Together with television antenna height Eiffel Tower - 320 m, weight Eiffel Tower - 7000 tons, and the whole design consists of 15 thousand metal parts. The whole mass relies on a foundation that goes to a depth of 7 m, and on four huge pylons fixed by huge cement blocks.

The weight of the metal structure is 7,300 tons (full weight of 10 100 tons). Today, three towers could be erected from this metal. The foundation is derived from concrete arrays. The oscillations of the tower during the storms do not exceed 15 cm.

The tower is divided into three levels:

  • on the first, at an altitude of 57 m are located a bar and restaurant
  • on the second, at an altitude of 115 m, another bar and restaurant
  • the third is located at an altitude of 274 m
  • the last level is 300 m high, there are television equipment and antennas.

On the elevator or on foot (1652 steps) you can climb to the top, offering a magnificent view of the entire city.
Sasha Mitrahovich 19.01.2016 12:21


Throughout its history, repeatedly changed the color of their painting - from yellow to red-brown. The past decades of the Eiffel Tower consistently paints in the so-called "brown-eiffel" - officially patented color close to the natural shade of bronze.

The "iron lady" is withstanding the destructive point of time due to 57 tons of paint, which must be updated every 7 years.
Sasha Mitrahovich 19.01.2016 12:24


Weight - 7,300 tons (full weight of 10 100 tons). Today, three towers could be erected from this metal. The foundation is derived from concrete arrays. The oscillations of the Eiffel tower during storms do not exceed 15 cm.

The lower floor is a pyramid (129.2 m each side at the base) formed by 4 columns connecting at an altitude of 57.63 m arched arch; The first platform is on the arch Eiffel Tower. The platform is a square (65 m in diameter).

On this platform, the second pyramid-tower rises, formed also with 4 columns connecting the arch on which the second platform is located (at an altitude of 115.73 m) (square 30 m in the diameter).

Four columns towering on the second platform, the pyramid approach and, gradually intertwining, form a colossal pyramidal column (190 m), carrying a third platform (at an altitude of 276.13 m), also a square shape (16.5 m in diameter); It snakes a lighthouse with a dome, over which at an altitude of 300 m is a platform (1.4 m in diameter).

On the Eiffel Tower Laders (1792 steps) and elevators.

On the first platform, restaurant halls were erected; On the second platform, tanks with engine oil for a hydraulic lift machine (elevator) and a restaurant in a glass gallery were placed. The third platform housed an astronomical and meteorological observatory and a physical office. The lighthouse light was visible at a distance of 10 km.

The erected tower shocked the bold decision of his form. Eiffel was cruelly criticized for the project and at the same time accused of trying to create something artistic and not artistic.

Together with its engineers - Most specialists, Eifel was engaged in the calculations of the wind strength, realizing that if they build the highest construction in the world, then first of all should be convinced of its resistance to wind loads.

The initial treaty with the Eiffel was about the dismantling of the tower 20 years after the construction. As it is not difficult to guess, he was never implemented, and moreover, the rental extended for another 70 years. The history of the Eiffel Tower continued.
Sasha Mitrahovich 19.01.2016 12:32


Under the first balcony, the names of 72 outstanding French scientists and engineers are engraved in all four sides of the parapet, as well as those who have made a special contribution to the creation of Gustav Eiffel.

These inscriptions appeared at the beginning of the 20th century and were restored in 1986-1987 by Société Nouvelle D'Exploitation De La Tour Eiffel, a venue for the operation of the Eiffel Tower.

Tower itself today is the property of the city of Paris.
Sasha Mitrahovich 19.01.2016 12:36

Sasha Mitrahovich 19.01.2016 12:42


In total, four levels can be distinguished: lower (ground), 1st floor (57 meters), 2nd floor (115 meters) and 3rd floor (276 meters). Each of them is notable in its own way.

At the lower level there are cash registers where you can purchase tickets for Eiffel Tower, Information booth, from where you can grab useful brochures and booklets, as well as 4 souvenir stores - one in each column of the tower. In the southern column, in addition, there is a post office, so you can send a postcard from the foot of the famous structure directly from the foot of the famous facilities. Also before the start of conquest the Eiffel Tower there is an option to have a snack in the same buffet right there. From the bottom level, you can get into the offices where old hydraulic machines are installed, lifted elevators in the top of the tower. They can only be admired in the composition of sightseeing groups.

The 1st floor, which, if desired, can be climbed on foot, will delight tourists with another souvenir shop and restaurant 58 Tour Eiffel. However, in addition, here is the preserved fragment of the screw staircase, which led from the second floor to the third, and at the same time in the Eiffel office. A lot of new things about the tower can be found by going to the center of Cineiffel, where the animation dedicated to the history of the structure is demonstrated. Children will probably be interesting to get acquainted with Hus - drawn Talisman Eiffel Tower and a character of a special children's book-guide. Also on the 1st floor, you can admire posters, photos, all kinds of illustrations of different times dedicated to the "iron lady".

On the 2nd floor, the first thing that attracts attention is the common panorama of Paris, which opens from the 115-meter height. Immediately you can replenish our reserves of souvenirs, it is necessary to find out a lot about the history of the tower on special stands, and at the same time and order a delightful lunch in the restaurant "Jules Verne".

3rd floor is the main objective Many tourists, in fact, the vertex of the Eiffel Tower, located at an altitude of 276 meters, where elevators with transparent glasses are leading, so on the path there is a stunning view of the French capital. At the top you can pamper yourself a glass of champagne in Champange Bar. The rise in the top of the Eiffel Tower in Paris is the impressions of the rest of your life.

A visit to the Eiffel Tower is included in the priority list of the affairs of each respective tourist. For someone, it is enough to take a photo on her background, for someone it is important to climb the sightseeing platform for someone, and someone hurries here in the dark day to see the hourly light show - illumination and take a few pictures when the tower contours to 01: 00 Illuminated with backlight.

