On October 25 (November 7), 1917 in Petrograd there was a rebellion, as a result of which the temporary government was lowered, the power passed into the hands of the Soviets. At the same time, on October 25 (November 7), 1917, the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Workers and Soldier Deputies proclaimed Russia by the Soviet Republic.

First time on seals, documents, etc. Used old coat of arms - double-headed eagle. On January 24, 1918, Secretary SNK N.P. Gorbun has already appealed to the All-Russian Union of Masters and Technicians of factory-factory enterprises with a request to provide a sample of the new press of the Russian republic for discussion by the Government. By the beginning of March 1918, a print drawing was ready, a sword was depicted in her center. The authorship of the press is attributed to the artist Alexander Nikolayevich Leo (this fact is not known). On April 17, 1918, the issue of stamp press was discussed at the SNK meeting, the management of SNK's business was proposed to work out a provision on the procedure for its use. On April 20, N.P. Gorbunov spoke at the Commission of the Small Council with a report on the progress of work on the manufacture of printing. A print project was approved (with a sword), but the drawing was still to approve a large SNK. Before making a question for the final approval, Lenin offered to add the word "socialist" to print and remove the sword with the press, which was done already at the evening meeting on April 20. On May 15, at a meeting of a small SNK, a picture of a print with the inscription was approved: "The working and peasant government of the Russian Socialist Federal Republic," but the desire to put the sword on the seal was again expressed. After Lenin's speeches, the Small SNK decided to "throw out the sword from the drawing."
On June 18, 1918, J. M. Sverdlova "On Soviet Press" was heard at the SNK meeting, the printing project was approved as a whole, and the details (the question of the sword and the accurate text of the inscriptions) were refined the next day, June 19. Thus, the Printing of the RSFSR began to have the following form: in the center on the Cartoon shield, framed by bread spikes, crossed sickle and hammer; Below in vignette text: "Proletarians of all countries, connect!" (instead of "advice people's Commissar"In the first project), and around the circumference:" Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic "(instead of" working and peasant ..... ").
The artist D.V. Eleelianov began to make copper print on June 20, 1918.

The motto "The proletarians of all countries, join!", Who became the state in Soviet Russia, was invented by K. Marx and F. Engels and first sounded in 1847 at the London Congress of the Union of Communists.

In parallel with the management of SNK cases, printing was engaged in People's Commissariat. Enlightenment. The art department of the NarkomPros in May 1918 organized a competition for the development of the emblem of the Russian Republic. Under the conditions of the competition in the coat of arms, a worker and a peasant, the text "RSFSR", the tools of labor, the slogan "of the proletarians of all countries, join it!". Following the competition best works Mituric, Altman, S.V. Stehonin were recognized.

On July 10, 1918, at the final meeting, the 5th All-Russian Congress of the Councils of Workers, Peasant, Soldiers and Cossack deputies adopted the Constitution of the RSFSR, which officially claimed the emblem of the Republic:

"Chapter XVII, Section 6, § 89.
The coat of arms of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic consists of images on a red background in the rays of the sun Gold sickle and hammer, placed cross-cross-leaf by the book, surrounded by a crown from Kohliyev and with the inscription:
a) Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic
b) the proletaries of all countries, connect! ".

The new coat of arms almost definitely repeated the seal adopted on June 19; The differences were in the presence of sunlight and in the exact indication of the colors. The drawing of the coat of arms for the first edition of the Constitution was performed by the artist-medaller of the Petrograd Mint A.F.VASYUTINA.

On the cover of the first edition of the Constitution, sometimes admitted for the coat of arms of the RSFSR emblem, made by the artist E. Ansenser, was depicted. On the curly shield, a sickle and hammer were depicted in the rays of the Sun, around them a wreath, tied with a gold ribbon, on the interception of which red letters "R.S.F.R." were written; Above sickle and hammer motto; Behind the shield two leafy beam (symbol of power); At the bottom of the oak branch.

