C.essentin Ivan Vasilyevich - commander of the separation of the platoon of engineering intelligence of the 665th separate sapper battalion (385th Infantry Division, 50th Army, 2nd Belarusian Front), sergeant.

Born on July 7, 1924 in the village of Shilovo, now the Volokolamsky district of the Moscow region, in the peasant family. Russian. He graduated from 7 classes of rural school in the village of Yaropolets (Volokolamsky District).

In the fall of 1941, it was mobilized for the construction of defensive structures. With a group of countrymen, the anti-tank Rips dropped at the city of Wedge, in November 1941, it turned out to be in the occupied territory. While the guys dug ivy and trenches, the Nazis took the city. He was sent to the camp of the prisoners of war in Belarus, and then, as not fought against the Nazis, they were sent to economic work: drove different loads on a horse, worked on the cutting of the forest. In early 1943, along with others, fled to the partisans, a few months later was transferred to the liberated territory. In the camp in the city of Roslavl Smolensk region was the inspection.

In September 1943, Roslavl Railiencomat was mobilized to the Red Army. From December of the same year he participated in battles with invaders, the whole combat journey passed in the 665th separate sacchard battalion of the 385th rifle DivisionFirst, the ordinary sapper, then the commander of the department. Supper business mastered in combat conditions.

For several months, the fighting was awarded two fighting orders and a medal "for courage." It was twice wounded and contused, but always returned to his part. Particularly distinguished in battles for the liberation of Belarus in the first days of the Operation "Bagration". While preparing for operation, on June 21, 1944, there was a passage in wire barriers and ensured the seizure of the control capture, was presented to awarding the Order of the 2nd degree glory, was awarded the Order Patriotic War 2nd degree.

June 25, 1944 at the village of Golovolovitsy (Chausian District of the Mogilev region), the separation of Sergeant was clearly made 2 aisles in wire bodies and mine fields The enemy than ensured a breakthrough of the front edge of the enemy defense.

June 27, providing the forcing the River Dnipro Rifle battalion of the 1270th rifle regiment At the village of Dashkovka (Mogilevsky district), Sergeant's saphers were clearly captured by 5 opponent's inflatable boats and crossed machine-gun calculations on them. Personally, having done the passage in wire barriers, with two fighters first broke into an enemy trench, destroyed the machine-gun calculation and captured the machine gun. It was presented to the assignment of the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union.

In the future, participated in the liberation of Poland, reached the border with Eastern Prussia. In one of the combat operations in September 1944, when conducting engineering intelligence under the city of Lomza (Podlaska Voivodeship, Poland) was seriously injured by an accident from the machine. The day lay on the neutral territory, was evacuated in the rear. In hospitals in the cities, Roslavl and Bukhara spent eight months, was a charter on disability.

Back in the hospital, he learned about the last combat award - the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, and by returning home, read a decree to assign the title of the hero.

W.kasem of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 24, 1945 for the exemplary implementation of the tasks of command at the front of the fight against German invaders and the courage and heroism of the sergeant Current Ivan Vasilyevichu Awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union With the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Medal "Golden Star" (№7301).

Returned to his native Shilovo. After the victory went to relatives in Transcarpathia, where he lived for four years. But since the climate was not suitable for health, I had to move to Moldova. In 1952 he moved to the city of Morshansk Tambov region. Here lived and worked for many years. Died on April 30, 2000.

Awarded orders Lenin (03/24/1945), Patriotic War 1st (11.03.1985) and 2nd (07.23.1944) degree, Red Star (04/09/1944), Glory of the 3rd degrees (08/25/1944), medals, in including a medal "For courage" (06/19/1944).

In the village of Yaropolets, the Volokolamsky district of the Moscow region on the school building installed a memorial plaque.

In 1941, the Germans took 4 million prisoners, from the bottom 3 killed in the first six months of captivity. This is one of the most disgusting crimes of German Nazis. Prisoners held months in the pens from barbed wire, Open-air, did not feed, people ate grass and rainworms. Hunger, thirst, antisanitary, deliberately arranged by the Germans, did their job. This massacre was against the customs of warfare, against the economic needs of German itself. Net ideology - the more mischievous, the better.

Minsk. July 5, 1942 camp of prisoners of war "Drozda". The consequences of the Minsk-Belostok boiler: 140 thousand people in 9 hectares in the open sky

Minsk, August 1941 Himmler came to look at prisoners of war. Very strong photo. View of the prisoner and views of the SSEsovs on the other side of the barch ...

