

As project activities. We only give direction, and students determine the topic of projects and the task for themselves. Within the disciplines of project activities, hours are allocated for students to independently master scarce knowledge to solve a project problem through consultations with experts, online courses, etc. This year we also increased the share of elective disciplines and extracurricular activities within the framework of mastering bachelor’s and master’s programs .


Let's get back to schools. I have two questions. First, will you pay attention to additional teacher education? For those currently employed, it may be difficult to transition to the new work arrangement. Second, you say you want to take kids in seventh grade and take them all the way to graduation. Can a child of 13-14 years old decide what he wants to do in life? Many people do not know this after receiving higher education.

The university can interact with the school in different ways: it can, for example, simply “consume” children who are able to go to university. A school teacher is a person of a creative mind, and he is interested in communicating with other creative, meaningful colleagues. When a university enters a school with a proactive stance, it tends to receive a positive connection. We propose that the university play the role of a kind of intellectual center that can “nourish” and “support” teachers. That is, teachers here at the university will undergo advanced training and learn new techniques.

- Do you already have any experience working with teachers?

We have already received feedback from teachers. They all say: we need something new that will help us work effectively with modern children. They feel that the methods and technologies that are now used in school no longer work for the modern generation. And they, feeling some incompetence in a number of issues, turn to innovators, to professionals, saying: listen, is there anything ready-made that can already be applied?

We offer teachers ready-made solutions and technologies that have been tested and proven in practice. In September 2018, we plan to open the Far Eastern Lyceum at the university, a school for gifted children. The school will become modern resource center on working with talented children within the framework of the basic general and additional education. We plan to work with teachers of the Primorsky Territory, teaching modern methods and technologies in teaching. Educational program schools will be built on individual approach to each student, will be interdisciplinary in nature, including project-based forms of learning.

From seventh to ninth grade there will be special program, structured differently than the program for the tenth and eleventh grades. It will not be defined by a rigid framework, but the project approach already includes early professional tests, so that the child will already decide on his profile preference by the ninth grade.