Sickle and hammer in the coat of arms symbolized an unbreaky union of workers and peasants, a red color - a revolution, creative creation, struggle; The sun is a noble goal of building communism; Wreath of wheat - peaceful creative work and well-being of the powers; The motto is loyalty to Marxist teaching. Creating so popular then the emblem "Sickle and Hammer" is attributed to the artist E.I. Kamzolkin, for the first time he used it when celebrating the holiday on May 1, 1918 in Moscow. According to another version, the author of Sickle and Molota A.V. Rodnev, architect of the monument to the fighters of the revolution. P.K. Kornakov led the data on the use of sickle and hammer on Horugwi, who adorned the entrance of the Mariinsky Palace in Petrograd on April 18 (May 1) of 1917.

The appearance of the coat of arms of the RSFSR was not immediately. At first, the banknotes depicted various versions. They differed out of the outlines of the motto (or the Cartushka), and on some there was even no similar to the coat of arms: the sickle and hammer as it were, "steam" in the sun rays.

In early 1920, the Central Executive Committee decided to improve the artistic form of the press (and coat of arms). July 20, 1920 was approved by the Moscow State University new option The coat of arms developed by the artist N.A.andreyev. The motto now was located on a red ribbon at the bottom of the coat of arms, the name of the republic was given in the abbreviated form "R.S.F.S.R." And it was in the upper part of the shield, on each side, the shield-card surrounded 7 of the sections. The new coat of arms was legalized by the Constitution of the RSFSR, adopted by the 12th All-Russian Congress of Soviets on May 11, 1925.

The 14th Congress of Soviets October 18, 1929 approved a new constitution. The coat of arms remained unchanged.

The 15th Congress of the Soviets approved the new Constitution on March 14, 1931. The coat of arms remained unchanged again.

According to the Stalinist Constitution, adopted on January 21, 1937, the coat of arms remained unchanged, but the abbreviation of the RSFSR was now deciphered differently: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Under the new spelling rules in 1954, points in the abbreviation of the RSFSR were excluded.

After the adoption of the 1978 Constitution, the Arms RSFSR was supplemented from above the red five-pointed star with a golden border. The description of the coat of arms in the text of the Constitution sounded like this:

"Article 180. The state coat of arms of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic represents an image of a sickle and hammer on a red background in the rays of the Sun and in the frame of exchanges with the inscription:" RSFSR "and" proletarians of all countries, connect! "At the top of the coat of arms - a five-pointed star. "

Other elements

Ascending sun, the name "Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic"; Later - a reduction in the RSFSR, as well as - Red Star

Early versions Using

unchanged acted until 1925

Coat of arms RSFSR - State Symbol of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (1918-1992), the Russian Federation (1992-1993).

History of the coat of arms

The coat of arms was first described as follows:

"The coat of arms of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic consists of images on a red background in the rays of the sun gold sickle and hammer placed by the cross-cross-leaf of the book, surrounded by a crown from ears and with the inscription:

a) Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic

B) the proletarians of all countries, connect! "

Chapter XVII, Section 6, § 89, Constitution of the RSFSR 1918

The authorship is attributed to the artist Alexander Nikolayevich Leo (this fact is not known).

In early 1920, the Central Executive Committee decided to improve the image of the emblem and approved on July 20, 1920 his new version developed by the artist N. A. Andreev. Finally, the new coat of arms was legalized by the Constitution of the RSFSR, adopted by the 12th All-Russian Congress of Soviets on May 11, 1925.