How to get to the Eiffel Tower

  • On the subway: Bir-Hakeim (M6), Trocadéro (M9)
  • On the electric hospital RER with: Champs de Mars - Tour Eiffel
  • By bus: Tour Eiffel: № 82, 42; Champ de Mars: № 82, 87, 69

Tickets for Eiffel Tower

The ticket price varies from how you will rise: on foot or on the elevator. If your plans do not include visiting the top platform, then you can save by climbing on foot. But if you want to visit the third level, you will have to pay the elevator that will take you from the first to the third level and back.

Prices for tickets to second level (115 meters):

  • Walking adult: 10.20 euros
  • Walking youth (12-24 years): 5.10 Euro
  • Watch children's (4-11 years): 2.50 euros
  • On the elevator adult: 16.30 euros
  • On the elevator are youth: 8.10 euro
  • Children: 4.10 euro

Prices for tickets to the third level (276 meters):

  • Adult: 25.50 euros
  • Youth (12-24 years): 12.70 euros
  • Children's (4-11 years): 6.40 euros

Combined ticket for the third level (staircase + elevator)

  • Adult: 19.40 euros
  • Youth (12-24 years): 9,70 euros
  • Children's (4-11 years old): 4.90 euros

Schedule

The rest of the year:

  • 9:30 - 23:45 - Elevator; The last session at 22:30 - to the second level, at 23:00 on the third level.
  • 9:30 - 18:30 - Staircase; Last session at 18:00.

Levels of the Eiffel Tower

Eiffel Tower is divided into 4 levels: ground and three floors with overview sites.

  1. In the ground level there are ATMs, an information board, souvenir shops (in the supports of the tower), snack buffets, hydraulic machines of the base of the structure (which can be seen only during an excursion), as well as bust of the city of Eifel, .
  2. At an altitude of 57 meters recently passed reconstruction. Now you can walk on the first floor you can see the land under your feet, the floors here are glass and transparent. Also added modern computerized information stands along the terrace. Here you can see the residue (4.30 meters in the height) of the stairs, which initially led to the top of the top, in the office of the Eiffel. Children will be interested to look at the light show, which in an interesting form will tell about the Eiffel Tower. All entertainment services are located in the Ferrié Pavilion. Buffet, relaxation zone, souvenir shop, Room of the Eiffel, which is used for various events, as well as the restaurant The 58 Tour Eiffel - all this is located at the first level of the tower.
  3. No less interesting will be the second level of the tower, at an altitude of 115 meters. In addition to the sighting site, there is a souvenir shop, a buffet with organic snacks, information stands, as well as restaurant Jules Verne.
  4. At an altitude of more than 276 meters there is an overview site of the Eiffel Tower, offering a chic view of the capital. It is here that the advanced tourists seek to get on the impression of what he saw, drink a glass of champagne in Champange Bar (by the way, the cheap pleasure!) In addition, you can see the recreated Cabinet of Husty Eiffel with wax figures, consider panoramic photos taken from different sightseeing sites, as well as I will get acquainted with the layout of the original tower of 1889 in the past 1:50.

Panoramic views from the Eiffel Tower

Separately, I would like to emphasize that it is practical to dress here. Capture a windproof jacket with you, because the wind walks on the top sites. Many people who visited the tower in windy weather (which is found quite often here) argue that the tower slightly shakes. Therefore, take care of comfortable clothes and go to conquer the Eiffel Tower.

Photo of the Eiffel Tower



  • (Price: 43.00 €, 2.5 hours)
  • (Price: 25.00 €, 3 hours)
  • (Price: 45.00 €, 3 hours)

On the Eiffel Tower without a queue

Near the Eiffel Tower always a pillar of tourists and gigantic queues. Those who do not know how to avoid three-hour downtime, stand in a common queue in a ticket office, and then idle the line on the elevator, which raises all levels of the tower. The occupation is tedious and pleasant little bringing, right?

Exit from the situation is extremely simple - you need to buy a ticket for a certain date and day in advance. You can do this through the Internet. As a method known to many, it may happen that tickets for the day you need can be sold out. In rare cases, it may be brought, but it is unlikely. Therefore, tickets need to be sought over three months before the planned visit to Paris. Such tickets go on sale at 8:30 am local time and in the first hours are bought out without a residue.

If the date is not fundamental, then you can find a ticket and a month before the visit. Printing a ticket, you can get to the Eiffel Tower without a queue, provided that you are not afraid of more than 30 minutes from the time spent on the ticket. Therefore, it is better to be in the foyer of the tower 10 minutes before the specified time.

The second way is to buy a tour, the price of which includes a visit to the Eiffel Tower without a queue.

  • (62.50 €)
  • (43.00 €)

Panoramic restaurants

Briefly stands to mention the restaurants of the Eiffel Tower. Prices are very high, and they grow with a raising for each level in geometric progression.

From windows 58 Tour Eiffel. (The first level) offers a magnificent view of the Seine and the famous Torzdero Square. The cozy spacious rooms of the restaurant are ideal for both romantic dinners and for solemn reception (up to 200 guests).

Lunch, worth about 50 euros, consists of three dishes and drink. The menu can be seafood, truffles, lambs and vegetables, salmon fillet with chestnuts, dessert and a good wines map. Dinner provides a more interesting menu. For example, a snack to choose a client, a glass of champagne, the main dish, the original dessert and coffee will cost about 140 euros per person. The table must be reserved in advance.

Ordering the table B. Le Jules Verne. (Second level) The window opens a panoramic overview to Paris from 124 meters altitude. The luxurious interior is furnished with antique furniture, and first-class service, nice music and an impressive collection of wines justify such an impressive price tag in the menu.

Lunch from onion soup and cold fua gras with foam jam plus cakes with pistachios will cost 90 euros, and Lobster dinner will cost at least 200 euros.

At the highest level is located Champagne Bar, where you can buy a glass of real french champagne. 100 ml champagne will cost 13 to 22 euros.

In a word, if you do not open, then you can reduce the thickness of the wallet while you can atheel on the Eiffel Tower and drinking a glass of champagne. Decide, as they say, you yourself need it or not.