June 1941 District Ruse (Lithuania). The crew of the KV-1 tank was captured. Tanker in the center of Budanova is like ... This is the 3rd mehkorpus, they met the war on the border. In a 2-day counterweight tank battle, 23-24.06.1941 in Lithuania, the building was defeated

Vinnitsa, July 28, 1941 since the prisoners almost did not feed, they were trying to help the local population. Ukrainian women with baskets, plates at the gate of the camp ...

Ibid. Apparently, the security was still allowed to transfer food for a spin

August 1941 Concentrate "Umanskaya Yama". He is a stalander (prefaby camp) No. 349. It was arranged in a career of a brick factory in Uman (Ukraine). In the summer of the 41st, there were prisoners from the Umansky boiler, 50,000 people. In the open sky as in the pine


Vasily Mishchenko, a former prisoner of "Pits": "The wounded and contused I was captured. Among the first was in the Uman Yam. From above, I was well seen this pit more empty. Neither the beds, no food, no water. The sun is mercilessly palette. In the western corner of the semi-base career was a puddle of a boring green with fuel oil. We rushed to her, dragged this alive by the pilots, rusty tin cans, just with palms and eagerly drank. I am also remembered for two horses tied to the columns. Five minutes from these horses there is nothing left. "

Vasily Mishchenko was in the rank of Lieutenant when he was captured in the Umansky boiler. But not only soldiers and younger commanders fell into the boilers. And generals too. In the picture: Generals Pedelin and Kirillov, they commanded soviet troops Under Uman:

This photo of the Germans used in propaganda leaflets. The Germans are smiling, but by General Kirillova (left, in a cap with a torn star) The look is very sad ... Nothing good this photo session

Again Roundelin and Kirillov. Lunch in captivity


In 1941, both generals were in absentia to execute as traitors. Until 1945, they were sitting in the camps in Germany, the Vlasov joined the army refused, liberated by the Americans. Transmitted to the USSR. Where and are shot. In 1956, both rehabilitated.

It is clear that they were not any traitors. Forced staged photos are not their fault. The only thing you can accuse them - in the uniformity. Dali surround themselves in the boiler. They are not alone here. Future marshals of Konev and Eremenko threatened two fronts in the Vyazemsky Boiler (October 1941, 700 thousand prisoners), Tymoshenko and Bagramyan - all Southwest Front In the Kharkov Boiler (May 1942, 300 thousand prisoners). The beetles, of course, did not hit the whole fronts to the boilers, but for example, command Western Front In winter, 1941-42. A couple of armies (33rd and 39th) went to the environment.

Vyazemsky boiler, October 1941 While the generals studied to fight, endless columns of prisoners walked on the roads

Vyazma, November 1941. The infamous dawn-184 (transfer camp) in Kronstadskaya Street. Mortality here reached 200-300 people per day. Dead just dumped into pits


About 15,000 people were buried in the Swab-184 Rips. Memorial not. Moreover, on the site of the concentration camp in soviet times It was built ... Meat Processing Plant. He still stands there.

Relatives of the dead captives regularly come here and made their memorial, on the fence of the plant

Stalacious 10D (Witzendorf, Germany), autumn 1941. The corpses of the dead Soviet prisoners are discharged from the wagon

In the fall of 1941, the death of prisoners became mass. The hunger was added to the hunger, the epidemic of the rapid typhus (lice was broadcast). There were cases of cannibalism.

November 1941, Stalacious 305 in Novo-Ukrainka (Kirovograd region). Here these four (left) ate the corpse is a prisoner (right)


Well, plus to all - permanent mockery of camp security. And not only the Germans. According to the memoirs of many prisoners in real owners in the camp were so-called. Politsa. Those. Former prisoners who moved to the Germans. They beat prisoners for the slightest locality, took things, performed executions. The most terrible punishment for the police was ... degradation into ordinary prisoners. This meant faithful death. Back they were not the way - only to be heard further.

g. Deblin (Poland), the party of prisoners arrived in Stalan-307. People in a terrible state. On the right - the camp police in Budyanovka (formerly twenty), stands at the body of the prisoner, lying on the platform

Physical punishment. Two policemen in Soviet form: one holds the prisoner, the other beats the leaf or a stick. German in the background - laughs. Another prisoner in the background - stands, tied to the fence pillar (also the type of punishment in the camps of prisoners)


One of the main tasks of the camp police was the identification of Jews and political workers. According to the order "On Commissioners" dated June 6, 1941, these two categories of prisoners were subject to destroying. Who did not kill immediately when taken captive - those were looking for in camps. For which regular "selection" was arranged for the search for Jews and Communists. It was either a general medical examination with navalized pants - the Germans went and searched for circumcised, or the use of pokcs among the prisoners themselves.

