Types of grammatical errors in sentences. III.Grammatical errors in sentence structure. Main types of speech errors

Grammatical errors occur when the rules of the Russian language are not followed, which sometimes gives speech an unflattering sound. We cannot always convey a beautifully presented idea to our interlocutor if we allow such inaccuracies in verbal and writing. By remembering the rules in speech patterns, you can avoid the occurrence of grammatical errors in order to speak or write beautifully, elegantly and expressively. A grammatical error is the weakest point in completing tasks in the Russian language, so in this article we will look at them in more detail.

A little theory

Grammatical errors are errors in the structures of linguistic units, in the structures of words, phrases, and sentences. These also include violations of one or another grammatical norm: morphological, word-formation or syntactic. Below you can take a closer look at the table, which shows options for such a violation as a grammatical error. Study the examples of incorrect use of words and their combinations carefully. Try to remember simple rules that will come in handy in later life when constructing beautiful dialogues.

Grammatical errors

Studying the grammatical rules of the language and cases of their violation will allow you to make your speech more accurate and expressive. Your cultural level as a native speaker will increase. Indeed, beautiful, clean speech in compliance with all rules and regulations literary language distinguished by logic, richness, purity and euphony. Believe me, in conversation and writing, grammatical errors (and any others) do not look very dignified, so remember the simple rules and try to speak and write beautifully!

Even literate people make grammatical mistakes. It is not difficult to notice that some rules of Russian do not cause difficulties, while others regularly trip up the majority. It's not so much that these rules are complicated. Rather, they are simply inconvenient, and some have so many exceptions and peculiarities of application that their presentation takes up an entire page - it seems that it is impossible to learn them without being an academician.

Let's consider the most typical mistakes in the Russian language, committed not by schoolchildren, but by fairly literate people.

What is considered a grammatical error?

A grammatical error is a violation of a generally accepted established norm. Grammar refers to any errors related to word formation (for example, the wrong suffix is ​​used), morphology (for example, the wrong declension of a verb), syntax (for example, inconsistent with the main sentence

It is necessary to distinguish grammatical errors from spelling or speech errors.

The most common mistakes are related to punctuation:

1. Many people are used to highlighting “however” with commas and are very surprised when Word underlines the comma after it as an error. More attentive people will notice that a comma after “however” is considered an error only when it appears at the beginning of a sentence. Indeed, if the meaning of this word is similar to “still”, “nevertheless”, and it is in the middle of a sentence, then it is considered introductory and must be separated by commas. If it means “but”, as, for example, in the sentence “However, she did not understand him” (= “But she did not understand him”), then there is no need to put a comma.

2. There is often confusion with the dash and colon signs. Many, faced with a missing conjunction, intuitively understand that they need to use a more “solid” sign than a comma. But which one exactly? The rule is actually quite simple. You need to choose the most suitable words to replace the missing conjunction.

If words such as “what”, “namely” are suitable in meaning, then you need to put a colon. A colon is also placed if the first sentence ends with words denoting perception and suggesting that they will be followed by a description. These can be words: see, understand, feel, etc.

I remember (that): it was evening, a quiet pipe was playing.

He was a complex person (namely): hot-tempered, bilious, gloomy.

I recognized him immediately: (because) he was wearing one yellow shoe.

I see: a barge is floating, on it is a barefoot boy, tanned, unfamiliar, but sparkling with a smile and the very next second he waves his hand at me.

If you can insert words such as “a”, “but”, “and”, “as if”, “it”, “therefore”, “as if”, then you need to use a dash.

He took a wide step - his pants tore.

Across the sea, the heifer (this) is half a piece, and carries a ruble.

The wind blew - (therefore) the old forest groaned and creaked.

A dash is also used when the words “if” or “when” can be added at the beginning of a sentence.

(When) I thought about Grisha - he was right there.

(If) I get a fee, we’ll go to sea!

Grammatical errors related to morphology

Difficulties arise with the “nn” in suffixes (although everyone remembers glass, tin, and wood); it is especially difficult to deal with the double “n” in adverbs. And also many people are confused by the use of particles not/nor. Quite a few educated people, unbeknownst to themselves, make mistakes in management. Which is correct, “control for” or “control over”? Confusion between the two is another popular grammatical error. Example:

• quality control;
• control over the execution of orders;
• water level control.