History of the Eiffel Tower

In 1889, the celebration of the Centence of the Revolution The Government of the Third Republic decided to shake the public. The anniversary of democracy was timed to hold the next World Trade and Industry Exhibition. Innovations in manufacturing technologies, the emergence of new types of products required wide advertising. The exposition was a symbol of industrialization and an open platform for demonstrating industry achievements. This type of presentation of goods and technologies began to be carried out on an ongoing basis.

Architects, wanting to look into the future and hit the imagination of visitors, offered various options for the appearance of pavilions. One of the original structures was 115 meter indoor room gallery machines.

Particular attention was paid to the design of the input portal. The organizers staged a special contest. It was proposed for consideration more than a hundred projects. Among them was a construction in the form of a huge guillotine - the symbol of the French revolution. The main requirements were as follows:

  • originality of architectural appearance;
  • economic efficiency;
  • the ability to dismantle after exposure.

As the way, the proposal of the company G.Aefel was necessary, which designed a steel tower with a height of 300 m. The precedents did not exist in this structure in the world. However, engineering calculations were based on significant experience in the construction of railway bridges, the complexity and responsibility of the structures of which were not inferior to the conceived tower. Well, futuristic design was out of competition.

These arguments bowed members of the Commission in favor of the Eiffel proposal, and he was issued a privilege for the invention. Engineers of Maurice Kehlen and Emil Nugje took part in the design of the project.

Parisians did not share the optimism of the exhibition organizers. The general public, fearing that the cyclope structure will spoil the special architectural appearance of the capital, he fell as a joke both on the Eiffel himself and the Organizing Committee. Soon after the publication of the results of the competition in the Paris newspaper "Le Temps" (time), a protest was published by the prominent artists, including Gi de Moppasan, E. Zoli, A.Dume (Jr.). Writers, artists, sculptors expressed outrage about the construction of a useless and "terrible Eiffel Tower." Not left aside and church.

Clebbles, supporting the overall hysteria, predicted the rapid drop in the tower and the subsequent end of the world. The clergy, bordering ignorance, is a very characteristic phenomenon when creating revolutionary projects. What only offensive labels did not brand the brainchild of the Eiffel: the iron monster, the skeleton of the bell tower, the skeleton in the form of a candle.

But progress and common sense do not stop. The Organizing Committee of the exhibition, approved the construction, provided only less than a quarter of the necessary funds. Eiffel offered to finance the project from the funds of its own company, if he is provided with the exclusive right to receive profits during the entire period of operation. The agreement was achieved and the author was issued a half million franc gold. The miracle tower was built. Costs paid off in just a year.

After 20 years of operation, according to the contract, the tower was to be dismantled. Save the demolition of it only the intervention of a powerful lobbyist. And so was found represented by the military department. Back in 1898, a transmitter was installed on the top platform and the first radio communication session was held. Eiffel offered to the Ministry of Defense to use the Tower as an antenna for transmitting a radio signal to long distances. Thus, he appeared not only by the builder, but also the Savior of a unique structure, which became the most vivid symbol of France.

The "iron lady", having glorified his creator, eclipsed his talent of a bridgeproofer and a brilliant engineer. Few people know that Gustav Eifel in 1885 designed the inner design of the statue of freedom. The engineer himself said with humor that he should be jealous of the tower: the brainstorming of the Creator.

The new structure was not only the personification of creative lifting, but also the embodiment of the technological breakthrough in metallurgy. The material for the tower served a special kind of soft iron. It was produced by the PUDLINGING process, during which the cast iron turned into a small carbon frame. The strength characteristics allowed the architects to implement the most bold designs. Due to the lightness and strength, the possibility of building overall structures has appeared.

Construction began on January 26, 1887 on a Marse field by earthworks on the device of the pit. So that in the recess did not penetrate groundwaterA system of caisson devices system has been used in the construction of bridges, which created overpressure in the workspace and preventing moisture penetration.

At the same time at the Eiffel factory in the suburb of Paris, Lavalla Parre was launched by the flow production of metal frameworks. The total number of carriers and shaped elements reached 18 thousand, two and a half million rivets were made for their assembly. Designers, using the methods of shipbuilding technologies, scrupulously to the micron, was discharged by the geometry of each type of segments and the points of the fastening of riveting and bolted connections. Technological holes drilled at the factory. They went into business and already made details for other structures. Each set of metal elements has provided with detailed drawings and installation guidelines.

Architect Stefan Soviet member to enjoy the aesthetic appearance of the structure proposed to bind metal supports of the first tier with decorative stone, as well as building arched structures to make the main entrance to the exhibition. If this decision was implemented, the tower would be devoid of a holistic architectural exterior.

To relieve mounting at high height, the largest fragments of the design weighed no more than three tons. When the height of the erected structure has grossing stationary cranes, the Eifel constructed the original lifting mechanisms moving along the rail guide of future elevators.


High production culture made it possible to achieve unprecedented pace of construction. With an enlarged assembly at the construction site, the need to fit separate elements to be reduced to almost zero - the marriage in the work was excluded. At the same time, only about 300 engineers, masters and work workers were involved. Construction work was completed in two years two months and five days. Eiffel licked special attention Safety. During the construction period, it was possible to avoid accidents, only one person died. This is a tragic incident to the production process did not have a relationship.

On March 31, 1889, Gustav Eifel invited officials to climb the steps to the top of the highest facilities in the world.

The curvilinear form of the tower caused a lot of criticism from the modern author of the project of specialists. However, the dorned solution of the Eiffel was dictated by the need to withstand significant wind loads and linear expansion of the metal during the hot season. Life confirmed the engineer's correctness: in the entire history of observations during the strongest hurricane (wind speed reached almost 200 km / h) the Tower's top rejected only by 12 cm.

The design is an elongated pyramid formed by four inclined columns. Columns, each of which has a separate foundation, are connected in two points: at an altitude of 57.6 m and 115, 7 m. The bottom connection is arranged in the form of the arch. The first platform is resting - the Square with a side of 65 m. The restaurant and souvenir shop is located here. On the second tier - the side of the site is 35 m - the restaurant "Jules Vern" is also located and an extensive observation deck. Initially, tanks for the hydraulic system of elevator mechanisms were placed. The topmost area has dimensions of 16 to 16 m. For each of the visitors' tiers raises a separate system of passenger elevators. The two original elevators established in 1899 lived to this day. If someone wants to climb on foot to the upper platform, he will have to overcome 1710 steps.