  • From May 11, 1925, the shield began to place the abbreviated name of the state: "R.S.F.S.R. ", In accordance with the rules of spelling then spelling, and to have at the top of the shield, on each side the shield card surrounded 7 of the sections, the motto was located on a red ribbon at the bottom of the coat of arms.
  • In 1954, according to the new rules of spelling from the abbreviation "R. S. F. S. R. " Points were removed.
  • April 12, 1978, in connection with the adoption of a new constitution over the shield, a five-pointed red star with a golden border was added:

The state coat of arms of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic represents an image of a sickle and hammer in a red field in the rays of the Sun and in the framing of the command, with the inscription: "RSFSR" at the head and "proletaries of all countries, connect! »On the motto tape. Shield married five-pointed star

Article 180 of the Constitution of the RSFSR 1978

  • In 1981, the colors of the elements of the emblem were clarified:

In the color image of the state coat of arms of the Russian Soviet federal socialist republic, the SERP and Hammer, the Sun and Ear of Golden; Red Star Framed by Golden Border

The provision "On the State Herbe of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic" of January 22, 1981.

In this form, the emblem existed until May 16, 1992, when the Law of the Russian Federation dated April 21, 1992 No. 2708-I was entered into force, adopted by the 6th Congress of People's Deputies, who eliminated the inconsistency that existed at that time. On December 25, 1991, the Law of the RSFSR No. 2094-I Act "On the change in the name of the state" Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic "entered into force, in accordance with which the state officially received the new name" Russian Federation "(no longer" Socialist "), however, on the coat of arms, in accordance with the current constitution, the abbreviation of the old name" RSFSR "continued to be.

  • In accordance with the innovations of 1992, according to the new edition of article 180 of the Constitution, the words " the Russian Federation».

However, the modernized coat of arms did not have time to get widespread, since the country had many blanks of the relevant documents with the old coat of arms that had widespread use. There is information that a new version of the image of the coat of arms appeared in the chair of the Chairman of the Supreme Council R. I. Khasbulatova, where the "Russian Federation" was made in two arcs with gold letters. In the same way, an inscription on the coat of arms was performed on the Tribune of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation. On some blanks (postal, etc.) with a small image of the coat of arms, the coat of arms with an old abbreviation was depicted.

On November 16, 1993, the president was appointed by his order (No. 740-RP) by the Commission for the development of the coat of arms, the chairman of which was the chief state archiving of Russia R. G. Pihoy, members of the commission of the city of V. Villybakhov (Head of the Heraldic Department of Rosarhiva), V. in . Vinogradov (Director of the Department of Consular Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia), V. P. Egorov (Deputy Headquarters Border troops MB of Russia) and others.

After two weeks, on November 30, 1993, the President of Russia signed Decree No. 2050 "On the State Arms of the Russian Federation", which entered into force on December 1, 1993 and introduced the image of the emblem of the Russian Federation with a double-headed eagle.

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Notes

  1. On July 10, 1918, at the final meeting, the 5th All-Russian Congress of the Councils of Workers, Peasant, Soldiers and Cossack deputies adopted the first Constitution of the RSFSR, which officially approved the first emblem of the republic. Officially, the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918 entered into force on July 19, 1918
  5. The provision "On the State Herbe of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic" of January 22, 1981.
  6. Law of the Russian Federation of April 21, 1992 No. 2708-I // Vedomosti Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR and the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. - 1992. - № 20. - Art. 1084. This law entered into force from the date of publication in the Russian newspaper on May 16, 1992.
  7. The Supreme Council of the RSFSR approved the Law of the RSFSR of December 25, 1991 No. 2094-I // Vedomosti Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR and the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. - 1992. - № 2. - Art. 62. This law came into force from the moment of adoption, but was originally published on January 6, 1992 (in the Russian newspaper).
  9. visualrian.ru/ru/images/zooms/rian_468326.jpg.
  10. . Visualrian.ru. Checked July 6, 2016.
  11. . Visualrian.ru. Checked July 6, 2016.
  12. POST OF RUSSIA. . Checked July 7, 2016.
  13. In 1954, Points were removed from the abbreviation of the RSFSR.