Alexander Ioselievich, Packed Mervach, describes how the selection in the camp in Jelgava (Latvia) was held in July 1941:

"Brought cloth and coffee camp. There is a Schedule, near the dog and next to him a prisoner of war. And when people go beyond breadcrumbs, he says: "This is a political officer." It is removed and immediately shoot. The traitor is poured coffee and give two crumbs. "And this is Yuda." Jews remove - shoot, and there is again two croutons. "And this was an enclusion." It is removed - shoot, and there is again two croutons. "

Inexpensively appreciated life in the camp in Jelgava: 2 sugar. However, as usual in Russia in war timeFrom somewhere there were people who were not broken by any shootings, and not to buy for a cracker.

I met a pet in June 1942 in the prisoner of war camp

in Letsen (Germany), where there was often conversations with each other to anti

wind topics, and he often expressed his anti-Soviet mood and desire

lead an active struggle against Soviet power.

Viul1942g. Jawshestyvytsevybelpersedenvchammelburgsky

camp prisoners of war, where he entered into members of the anti-Soviet organization, and in

the end of July 1942. Favim residents were introduced to the RTNP and Jaws Committee

filed by the Deputy Chairman of the Committee, at the same time he was an assistant

commandant camp.

In November 1942, the favorites entered the service in the organized

camov Organization Todt and from Hammelburg went to Berlin, and then in December

1942, together with the organization, went to the district of Borisov, where he was the boss

the geodesic department of the Russian organization Todt, and then was the boss

the study part of the Higher Russian-German School Todt.

From January 1944 he served as an educator of the camp of adolescents in the organization

Todt in Berlin, and from June 1944 to November of the same year he was an inspector

those who walked the Annunciation Inspector Group, on the task of

torah went to the camp of Soviet prisoners of war to control the work of

pagandas Roa in camps.

In connection with the creation of the headquarters of Roa Pethers served as a teacher

posage officer school ROA in Munzingen (Germany).

On the instructions of Trukhina went to the camp of prisoners of war and recalled there

wind prisoners of war in Roa.

In May 1945, the favorites fled to the American zone

Signs: low growth, dense physique, chatene, on withdraw

the photo card is depicted at number 4.

Golikov, name and patronymic do not know, 55 years old, former colonel Red

army, I know him from August 1942 as an active member of the anti-Soviet

rTNP, introduced subsequently into the Committee, in which he came into

the composition of the admission committee.

In September 1942, Golikov from the Hammelburg camp of prisoners of war

i dropped out in Berlin, what he did there, I do not know.

I met him in December 1944 in Dabendorf, where he served in

rOA headquarters as head of the headquarters engineer.

In May 1945, Golikov fled to the zone of American troops.

Signs: above average growth, gray, normal physique.

Evstifeev Ivan Vasilyevich, 40 years old former major Red Army,

lived commander of the Tank Brigade, operating in the 2nd shock

mia. Captured to the Germans in 1942

In July 1942, being in the Hammelburg camp of prisoners of war,

unbolly entered a member of the RTNP anti-Soviet organizations, and from August 1942

he was a member of the RTNP Committee.

In November 1942 he entered serve as the head of the autotelechnic

department of the organization Todt in Borisov, where in September 1943 the Germans were

signed by the head of the school of autospealists in Borisov.

Signs: Middle Height, Normal Body, Schethen, on Sealing

i am depicted a photo card at number 13.


Soviet prisoners of war and international law

The international rules for contacting the prisoners were fixed at the Hague Conference of 1899 (convened on the initiative of Russia, which at that time was the most peaceful of the great powers). In this regard, the German General Staff has developed the instructions that kept the basic rights at the prisoner. Even if the prisoner tried to escape, it could only be subjected to disciplinary punishment. It is clear that during the First World War, the rules were broken, but nobody set their essence. In German captivity, for all the time of the First World War, 3.5% prisoners of war died from hunger and diseases.