The main parameters of the tower are as follows:

  • the total weight of the 10 100 tone design;
  • metal frame mass 7 300 tone;
  • the height of the structure is the initial 300.6 m, after the construction of a new antenna in 2010 - 324 m;
  • the height of the observation deck is 276 m;
  • the largest length of the base side is 125 m.

If we melt all the metal used and pour on the base area, the height of the array will be only six meters. This indicates the exceptional ergonomic design. Every seven years is made painting all metal surfaces. These works take up to 60 tons of material. The tower in different epochs was painted in different colors. The recent decades use an original keyboard called "Brown-Eiffel".

The opening of the World Exhibition was accompanied by a bright, at the time, the illumination of the tower. 10 thousand acetylene luminaires were used. Mounted on top of the lighthouse was highlighted in three colors of the French tricolor. At the beginning of the 20th century, an electrical lighting system began to be mounted on the construction.

In the mid-20s, the famous car magnate Henri Citroen turned the tower to the highest advertising in the world. Using 125 thousand light bulbs, he arranged a light show that alternately portrayed ten images: Falling stars, silhouette of construction, date of construction and the name of the concern of the same name. This event lasted nine years before 1934. In 1985, Pierre Bido came up with the coverage of the tower design from the bottom of the spotlights. More than three hundred specially manufactured lighting devices were installed at different levels. Sodium lamps at night stained a metal giant in golden color.


Modern technologies in the lighting industry industry allowed the new appearance to give the world-famous monument. In 2003, the brigade of industrial climbers from 30 people in a few months set a forty-kilometer wiring system, which includes 20 thousand light bulbs. The cost of this update cost four and a half million euros.

In May 2006, in honor of the twentieth anniversary of the European Union, the tower was first highlighted in blue. And in 2008, when France presided over the Council of Europe, during the six months, the construction was distinguished by the original illumination: a blue background with golden stars. It should be noted that the lighting system of the chief symbol of France is the original design and is protected by copyright law.

How to get

Address: 5 AVENUE ANATOLE FRANCE, PARIS 75007
Telephone: +33 892 70 12 39
Website: Tour-eiffel.fr.
Metro: Bir-Hakeim
Rer train: CHAMP DE MARS - TOUR EIFFEL
Working hours: 9:00 - 23:00; 9:00 - 02:00 (in summer)

Ticket price

  • Adult: 17 €
  • Preferential: 14.5 €
  • Children: 10 €

The most talented, thoughtful and successful provocation in architecture - in no way can I describe this iron lady. No, still she is not Madame, but Madmoiselle, elegant and slim. In short, Eiffel Tower - La Tour Eiffel!

We are with you in Paris. And, by visiting, walking by, having studied the sculptures and memorable inscriptions on the Square de Gaulle Square, did not hurry on the Aristocratic Avenue Cleber to the Torokdero Square. A very unhurried walk took only half an hour. And here she, Eiffel Tower. "Bergère ô Tour Eiffel", "the great French poet Guillaine Apolliner wrote at the beginning of the 20th century. - "Cowingle, about the tower of the Eiffel!"

How to get to the Eiffel Tower

For us traveling along the capital of France, Eiffel Tower is very comfortable. Firstly, it is known to be visible from everywhere, and secondly, it is not only terrestrial and underground, but also waterways. After all, it stands on the shore of the Seine.

Bus routes No. 82 are nearby - Stop "Eiffel Tower" ("Tour Efel" - "Tour Eiffel") or "Marso Field" ("Shang Dy Mars" - "Champs De Mars"), No. 42 - Stop "Eiffel Tower" , № 87 - Stop "Marso Field" and No. 69 - also "Marso Field".

River trams - Bato-Mush (Bateaux-Mouches) - moor and right at the foot of the Eiffel Tower, and on the other coast of the Seine, the Alma Bridge. Therefore, after you return from Heaven (I mean from the tower) to the ground, you can continue your acquaintance with Paris on the open deck of a shoe-fly, disperse Water Seine.

Metro stations near the big cowlushka several: "Passy" ("Passy"), "Shang Day Mars - Tour Efel" ("Champs de Mars - Tour Eiffel"), "Bir-Aquen" ("Bir-Hakeim"), which is named In honor of the fighting of the French with the troops of the Hitler's array of Rommel in May-June 1942 in Libya. However, I highly recommend you to the Troocadero station (Trocadéro) - it is in the post. Hence the shortest but beautiful hiking to the Eiffel Tower.

A little trocader

Arriving for the first time in Paris, I did not see any sights on the first day. But it is here, on the Torocader's Square, coming to a broad Esplanade, the ripped giant horseshoe Palace Shao, understood: I'm really in Paris! Because in all its glory and in full growth, the main symbol of the Paris capital opened in front of me - the Eiffel Tower in the light lace from the iron head to stone spots.

Then it seemed to me that I came up with the original perspective for photographing: you need to slightly beaten a sideline, put the hand to the same side, and if the photographer compatates you from the tower, then the picture will turn out if you are on it (tower). And you are with her almost one growth. How much how many similar pictures came across for me since my "opening" years! ..

Make a bunch of photos, admire the amazing view of another architectural axis of Paris: Trocadero - Yen Bridge - Eiffel Tower - Marso Field - Military Academy - Fontainaua Square - Avenue Sax (not in honor of the inventor of the saxophone, and in memory of Marshal Moriza Saxon). And it closes this axis another tower - Montparnasse, the Movement Eiffel ... Do not hurry, especially if you came here, on Esplanada, in the evening. At sunset here is especially beautiful.

Between the case you can look at the Museum of the Movie, the Naval Museum and the Museum of the Museum, and if you go from the palace and take a little left, you will find the "Aquarium of Paris" - they say as if all the inhabitants of French rivers and even With mermaids!