Literature

  • PERSONSHNI GERBI І Prapori SRSR, Sunny Radyancy Socialist Socialist Society: Set Posteriv / Author-Incenitory V. І. Stade, ed. N. G. Nesin, Hood. ed. Yu. G. іїryzhevich, those ed. S. M. Skuratova, Cor. N. M. Sidorova. - K.: Polіtvidav Ukraїni, 1982. (Ukr.)
Coat of arms of the Republic of Soviet Union
Azerbaijan SSR | Armenian SSR | Belarusian SSR | Georgian SSR | Kazakh SSR | Kyrgyz SSR | Latvian SSR | Lithuanian SSR | Moldavian SSR | RSFSR | Tajik SSR | Turkmen SSR | Uzbek SSR | Ukrainian SSR | Estonian SSR

Excerpt characterizing the coat of arms of the RSFSR

"No, you can't do anything here," Rostov thought, lowering his eyes, and wanted to leave, but on the right side he felt the rigorous look at himself and looked at him. Almost in the very corner on Sineli sat with yellow, like a skeleton, thin, the strict face and unshaven gray beard, an old soldier and stubbornly looked at Rostov. On the one hand, a neighbor of an old soldier whispered something to him, pointing to Rostov. Rostov realized that the old man intends to ask him about something. He came closer and saw that the old man was bent only one leg, and the other was not at all the knees. Another neighbor of the old man, immobilely lying with a thrown head, is quite far from him, there was a young wax pallor soldier on Kursery, covered with more freckles, face and with injected eyes. Rostov looked at the rugged soldier, and frost ran over his back.
"But this, this seems to ..." He turned to Feldeshra.
- As they asked, your great, - said the old soldier with the shake of the lower jaw. - I've ended in the morning. After all, too, people, not a dog ...
"I'll send it, will remove, removed," Feldscher said hastily. - Sick Your Honor.
"Let's go, let's go," Rostov said hastily, and dropping his eyes, and squeezing, trying to pass unnoticed through the system of these crown and envious eyes, directed to him, he left the room.