In 1929, a new, Geneva Convention on the Arrangement of Prisoners of Security was concluded, it provided a prisoner even a greater degree of protection than for the previous agreements. Germany, like most European countries, signed this document. Moscow The Convention did not sign, but ratified the concluded convention on the treatment of injuries and patients in the war. The USSR demonstrated that he was going to act within international law. Thus, this meant that the USSR and Germany were linked by the general international legal norms of warfare, which had a binding force for all states, regardless of whether they were joined by the relevant agreements or not. Even without any conventions, it was unacceptable to destroy prisoners of war. Consent and refusal to ratify the Geneva Convention, the situation did not change. That is why the head of military intelligence and counterintelligence of Germany, Admiral Wilhelm Kranaris, drew attention to this fact. He sent the head of the Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht (OKV) protest, which was reported that although the Geneva Convention does not work in relations between Germany and the USSR, but the main provisions of the overall international law on the treatment of prisoners are valid. They have developed from the 18th century, and military captivity is not a revenge nor punishment, but only a precautionary measure that prevents the prisoner of war again participate In war. According to the head of the Abver, "... From a military point of view, it is unacceptable to kill or anticipate defenseless." In addition, each commander is interested in the fact that his own soldiers, being captive, will be protected from poor circulation.

It should also be noted that rights soviet soldiers Not only with general international legal norms were guaranteed, but also under the action of the Hague Convention, which Russia signed. The provisions of this convention have retained the power and after the signing of the Geneva Convention, all parties were aware, including German lawyers. In the German collection of international legal acts from 1940, it was indicated that the Hague Agreement on the laws and rules of the war really and without the Geneva Convention. In addition, it is necessary to note the fact that the States Signing the Geneva Convention have committed themselves to normally handle the prisoners regardless of whether their countries have signed the Convention or not. In the case of German-Soviet war, anxiety had to cause the position of German prisoners of war - the USSR of the Geneva Convention did not sign.

Thus, from the point of view of law, the Soviet prisoners were completely protected. They were not supplied outside the framework of international law, as they like to approve the USSR hatering. The prisoners were protected by common international standards, the Hague Convention and the obligation of Germany in the Geneva Convention. Moscow has also tried to provide its captive maximum legal protection. Already 27. june 1941 USSR expressed readiness to cooperate with the Red Cross International Committee. On July 1, the "Regulations on prisoners of war" was approved, which strictly corresponded to the provisions of the Hague and Geneva Conventions. The German prisoners of war guaranteed a decent appeal, personal safety and health care. This "position" acted the whole war, his violators were pursued in a disciplinary and criminal procedure. Moscow, recognizing the Geneva Convention, apparently, hoped for an adequate reaction of Berlin. However, the military-political leadership of the Third Reich has already passed the line between good and evil and was not intended to be applied to the Soviet "Neochoralov" nor the Hague nor the Geneva Convention or the generally referred norms and customs of the war. Soviet "Neochoralov" were going to massively destroy.

Already after the war, when the loop was loomed to the German general, the loop for the conscious destruction of prisoners of war, they began to invent excuses and lie. Their lies were pretty primitive, but it was she who became the basis for the fabrications of the Haters of the USSR and Russophobes at all. First, the German generals argued, they turned out to be allegedly not ready for the fact that there will be so many Soviet prisoners in their hands. IN aspect They could not provide them with proper content and ensure. It is clear that it is a nagging lie. German command was originally calculated on lightning war And the completion of the main phase of war in the fall of 1941. From this, with inevitability it follows that in the hands of the Germans will be million masses from the crushed red army, the mobilized population, the party and state apparatus of the country. The second justification of the Nazis is also false. They reported that Soviet prisoners of war were captured by the money (from bad soviet Life) And hundreds of thousands died, without holding the conditions of the captivity. Another reason was invented by the German historian Jochim Gofman, who said that the German protection of the camps and the teams of the SD had to be massively shooting prisoners, since they were pushed by the Soviet agent. This nonsense even comment is meaningless.

Unfortunately, the justification of the Nazis and their defenders gladly picked up and still repeat in Russia. The enemies of the USSR so want to imitate the "bloody regime", which will even go to the justification of the Nazis. Although numerous documents and facts confirm that the destruction of Soviet prisoners of war was planned in advance. No actions of the Soviet authorities could stop this cannibal machine (except complete victory).

Soviet prisoners of war drove into Stalin's camps?