Well, now let's appreciate the "Trocadero" park expanded right in front of us with its largest fountain in Paris: among the gold-plated statues, the tons of water are escaping from dozens of waterballs located with a cascade.

In the summer in the heat I advise you to lie down on the emerald lawn by the fountain and refreshing the cool water dust before throwing the Eiffel Tower through the Yen Bridge.

History of the Eiffel Tower. World Gate.

In the meantime, refreshing at the fountain, let's remember, "where there is a" Eiffel Tower "from there.

At the end of the XIX century, our planet appeared fashion to hold world exhibitions and show all that your country has invented new and retained old good. In 1889, the honor to pursue such an exhibition fell out. In addition, the reason was the appropriate - the 100th anniversary of the Great French Revolution. What to surprise guests? Paris's Municipality decided to decorate the entrance to the exhibition with an unusual arch. Announced the competition among French engineers, in which Gustave Eiffel (Gustave Eiffel) took part. Here it is in the picture.

Honestly, the Eiffel itself has no ideas about the decoration of the exhibition gate. But in the engineering office headed by him, talented employees worked. For example, Maurice Keshelin (Maurice Koechlin), which was lit up the drawing of the high-altitude tower. Her and took what is called, as a basis. Calling on the face of another colleague, Emil Nougier (Émile Nouguier), polished the project to the brilliance. And won in the competition, eclipsed more than hundreds of competitors! Among them and the one who suggested building the gate of the exhibition in the form of a giant guillotine. What's wrong? Anniversary of the revolution! ..

True, the urban authorities wanted something very much more than just a metal structure, even if very high-tech. And then the Eifel turned to the architect Stephen Sauvestre. He added architectural excesses to the Tower project, which made it irresistible: Arches, a rounded top, trimmed with a stone of support ... In January 1887, the city hall of Paris and Eifel hit hands, and construction began.

It was incredible even at the current rates of the pace - in two years and two months the tower was ready. Moreover, it collected it from 18,038 parts with a 2.5 million rivets of only 300 workers. It's all about a clear organization of Labor: Eiffel made the exact drawings and ordered the main parts of the tower to prepare for the installation on the ground. Moreover, with drilled holes and for the most part, rivets already inserted into them. And there, in the swellings, all-in-line installers remained only to docile the details of this gigantic designer.

Six months worked by the World Exhibition in Paris. During this time, you came to the tower and 2 million people came to the city. Despite the protests of 300 representatives of the cultural community (including Maupassant, Duma-Son, Charles Guno), who believed that the tower of Paris urged, by the end of the 1889th year of birth of the tower - it was possible to "repel" 75 percent of its construction costs. Given that another 25 percent of Eifel got from the city treasury at the conclusion of the contract, a successful engineer was able to immediately go to making money with the help of his iron brain. After all, by the same Agreement with the mayor's tower, Gyustuu Eifel, was transferred to a quarter of a century! Not Divo, that soon he bought off his colleagues from his colleagues, all the rights to their general seems to be an idea and could even afford to equip an apartment on her last, the third floor.

In this housing in the seventh heaven, Eiffel in 1899 received the famous American inventor Thomas Edison. They say that they meet with coffee, brandy and cigars - lasted ten hours. And I saw with my own eyes: they are sitting there, at the very top of the tower, so far! And the maid at the sideline froze in anticipation: what else will the Lord engineers do? But engineers also froze in their century conversation. Yes, don't they wax?

Check without fail! It's time to start the rise.

Now upstairs

The tower does not know the holidays and weekends, it is open to visitors every day in winter from 9.30 to 23.00, and in the summer - from 9.00 to 24.00.

Warning immediately: the queue for tickets to the Eiffel Tower may be long: and two, and three hours (take a look at the photo).

It is best to come here in the evening when the tower is beautiful not only with pre-ordered species, but also some recession of the tourist flux that is washing all four of her supports. In them, by the way, there are cash regulations. After 20.00, you can spend in the queue of just an hour and a half, or even an hour at all.

There is an option to order tickets via the Internet. Although on the website of the Eiffel Tower Tower, as a rule, sold a month ahead. But you do not have to lose the precious Parisian time under the iron shepherds reflected in the hay of the clouds. True, I will have a visit to her exactly to the time specified in the ticket. This is not an exaggeration: late - they will not be allowed any floor and the ticket is annulled.

Tickets are equally both at the box office and on the site. I ask you: do not buy tickets from hand. Never! And in general, do not buy anything in Paris. Is that fried chestnuts.

Know and remember:

  • climb On the elevator by 3rd floor The Eiffel Tower, on the very top, stands for an adult 17 euros, for teenagers and young people from 12 to 24 years old - 14.5 euros, children from 4 to 11 years old - 8 euros;
  • lifting on elevator for the 2nd floor: Adults - 11 euros, adolescents and young people from 12 to 24 years old - 8.5 euros, children from 4 to 11 years old - 4 euros;
  • lifting the stairs on the 2nd floor: Adults - 7 euros, teenagers and youth from 12 to 24 years old - 5 euros, children from 4 to 11 years old - 3 euros. Keep in mind: when climbing the stairs you will have to overcome 1674 steps. Legs!

Prices for group visits are exactly the same, only 20 people relies on a free guide.

To get to the very top, tell the word "Sommet" flyer (SOMOM), that is, the "top". And if the third floor is not closed for repairs, you will go there without a delay in the second floor, where you would have to buy a ticket again - now at the mark "276 meters".

Go!

Calculate the queue or having time for the term of its e-ticket, you enter the elevator. This will be one of the two historical elevators installed in 1899 by FIV-Lille ("FiveS-Lill"). He will take you to the second floor. And from there we will go higher on a more modern (1983) Otis elevator.

What seemed to be seen on the Eiffel Tower? Not from her, namely on it. Believe me, you should look not only from top to bottom, but also on the sides.