Which option is correct? All. This or that type of control in this case is selected depending on the characteristics of the subsequent word. For example, “control over” is used before verbal nouns (perform - execution). There are other subtleties.

This article does not cover all common grammatical errors. It is quite possible to learn not to commit them by studying the rules. We hope we have been able to demonstrate that learning the secrets native language- it’s a fascinating thing, and sometimes a superficial acquaintance with the rule is enough to realize all its logic and expediency. We also hope that you noticed variations in the use of the rules described above in the article itself, and not just under the headings “examples”.

Types of grammatical errors

1.

• Prepositions according to, contrary to, thanks to, contrary to used with D. p. (not R. p.)

ERROR: according to schedule I , contrary to the order A

• Incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

• Remember the mistakes

Upon arrival, upon departure, upon departure

Upon completion, upon return, upon completion

NORMAL: upon arrival, upon arrival

• Incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

• The preposition software can be used from places. 1 and 2 l. in pp.

NORMA: I miss us, you.

• Incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

• Omitting a preposition.

On water, land and air- we are everywhere

protected. (in the air)

• The meaning of the preposition.

Thanks to We stayed at home due to bad weather.

(as a result, due to)

• Incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

• Management can be prepositional (belief in victory) and non-prepositional (slow down progress).

An error occurs when an incorrect choice is made

case or preposition.

ERROR: peculiar to us,

confidence in victory, the problem of security.

• 2.

• Errors in sentences whose subordinate parts begin with the conjunction words WHO, NOBODY.

WHO AND NOBODY is used with singular verbs.

Those, who have been to the city, could not help but admire

Those who has been to the city, couldn't help but admire

by sea.

• Disruption of connection between subject and predicate

• The predicate must be in the plural if it is expressed by adj. or par.

ERROR: A number of scenes in the play are true and

interesting.

• Disruption of connection between subject and predicate

• The predicate must be plural if the subject contains 2,3,4

ERROR: Three books are on the table.

• Disruption of connection between subject and predicate

• The predicate coming after homogeneous subjects must be in the plural.

ERROR: Industry and agriculture are developing steadily.

• Disruption of connection between subject and predicate

• If collected noun. does not have controlled words, then the predicate must be in the singular.

• 3. Violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

• The names of works, paintings, films, enclosed in quotation marks, do not change if there is a adverbial noun next to them. – genre designation.

ERROR: In the movie "War and Peace"

S. Bondarchuk played the role of Pierre.

• Violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

• If adverbial noun. is missing, the proper name is changed.

ERROR: In “War and Peace” S. Bondarchuk played the role of Pierre.

• 4.

• If homogeneous predicates have one dependent word, you need to check whether they can control it.

ERROR: During the war, people hoped and

believed in victory.

(hoped to win)

• Error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

• Violation of the homogeneity of concepts.

The mountainside we were descending, covered with thick ferns, was very steep.

He remembered the taiga and how he hunted a bear.

I love football and swimming.

His conclusions are simple and clear.

• Error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

• Double conjunctions cannot be changed.

ERROR: They answered well as young men, but

also girls.

• We need to check the place homogeneous members with double alliances.

ERROR: I not only read newspapers, but also magazines.

• Error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

• You cannot mix generic and specific concepts or combine incompatible ones.

There were crucian carp, carp, and fish in the boat.

He came with his wife and a bad mood.

• Error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

• Violation of case forms of a generalizing word and one-word terms

ERROR: The meeting was attended by representatives of three countries: England, France, Italy.

• 5.

• A gerund phrase cannot be used if the action expressed by the predicate verb and the action expressed by the gerund refer to different persons.

ERROR: Using a calculator, the calculation is done quickly.

• Incorrect sentence construction with participial phrase

• The adverbial phrase cannot be used in an impersonal sentence

ERROR: Walking in the evening, I didn’t feel well.

• Incorrect construction of sentences with participles

• The adverbial phrase cannot be used in a sentence with a passive construction.

ERROR: After delivering the necessary medications, the plane will be inspected by technicians.