After passing the corridor, Feldsher introduced Rostov to the officer chambers consisting of three, with dissolved doors, rooms. In the rooms of these were beds; The wounded and sick officers were lying and sat on them. Some in hospital coats walked around the rooms. The first person who met Rostov in the officer's chambers was a small, thin man without hand, in a cap and a hospital coat with a cooked tube, which went in the first room. Rostov, peering into it, tried to remember where he saw him.
"That's where God led to tell," said a little man. - Tushin, Tushin, remember brought you under Shenagraben? And I cut a piece, here ... - he said, smiling, showing a robe on an empty sleeve. - Vasilla Dmitrievich Denisova is looking for? - cohabitant! He said, learning who had to be Rostov. "Here, here and Tushin led him to another room, which heard laughter of several votes."
"And how can they not only laugh, but live here"? Rostov thought, all hearing still this smell of a dead body, whom he scored still in the Soldier's hospital, and still seeing these envious glances around him, and the face of this young soldier with the injured eyes.
Denisov, closing with a blanket, slept not bed, despite the fact that there was 12th hour of the day.
- A, G "OSTO? 3DO" OVO, ZOO "OVO," he shouted everything in the same voice as it happened in the regiment; but Rostov with sadness noticed, as for this familiar exaggeration and a lively, some kind of bad, the casual feeling looked around In the expression of the face, in the intonations and words of Denisov.
His wound, despite his insignificance, still did not heal, although six weeks have passed, as he was wounded. In his face he was the same pale swelling, which was on all gospitalles. But it was not struck by Rostov; He was struck by the fact that Denisov seemed to be not happy to him and unnaturally smiled him. Denisov did not ask about the regiment, nor about the general course of business. When Rostov spoke about it, Denisov did not listen.
Rostov even noticed that Denisov was unpleasant when he was reminded of the shelf and in general about the other, free life, which was out of the hospital. He seemed to try to forget that former life and was only interested in his business with the provincial officials. The question of Rostov, in which situation it was, he immediately pulled out paper from the commission from the commission, and his draft response to it. He revived, starting to read his paper and especially given to notice Rostov knit, which he spoke to his enemies in this paper. Hospital comrades Denisov, surrounded by Rostov, - newly arrived from freestyle light, - they began to diverge as soon as Denisov began to read his paper. According to their persons, Rostov realized that all these gentlemen had repeatedly heard all this time they had a boring story. Only a neighbor on the bed, the thick Ulan, sat on his bed, frowned and smoking the phone, and the little tushin continued to listen, disapprovingly shaking his head. In the middle of reading, Urana interrupted Denisov.
"And for me," he said, turning to Rostov, "you just need to ask the sovereign about pardon." Now they say, the awards will be big, and correctly forgive ...
- I ask for a sovereign! - Denisov told the voice to whom he wanted to give the old energy and the guild, but which sounded useless irritability. - About what? If I were a robber, I would ask for mercy, otherwise I judge for believing on clean water Robbers. Let them judge, I'm not afraid of anyone: I honestly served the king, Fatherland and did not cradle! And I degrade me, and ... Listen, I am so straight and write to them, here I am writing: "If I were a treasury ...
"It is cleverly written what to say," Tushin said. Yes, not the fact, Vasily Dmitrich, - he also turned to Rostov, - it is necessary to submit, but Vasily Dmitrich does not want. After all, the auditor told you that your point is bad.
"Well, let him be bad," said Denisov. - You wrote an auditor of the request, "continued Tushin," and you need to sign and send with them. " They are true (he pointed to Rostov) and there is a hand in the headquarters. Already better incident will not find.
"Why, I said that I would not grow up," Denisov interrupted and again continued reading his paper.
Rostov did not dare to persuade Denisov, although he instinct felt that the path offered by Tuskina and other officers was the most faithful way, and although he would consider himself happy, if he could help Denisov: he knew the imperceptibility of Denisov's will and his truthful fire.
When Denisova's poisonous papers ended over, Rostov said nothing, and in the sad arrangement of the Spirit, in society again gathered near him the hospital comrades Denisov, held the rest of the day, telling about what he knew and listening to the stories of others . Denisov was silent gloomily in the continuation of the evening.
Late in the evening, Rostov gathered to leave and asked Denisov, would there be any instructions?
"Yes, wait," Denisov said, looked back on officers and, pulling his papers from under the pillow, went to the window, in which his inkwell was standing, and sat down.
- I can not see the scared of the yogin, "he said, leaving the window and gives Rostov a big envelope." It was a request to the head of the sovereign, compiled by the auditor in which Denisov, nothing mentioned about the wines of the provincial department, asked only for pardon.
- Pass, it can be seen ... - He did not agree and smiled painfully a false smile.

Returning to the regiment and passing the commander, in what position was the case of Denisov, Rostov with a letter to the sovereign went to Tilzit.
June 13th, French and Russian emperors gathered in Tilsit. Boris Drubetskaya asked an important person in which he consisted about to be ranked with a retinue appointed to consist in a tilsite.
"Je voudrais Voir Le Grand Homme, [I would wish to see a great man," he said, saying about Napoleon, whom he still always, like everything, called Buonaparte.
- Vous Parlez de Buonaparte? [Are you talking about Bona Publishing House?] - said he smiling General.
Boris looked questioningly on his general and immediately realized that it was a comic test.
"Mon Prince, Je Parle de L" Empereur Napoleon, [Prince, I'm talking about the emperor Napoleon, "he answered. General with a smile poured him on his shoulder.
"You will go far," he said to him and took him.
Boris among the few was on Neman on the day of the emperors; He saw the rafts with the vensels, the passage of Napoleon on the shore by the French Guard, saw the thoughtful face of Emperor Alexander, while he silently sat in Korchman on the shore of Neman, expecting the arrival of Napoleon; He saw both Emperor sat in the boats and as Napoleon, the addition before to the raft, went ahead with rapid steps and, meeting Alexander, filed his hand, and how both were hidden in the pavilion. Since his entry into higher worlds, Boris made himself a habit carefully observe what happened around him and record. During a date in Tilsit, he asked about the names of those persons who came with Napoleon, about the uniforms, which were on them, and carefully listened to the words that were told by important faces. At that time, the emperors entered the pavilion, he looked at the clock and did not forget to look again at the time when Alexander came out of the pavilion. The date went on an hour and fifty three minutes: he wrote down this evening among other facts that he believed, had historical meaning. Since the emperor's retinue was very small, then for a person, the current success in service, to be in Tilsit during a meeting of emperors was a very important thing, and Boris, hitting Tilzit, felt that since that time his position was completely established. He was not only knew, but they looked at him and got used to him. Two times he performed instructions to the sovereign himself, so the sovereign knew him in the face, and all the closest not only did not have seen, as before, considering for a new face, but they would be surprised, if it were not.