First floor of the Eiffel Tower

Here I recently updated the Salon of the Gustava Eiffel, and now he can take from 200 participants of any conference to 300 guests of the buffet. Want to sit down? The hall accommodates 130 guests invited to dinner. For private lunch (from 50 euros) or dinner (from 140 euros), you can order a table in the restaurant "58 Tour Eiffel". The figure in the name of no accident - at such a height (in meters) is the establishment. His charm is also in the fact that the cost of your lift on a separate (!) The elevator is already included in the restart account.

Here, on the first floor, a transparent floor appeared in the 2013th, so see ... See, no matter how your head has spinning! Here you will show you a description of the three walls by the seven spotlights of the play "On the Universe Eiffel Tower". Nearby there is a recreation area where you can sit down, there are benches where you can buy souvenirs. Schurdogoga, but on the most Eiffel Tower. And also, they say, in the winter on the first floor they pour the rink!

Second floor of the Eiffel Tower

Here, in addition to the excellent review of Paris, you will be served to dine or rebound in the restaurant "Jules Verne" (entrance to the elevator who is responsible for you personally before him, in the picture). A great fictionist and a fideller who predicted many familiar innovative inventions is perpetuated by a catering point at an altitude of 115 meters. Prices here, truth, also fantastic: two times higher than the floor below. Expensive? And on the first, and on the second floors there are buffets with "homemade sandwichs", pastries and drinks are hot and cold.

Third floor of the Eiffel Tower

Well, finally, the third floor will suggest you to celebrate the climbing at the highest point of Paris by a glass of champagne for the transitional price - from 12 to 21 euros per 100 grams. In addition, you will be able to see the glass of the Eiffel apartment (where he talks to Edison), look close to the antennas, who mastered the head of the Iron Cowness, and make sure that it was from here in 1921 first went to the broadcast broadcast, and in 1935 television signal

Another personal advice: decided to climb the third floor of the Eiffel Tower - take warm things with you, even if there is a terrible heat on the streets of Paris. At almost 300-meter height blowing the piercing cold wind. And the tower bends and creak. Just joking, do not creak. Nuts, but deviates only 15-20 centimeters at the highest point - at an altitude of 324 meters.

* * *

It's surprising: the contract with Gustave Eiffel, Paris, has concluded for 20 years, and after the tower was prescribed to disassemble. Where there! Who would allow! Everyone got used to, loved ... In 1910, Eifel extended the Tower lease agreement for another 70 years.

For a long time they subsided argued around the Parisian Cowlushka, in 1923 her creator died, and she was all worth and rust. Because it is repainted in a few years, spending up to 60 tons of paint of a special kaper "Brown-Eiffel". And for a long time ago, no one can imagine Paris without this windmill Madmoiselle.

While we took off to the skies and descended from the clouds to the ground, the night came. This means that you are waiting with you.

A few days before Hitler had to visit the occupied Paris, the elevator in the Eiffel Tower broke. The breakdown was so serious that it was not possible to repair the lift in the conditions of war. Go upstairs itself big facilities France failed. Earned the elevator only when Paris was freed from the Nazi invaders - literally in a few hours. Therefore, the French say that although Hitler managed to conquer France, he still could not seize the Eiffel Tower.

If you carefully look at the map of Paris, the capital of France, in order to find out where the Eiffel Tower is located, it can be seen that it is located in the western part of the city, on a Marsa field, on the left bank of the Seine, near the Jena bridge, which connects the Branley embankment with the opposite shore. To find out where the Eiffel Tower is located on geographic map The world can be in the following coordinates: 48 ° 51 '29 "p. Sh., 2 ° 17 '40 "in. d.

It is now the Silhouette of the Eiffel Tower is a symbol of Paris, and once, from the first days of its existence, she caused an ambiguous reaction from both the French and guests and guests. While tourists admired her weight, size and unusual design, many Parisians were categorically against her presence in the capital and repeatedly demanded that the authorities disassemble this grand construction.

From the planned demolition (the weight of the Iron construction was attracted not one firm in the field of metallurgy) Eiffel Tower was saved only because the era of radio frequency waves came - and it was this construction that was suitable for the installation of radio antennic.

The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a tower

The history of the Eiffel Tower began when the French decided to organize a world exhibition dedicated to the century French revolutionwhich occurred in 1789. To this end, the competition has been announced throughout the country, the purpose of which was to take the best engineering and architectural projects that can be submitted at the planned event and which will be able to demonstrate the technical achievements of France over the past decade.

Among the competitive works, most of the proposals were similar to each other and were a kind of Eiffel Tower, on which the judges decided to stop their choice. An interesting fact: although the author of the project is considered to consider Gustava Eifel, in reality his staff - Emil Nugje and Maurice Köhlen filed the idea. Their option had to be somewhat modified, because the Parisians, which preferred a more refined architecture, it seemed unnecessary "dry".


It was decided the lower part of the design to lay a stone, and on the first floor to tie the supports and the center of the Tower with Arches, which would also serve the entrance to the exhibition. He filed an idea on all three tiers of facilities to equip the glazed halls, and the top of the design give a rounded shape and decorate it with different decorative elements.

Building

An interesting fact: Half money for the construction of the Eiffel Tower, Gustave Eifel himself was allocated (the remaining part of the amount was made by three French banks). For this, a contract was signed with him, according to which the future structure was transferred to the engineer for rent for a quarter of a century, and the compensation was provided for, which should have covered 25% of its costs.

The tower took off before the exhibition closer (for six months of her work, more than 2 million people came to the unprecedented construction for those times), so its further exploitation brought a lot of money to Eiffel.

The creation of the Eiffel Tower took very little time: two years, two months and five days. Interesting fact: only three hundred workers were involved in construction, and not a single death case was recorded, which at the time was a kind of achievement.

Such rapid pace of construction is primarily due to high-quality drawings, in which absolutely accurate dimensions of all metal parts were indicated (and their number exceeded 18 thousand). When collecting the towers, completely finished parts were applied with holes, two thirds of which had pre-installed ripples.

An important role was played by the fact that the weight of the details did not exceed three tons - it greatly facilitated their rise to the top.