• Incorrect construction of sentences with participles

• Error when the aspectual form of the verb and the gerund are not correlated.

ERROR: Meeting with the grandmaster, the young chess player won.

• 6.

• Breakup of the proverb by the defined word.

ERROR: Mom's pancakes were delicious.

• Violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases

• Violation of agreement with a defined word.

ERROR: We are proud of the players who defeated the English team.

• Violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases

• Replacing passive participles with active ones.

ERROR: The task we are performing does not cause any difficulties.

• You cannot use 1st and 2nd person pronouns in the subordinate clause.
• ERROR: The student said I'm not ready yet.

• Incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

• Redundancy of unions

ERROR: He was constantly asked if he would complete the work he started.

He asked where his things were.

• In the story “The Jumper,” Chekhov condemns idleness.
• He loved and was passionate about reading.
• Great care needs to be taken towards children.
• My desk neighbor asked who would go to football with me.
• came to our city and admired its provincial simplicity.
• The sun illuminated the mountain peaks covered with snow.
• Having rested a little, the work began to be completed faster.

Check yourself I

1. In the story “The Jumper,” Chekhov condemns idleness.

violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

2. He loved and was passionate about reading.

error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

3. Great care must be taken towards children.

incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

4. My desk neighbor asked who would go to football with me.

incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech

5. Whoever came to our city admired its provincial simplicity.

disruption of the connection between subject and predicate

6. The sun illuminated the mountain peaks covered with snow.

violation in the construction of sentences with a participial phrase

7. Having rested a little, the work began to be completed faster.

violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases

1. One of the facts of the biography of A.P. Chekhov, which recently became known, is the construction of four

rural schools.

2. Andryushin remained on the terrace for a long time, admiring the dazzling flashes of lightning over the garden.

3. Everyone really liked the illustrations for the stories sent to the competition.

4. V.G. Belinsky wrote about 20 articles and reviews specifically dedicated to the work of N.V. Gogol.

5. Part of the audience preparatory courses attends film lectures interested in gaining knowledge.

6. In " Explanatory dictionary living Great Russian language" V.I. Dahl contains more than 80 thousand words that have not been previously written down.

7. Schoolchildren from our village willingly helped a group of archaeologists who came from Novgorod.

8. To the right of the steering wheel there was a compass with a circle of indicator covered with cracked and partly peeled off enamel, dotted with numerous divisions.

9. In these wonderful books, dedicated to the most interesting events and facts in a person’s life, you will find the answers

to many questions that interest you.

10. At the end of the 18th century, science became aware of the existence of an unusual mammal that laid eggs and incubated them: it was the platypus.

11. The page of the passport containing encoded information about its owner will be filled out using laser engraving.

12. I read this work by Vasil Bykov in the summer, dedicated to the Great Patriotic War.

13. One of the wonders on the Kuril ridge, which attracts tourists from all over the world, is connected

with volcanoes.

14. The girl who sat by the window and who sang well was remembered by everyone.

15. Among the houses built on this street there were several multi-story ones.

16. The football player who played in attack and who scored two goals was a student of a famous coach.

17. One of independent species art, existing since the end of the 15th century, is graphics.

18. One of the main features that characterize Natasha Rostova is honesty in relationships with people.

19. A good speaker, having carefully prepared for the speech, has a figurative, emotional and at the same time logical speech.

20. The city has created a special commission for urban planning, coordinating the work of all construction companies.

21. In autumn, ears of wheat wait for that hour, heavy with ripened grains, when combine harvesters appear in the field.

22. The Order of St. Andrew the First-Called was established by Peter I in 1698, issued only in rare, exceptional cases.

23. F.I. Tyutchev wrote his first poem at the age of eleven, becoming the largest representative of Russian philosophical lyrics.

24. The main source of energy for every living creature inhabiting our planet is the energy of the sun.

25. Nowadays, the volume of information transmitted over global trunk communication lines is constantly growing.

26. All the students who came to the elective lesson understood the complex topic.

27. Forest glades were covered with bright strawberry stars blooming profusely this year.

28. Among those built on this street there were several multi-storey buildings.