According to the Anti-Soviet "Black Miof", soldiers and officers who were freed from the German captivity immediately drove into the Stalin Camps. This myth is very popular and taken to the "weapons" by the Soviet-Russian cinema. It is believed that the Stalinist regime equated captivity to betraying the Motherland, with all the consequences arising from this fact. However, this is only myth and another lie.

According to the Soviet pre-war legislation, the crime was considered only passing, not caused by a combat situation. For example, if the fighter of the Red Army escaped with his position to the enemy, he was shining when capturing a shot with confiscation of property. The prisoners of war, which fell into captivity by circumstances independent of them, were not subject to criminal prosecution in conditions caused by a combat situation. The captivity was not a crime in front of the homeland, but the tragedy.

Several tightened their attitude to the problem of captivity in August 1941. The strip of terrible lesions led to significant losses of the Red Army, including the prisoners. On August 16, 1941, the famous order No. 270 appeared "On the responsibility of military personnel for passing and leaving the enemy of weapons", which signed Joseph Stalin. The order completely corresponded - the enemy rushed to the main Soviet centers, the situation was critical and demanded emergency solutions. The passage was equated to betraying the Motherland. You should pay tribute to the Kremlin: the highest power rather quickly realized that the order is overly cruel. Fortunately, in practice, cruel measures prescribed by Order No. 270 were used very rarely, since I was not adjusted to capture. And since the beginning of November 1941, the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs again began to make actions to facilitate the life of the Soviet Prisoners of Soviet Prisoners of Soviet prison.

One of the reasons that led to the emergence of the myth on the direction of prisoners to Soviet camps was the inspection of prisoners of war in NKVD specialist. When released from the German prisoner, prisoners of war were sent there. From October 1941 to March 1944, 320 thousand former prisoners of war were through checking in such special camps. And in these camps, people not only checked, but former prisoners of war restored their strength. The overwhelming majority successfully passed the check and entered armed Forces, NKVD troops or was directed to industrial and agricultural enterprises. They were arrested only 4% of the total number of verification.

After the Red Army began to spend great successful offensive, and there was a radical fracture in the war, the approach to checking former prisoners of war was even more liberalized. In the specialist ordered to send only "persons on which there are serious data for suspected anti-Soviet activity." As a result, for most, a quick check could put in one day. Under the conditions of the front, they often managed both without checking. So, according to the memoirs of the commander of the 21st Army M. I. Chistyakov, Gumraka had a camp for prisoners of war. Former prisoners dressed, shoes, fed, were given on vacation and treatment of 10-15 days, then 8 thousand people took away from them and formed 8 battalions that armed and sent in the Division. Since November 1944, the practice of sending liberated prisoners of war in military units, bypassing the NKVD specialist, was legalized by the GKO Resolution.

It should be noted that the attitude to the former prisoners of war on the front was completely normal. After the war of people, it happened, reproached, but only in personal Plan. It was associated with the hardest psychological trauma of people who survived in the terrible war, they were suspicious to those who were "on the other side." The state has not pursued former prisoners. The Kremlin closed this topic as early as July 7, 1945, when a decree appeared "On amnesty in connection with the victory over hitler's Germany" According to this decree, pardoned was even part of the collaborators (the unfinished Nazi accomplices still remind themselves in the Baltic States and Ukraine).

Interesting is the fact that the former Soviet prisoners of war betrayed just favorite liberals and human rights defenders Gorbachev and Yeltsin. After the war, Germany had to pay the USSR repair. The plant set was divided between FRG and GDR. The German Democratic Republic paid its share by the beginning of the 1960s. And Germany, being in the camp of the enemies of the USSR, was paid extremely slowly and by the end of the 1980s paid a little more than half of the laid. The remaining half of the debt of Germany Gorbachev forgave, although they could be reimbred by the loans gained to "restructuring".

Soon, European human rights defenders achieved Germany to pay compensation to all those whose Nazis hijacked to their work and kept in concentration camps. It was originally about the Europeans, but then the practice was distributed to the citizens of the former Soviet Union. It was logical to assume that the Russian government will create a public commission that would achieve all victims to receive compensation. However, in Russia to prove that they were hijacked on work, Morious hunger and severe labor, had to be the German prisoners themselves. Moreover, former prisoners of war were included in the number of victims. Russian authorities agreed that prisoners of war are not entitled to compensation. Relevant intergovernmental agreement the Russian Federation He signed with Germany on March 20, 1993. And this betrayal committed power that regularly dirty Soviet past and especially Stalin's era.