"On October 25 (November 7), 1917 in Petrograd there was an uprising, as a result of which the All-Russian Provisional Government was lowered, the entire fullness of the authorities passed to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of Workers, Soldiers and Peasant Deputies (WTCIK) and the Council of People's Commissar formed. Decree of the Second The All-Russian Congress of Workers and Soldier Deputies of October 28 (November 10) of 1917 "On the completeness of the Soviets" was established that "all the power is from now on the advice." 5 (18) January 1918 at a meeting of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly by the Chair . Sverdlov was announced "Declaration of the Rights of the Worker and Exploited People", written by the Chairman of SNK V.I. Lenin and adopted by the Presidium of the Vzika 3 (16), in which Russia was declared the "Republic of the Councils of Workers, Soldiers and Peasant Deputies" and established , what "Russian Soviet Republic It is established on the basis of the free union of free nations as the Federation of Soviet National Republics "(officially declaration was adopted at the third meeting of the third meeting of the Third All-Russian Congress of Workers and Soldiers 12 (25) of January 1918). On April 1, 1918, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee created a special commission for the development of the Constitution project. Soviet Russia. At the meetings of the Commission on April 10 and 12, 1918, the name of the state was proposed - Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic (Abbreviated - RSF.R.), which was approved by the first Constitution of the RSFSR, adopted on July 10, 1918, by the V All-Russian Congress of the Councils (in the final edition, he entered into force on the day of publication in the Izvestios of the All-Russian WFIC ) ".


First time on seals, documents, etc. Used old coat of arms - double-headed eagle. On January 24, 1918, Secretary SNK N.P. Gorbun has already appealed to the All-Russian Union of Masters and Technicians of factory-factory enterprises with a request to provide a sample of the new press of the Russian republic for discussion by the Government. By the beginning of March 1918, a print drawing was ready, a sword was depicted in her center. The authorship of the press is attributed to the artist Alexander Nikolayevich Leo (this fact is not known). On April 17, 1918, the issue of stamp press was discussed at the SNK meeting, the management of SNK's business was proposed to work out a provision on the procedure for its use. On April 20, N.P. Gorbunov spoke at the Commission of the Small Council with a report on the progress of work on the manufacture of printing. A print project was approved (with a sword), but the drawing was still to approve a large SNK. Before making a question for the final approval, Lenin offered to add the word "socialist" to print and remove the sword with the press, which was done already at the evening meeting on April 20. On May 15, at a meeting of a small SNK, a picture of a print with the inscription was approved: "The working and peasant government of the Russian Socialist Federal Republic," but the desire to put the sword on the seal was again expressed. After Lenin's speeches, the Small SNK decided to "throw out the sword from the drawing."

The coat of arms and flag are unchanged symbols of any modern state. Geraldry's primitives appeared in antiquity, in the Middle Ages, it became the property of every noble home, and in the new time it fastened firmly as the mandatory attribute of all countries of the world.