In construction, lifting cranes were involved, which after the tower significantly exceeded their height, raised the items to the maximum level for them, from where they got into mobile cranes, which moved to the rails that were laid for elevators.


Two years after the start of construction work, Eiffel Tower also built her chief engineer on March 31, 1989. Waterproof over the design of the France flag - and the opening of the Eiffel Tower took place. In the same evening, she shone with multi-colored lights: on top of the structure, a lighthouse was installed, which fled the flowers of the French flag, two spotlights and about 10 thousand gas lanterns (they were subsequently replaced by 125 thousand electrical light bulbs).

In our time, the Eiffel Tower at night is "dressed" in a golden robe, which sometimes changes its color depending on the events.

What does a symbol of France look like

The dimensions of the Eiffel Tower were struck by Parisians before the end of construction work - no one had seen such a structure in the world yet. What a grand design appeared in front of them, they say at least such facts that it was much higher than all existing structures at that time: Heopps's pyramid had a height of 146 meters, Cologne and Ulm Cathedrals - 156 and 161 meters, respectively (construction of higher sizes It was erected only in 1930 - it was the New York Chrysler Building height in 319 m).

Immediately after the end of construction, the height of the Eiffel Tower was about three hundred meters (in our time, thanks to the antenna installed on its vertex, the height of the Eiffel Tower in the spire - 324 m). You can climb to the tower to the second floor it is possible in steps - all of them are 1792 pieces or on the elevator. From the second to the third - only on the lift. The one who decides to rise so high will unambiguously regret: the view from the Eiffel Tower is chic - the whole Paris is like a palm.

Eiffel Tower in Paris shocked contemporaries to their unusual forms for the capital, and therefore the project was more than more than nothing criticism.

The designer claimed that this configuration was the best option to successfully resist the strength of the wind (as the time has shown, it was right: even the strongest hurricane, which swept the capital at a speed of 180 km / h, rejected the top of the tower only 12 cm). There is no doubt that the externally Eiffel Tower is somewhat reminiscent of the elongated pyramid, the weight of which is quite a few tons.


Below, at the same distance from each other, four square columns are located, the length of each side of such a column is 129.3 meters and all of them go up at a small angle with tilt to each other. These columns at the level of 57 m connect decorated with arches the arch on which the first tier was installed in size 65 to 65 m (there were placed restaurant). Interestingly, under this floor, from all sides, the names of the seventy two most famous French scientists designers are knocked out, as well as all who accepted a significant participation in the construction of the tower.

From the first platform under a small angle upwards, another four columns rose to each other, which converge together at an altitude of 115 m, and the size of the second floor is two times less than - 35 35 meters (there is a restaurant, and the tanks with intended for lift with machine oil). Four columns on the second tier also go up at an angle, approaching until the height of 190 m is not converged in one column, on which, at the level of 276 m, the third floor is 16.5 by 16.5 meters (there were astronomic and meteorological observatory and physical office).

The lighthouse was installed over the third floor, the light from which can be seen at a distance of 10 km, because of what the Eiffel Tower looks closely beautiful, because shines blue, white and red light - the colors of the national flag of France. In three hundred meters from the ground over the lighthouse, a very small platform was installed - 1.4 per 1.4 meters, on which the twenty-meter spire is now.

As for the mass of the structure, its weight is 7.3 thousand tons (the weight of the total mass of the structure is 10.1 thousand tons). Interesting fact: For all the years of its existence, the Eiffel Tower was sold by particularly lucky entrepreneurs about two tens of times (metal weight of the world-famous construction is not a single buyer attracted). For example, in 1925, the Eiffel Tower was twice sold on scrap metal with Victor lounted.

The same thing did in the thirty-five years of Englishman David Sams, interesting fact It is that he managed to document the solid Dutch firm that the Paris authorities instructed him to dismantle. As a result, he was arrested, put in prison, but the money was not returned to the firm.

Eiffel Tower is the main symbol of Paris and all of France. Which of us would like to be in the most magical, romantic and beautiful city on Earth - Paris. He is full of paints, the French capital captures, discovering a new, previously unknown world. Each of us has always dreamed of stroll through Champs Elysees, go through the halls of Versailles, and, of course, see the city from a bird's-eye view, climbing the Eiffel Tower.

Weight Eiffel Tower

The weight of this creation of engineering thought is 10,100 tons, and the weight of the most metallic design of 7300 tons. To date, due to the development of technologies of this amount of metal, there would be enough for several similar structures.

Height of the Eiffel Tower

For four decades, the Eiffel Tower with a height of 300 meters (in 2010, due to the installed antenna, the height increased to 324 meters) was considered the highest in the world and exceeded almost twice the structure of that time, such as.

Height of the Nizhny Yarusa

Height of medium tier

Height of the upper tier

  • From the 2nd floor, namely from 115 m. In 2010, a world record was established on videos.
  • In 2012, Alain Robert Wrest to the top of the monument without insurance.
  • Eiffel Tower is an exclusive color entitled "Eiffel-brown".
  • About two thousand kilograms of paper is required to print day tickets for visitors of the Iron Lady.
  • In 2007, American Erika Lababy took the Eiffel Tower into her husband. The government did not recognize the marriage, but the woman was allowed to change the name on Erica La Tour Eiffel.
  • The Creator of the Iron Lady spent from its own funds for the construction of 8,000,000 francs, which paid off in the first year after opening.
  • The tower repeatedly changed her appearance from red-brown to yellow.
  • Since 2004, on the first floor is poured. This year it is stylized under a hockey topic.
  • The total length of the path to the top of the Eiffel Tower is 1792 steps.
  • Every year, the monument is visited by more than 6 million tourists, and a day to 30 thousand people.
  • The amount of energy consumed by the tower is 7.8 million kWh per year to provide 5 billion lamps and lamps.
  • 300-hundred millionth visitor expect in 2017
  • One share of the Eiffel Tower on the stock exchange costs approximately 40 euros.
  • The total number of elements of the structure is 18038 and they are connected by more than 2,500,000 ripples.
  • The total area of \u200b\u200bthe metal structure is 250 thousand m 2
  • The painting of the structure costs 4,000,000 euros (2009 data), paint it in 7 years.
  • More than 60 tons of paint 3 shades are in painting
  • Misfortunes also accompany this monument from June 15, 1898. Already about 400 people committed suicide.
  • From the wind, the tower deviates only 15 cm, and on a sunny day its slope is 18 cm.
  • Service staff 350 people.
  • Pressure on Earth 4 kg. CM 2.
  • An overview from the top viewing site is almost 70 km. in good weather.
  • Eiffel Tower is considered the most expensive monument of Europe, its value is 435 million

Project Eiffel Tower


The anniversary of the French revolution came, in honor of this the authorities were decided to arrange an exhibition, creating something that would be remembered for a long time. The administration instructed the work of a well-known engineer Gustavu Eiffel to make a project and make proposals for the construction of the future building. Gustav was surprised, but after painstaking work, an original, complex and unusual drawing of the city tower was made to the administration of the city - the iron tower towering on three hundred meters. According to historical certificates, the engineer has long been a similar idea and initial drawing, but he did not pay them big attention Due to the complexity of work and employment.

In 1884, he received a patent for the creation of a project, after buying out exceptional law.

Two years later, the competition was launched, determining the appearance of the exhibition. It was attended by 107 a wide variety of projects, many of them repeated the drawings of the Eiffel Tower, but did not exceed it.

For the exhibition, very unusual proposals were offered, for example, a huge guillotine - a special mechanism for carrying out the death penalty, by cutting off the head, resembling all the horrors of the revolution. Another interesting offer is a stone tower, the construction was supposed to surpass Washington monument in the United States. From ideas immediately refused, due to the inconvenience of the construction of the construction only from stone.

The Eiffel project was among the four lucky winners. In order for the tower to fit the aesthetic ensemble of the city, the last changes were made, after the drawing finally approved.

After approval, there was a difficult task: to build the Eiffel Tower in two years. This has become possible due to the special structural methods.

Many members of the public were against Iron Mahina right in the center of Paris, so Stefan Soviet was invited to work on aesthetic species. He put forward several conceptual solutions to reflect the iron construction, offered to strip lower supports by stones, the base and first floor to combine using a patterned arch. It was proposed to glaemate the halls, to make a top of a rounded, and the last barcode is the use of decorative elements over the entire height.

With Eiffel, as an engineer and the Creator, signed an agreement, it was provided with personal use and rent for twenty-five years, plus considerable subsidies. It is worth noting that the Eiffel Tower fully paid off during the exhibition, and the excursion to her favorable business today.

Construction of the Eiffel Tower

The construction of the Eiffel Tower took just over two years, all thanks to carefully worked drawings. They indicated the exact dimensions of about twelve thousand different metal parts. For the assembly of the structure was used more than two and a half million ripples. To carry out faster work, several parts were collected on Earth into single blocks, holes were drilled in advance for ripples. Each of the iron blocks weighed no more than three tons, it facilitated their installation at height.

First, cranes were used, and when the tower of them turned, Gustav invented special mobile cranes, moving along the rails, and after their place launched the elevators.

Due to compressed terms and high height of the structure, Eifel paid great attention to safety. Over the entire period there were no incidents, with fatal, which is quite surprising for that period.

Paradoxically, but the most difficult work was carried out with the bottom platform, it kept the multi-torque construction, not giving it to seek, bend or collapse. The whole design has an excellent oscillatory trajectory, which allows not to fall due to a strong wind.

From the diaries of eyewitnesses of those events you can meet enthusiastic stories about the construction of the Eiffel Tower.

Many Parisians were sincerely surprised and admired about so fast-growing, huge iron giant in the very center of the city.

And here, on March 31, 1889, in twenty-six months, the engineer invited officials for the first lift, it was necessary to overcome 1710 steps.

Reaction to Eiffel Tower

According to the contract with the Eiffel engineer, the tower should have been dismantled in twenty years, but the unusual structure was very liked by the visitors of the exhibition and the guests of the capital, having a deafening success. Only for 6 months it was visited by more than two million people.

"Iron Lady", that is how people called the structure, caused a rather controversial reaction. After the project is approved and the construction of construction and petitions came to the mayor and the administration, with the requirement to stop the construction site. Activists believed that the Eiffel Tower would destroy the aesthetic ensemble of the city built by many centuries. They called her ugly, tasteless, huge iron pipe. Many were outraged by the shadow dropped by the tower, saying that he did not hide from her anywhere, it can be seen from anywhere in the city.

On the ground floor there was a restaurant working today. Once, Gi de Maupassant - the famous French writer who had dined in the restaurant, asked why he chooses this particular place. To which he gave a very categorical answer, saying: "That this restaurant is the only place in all of Paris, where the tower is not visible." But the "iron lady" stood more than twenty years, now you can not submit a city without it.

Lights of the Eiffel Tower

When night falls on the city, the Eiffel Tower lights up thousands of little lights, the sight of indescribable beauty, it is simply impossible to take a look. Usually it glows with gold lights, but during the solemn events or mourning events, it is painted in the colors of the flags of different countries, the inscriptions are projected on it, or the color symbolizing the event is being selected.

Where is the Eiffel Tower

The symbol of Paris is located in the 7th district, not far from the embankment of Branley on the banks of the Sena River.

At 5 -10 minutes from the Eiffel Tower are several metro stations:

  • TROCADERO station, goes to Torocadero Square, Sixth and Ninth Metro Line. You just need a little walk, go away - the parking area, decorated with fountains and the bridge over the river.
  • Bir-Hakeim Station, Sixth Metro Line. To the same station, the suburban trains, the line C. You will go out on the waterfront, from here walking to walk just a couple of minutes, enjoying the views of the Seine.
  • Ecole Militaire station, eighth line. She is farther from a well-known attraction, but is noteworthy in that it passes through the famous Marse Park.

You should not neglect buses (42, 69, 72, 82, 87) or walk, so you can enjoy the city in a lively, and not pushing in stuffy twagons subway.

View of Eiffel Tower

Google-panorama of the Eiffel Tower.