In terms of availability of its own symbolism, there was no exception and RSFSR - public education existed from 1917 to 1991. It was the predecessor of the modern Russian Federation. But before considering the attributes of this republic, let's figure it out, what it was. How is the RSFSR decryp?

The birth of the RSFSR can be attributed to 1917, when after victory during October revolution Bolsheviks came to power. True, the initial name of the new state was somewhat different - the Russian Soviet Republic (RSR) or the Russian Federal Republic (RFR). The name of the RSFSR was officially enshrined on July 19, 1918, after the enforcement of the Constitution. Then it was introduced a large number of Other innovations. For example, in the same 1918, the capital of the RSFSR was changed. She moved from Petrograd to Moscow.

Since 1922, Russia has entered in a par with other republics in where he was before his decay in 1991. This ended the RSFSR period, the Epoch of the Russian Federation began. She lasts today.

Decoding abbreviation RSFSR

But how is the RSFSR decryp? Since 1918, this abbreviation has been read as the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic. In 1936, the order of words was changed. Since then, the name has been decrypted as the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

State flag

One of the basic symbols of the state is the national flag. It is with this attribute that any country is primarily associated. The State Flag of the RSFSR over the period of its existence has undergone several significant modifications.

Flag of post-revolutionary time

Immediately after the Bolshevik revolution, it was claimed absolutely without additional images and inscriptions on it. True, this fact was not enshrined by any official document.

In the Constitution adopted in 1918, it was stated that the state flag of the country would be a red cloth, in the upper left corner of which the inscription "RSFSR" embroidered with gold letters. There was no more accurate description of the alleged twig in the main law of the country at that time.

In 1920, a more detailed description was given in the decision of the Presidium of the DVIKA. Including it was indicated that the inscription "RSFSR" should be framed by a golden rectangle. This form operated up to 1937.

Stalin's era banner

The adoption of the new Constitution in 1937 brought some adjustments to the State Flag of the RSFSR. The development of a new version was engaged in a talented artist Milkin A. N. In particular, a golden framing was removed, and the writing font was changed with stylized under the Old Slavic to ordinary. This form of flag officially applied seventeen years, including during the Great Patriotic War.

Flag (1954 - 1991)

In 1954, the official banner of the RSFSR was radically reworked. The embodiment of the new project took the artist V. P. Viktorov. Now the flag included the official symbolism of the USSR - the sickle and hammer, and which were located in the upper left edge. In addition, a light blue strip was located in the banner. The main background of the flag remained unchanged red. All inscriptions from the panel disappeared.

This official version has existed significantly longer than others (37 years) and was replaced only in 1991 on federation.

National emblem

Along with the flag of the most important national symbolism is the coat of arms. This attribute entered modern heraldry since the days of Middle Ages. The RSFSR also had their own coat of arms, and during its existence it was not less than the flag.

The first coat of arms of the RSFSR

The coat of arms of the RSFSR began to be developed back since the beginning of 1918 by the Special Commission. Immediately a large number of suggestions appeared. Most of all satisfied the commission version of the artist Alexander Leo. In his performance, the coat of arms represented the image in the center of which crossed sickle, hammer and sword were placed. Below was the inscription: "The Council of People's Commissar". But V. I. Lenin proposed to abandon the sword than he wanted to emphasize the peaceful nature of the future communist society. He also expressed the desire to replace the label to the motto: "The proletaries of all countries, reunite."

In the final version of the emblem of the RSFSR 1918, he was a symbol in the form of a circle, on which crossed sickle and hammer were depicted on a red shield in the rays of the rising sun and in the frame of the breadstone.

Coat of arms (1925 - 1978)

Already in 1920, it was decided to improve the coat of arms of the RSFSR. Immediately, work was started at the artist N. A. Andreev. First of all, the full inscription "The Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic" was replaced by the abbreviation. In addition, the coat of arms stopped having absolutely rounded shape, the ears framed it completely, and not just a red shield with a sickle and a hammer. Some other smaller graphics changes were made.

Finally, this form was fixed in the 1925 Constitution. In this form, the emblem existed almost unchanged to the very decay, the exception was one small, but an important detail, which will be discussed below.

Another change in the coat of arms

In 1978, a new constitution was introduced. In connection with its adoption, it was decided to bring the emblem of the RSFSR to the Union-Union Standard. This was expressed in the addition of only one detail, namely a five-pointed star in the upper part of the shield, in the place where bread spikes were closed.

No more changes in the symbolism before the decay of the USSR was not carried out. But even after the establishment of an independent RSFSR, he served as the basis for its attributes until December 1993, when as a state symbol was adopted and until that time, the only difference between the emblem of the new state from the coat of arms of the Union Republic was only a change in the country's title at the top of the shield. Nevertheless, there was absolutely nothing left in the heraldry of the modern Russian state from Soviet times.

RESULTS

Over the years of the RSFSR's existence as an integral part Soviet Union Flag and coat of arms of this state Education Tested significant external changes. It was connected with the desire to bring the symbolism of individual republics to all-Union standards. The prevailing value of the attributes of the communist movement in the elements of the coat of arms and the Flag of the RSFSR should be highlighted.

In the summer of 1918, the Soviet government finally decided to break with the historical symbols of Russia, and the new Constitution adopted on July 10, 1918 proclaimed not land in the state coat Sun as a sign of change. Since 1920, the abbreviated name of the State - RSFSR has been placed at the top on the shield. The shield was bold wheat ears, fixed with a red ribbon with the inscription "Proletarians of all countries, connect." Later, this image of the coat of arms was approved in the RSFSR Constitution.

Even earlier (April 16, 1918), a sign of the Red Army was legalized: a five-pointed red star, a symbol of the ancient God of war of Mars. 60 years later, in the spring of 1978, the military star, which took part of the coat of arms of the USSR for this time, entered the emblem of the RSFSR.

In 1992, the latest change in the coat of arms came into force: the abbreviation over the sickle and the hammer was replaced by the inscription "Russian Federation". But this decision was almost not fulfilled, because the Soviet coat of arms with its party symbolism no longer matched political device Russia after the collapse of the one-party government system, the ideology of which he embodied.

Flag of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic in 1954-1991. He was a red rectangular cloth with a light blue strip in the all-width of the flag, which is one eighth flag length. In the upper left corner of the Red Cloths, golden sickle and hammer and a red five-pointed star framed by the golden border are depicted. The ratio of the width of the flag to its length - 1: 2. The flag was introduced by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of January 9, 1954, then approved on December 23, 1955 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR on the Regulations on the State Flag of the RSFSR, then Article 181 of the Constitution of the RSFSR 1978 (January 22, 1981 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR in the Regulation The flag was also clarified that on the reverse side of the panel, the star, the sickle and hammer were not depicted).

The initial version of the Flag of the RSFSR was approved by the 2013 Flag of the Flag of the Russian Republic (April 14, 1918): "The flag of the Russian republic establishes a red banner with the inscription" Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic ". In the Constitution of the RSFSR (1918, section 6, ch. XVII, § 90) The following description of the flag is given: "The trade, marine and military flag of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic consists of the red (scarlet) color, in the left corner of which - the rush, at the top, are placed gold letters" RSFSR "or the inscription" Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic. " Decree of the Central Executive Committee of October 13, 1920, the option of the flag with the inscription of the RSFSR Slavic font in the canton was the military flag of the RSFSR. In the first edition of the Constitution of the RSFSR, the inscription on the flag of the RSFSR was depicted crosswise in three lines: P-SFS-R. Since 1937, it began to use only the option of the flag, where the letters were written in one row (after points).