Participants of the Unified State Exam 2018 are interested in information from the FIPI official website about what changes will be made to the KIM in compulsory subjects.

Changes in the exam 2018 - help from FIPI

Changes in the KIM USE 2018 in the Russian language.

1) The examination paper includes a basic level task (No. 20), which tests the knowledge of the lexical norms of the modern Russian literary language. This assignment will identify knowledge gaps among graduates.

2) The number of tasks has increased from 25 to 26.

3) The maximum primary score for completing all the work due to the appearance of a new task has been increased from 57 to 58.

The expediency of including a new task in the examination work is due to the results of the unified state exam: the results of mastering lexical norms are generally satisfactory, but not high. Teachers are well aware that students often find it difficult to interpret the lexical meaning of a word, school graduates mix up foreign-language names, and the inability of students to accurately express their thoughts makes the formulations inaccurate and vague.

Task 20 in the 2018 examination materials checks the formation of stylistic editing skills (inappropriate use of words, forms or structures) in coherent texts (sentences). It should be noted that a huge amount of material for creating an assignment is contained in the essays of the exam participants.

As a basis for the linguistic material of task 20, the main types of speech errors will be taken (Table 4), presented in the teaching materials for the chairmen and members of regional subject commissions for checking the fulfillment of tasks with a detailed answer of the examinations of the USE in 2017.

All changes in the KIM USE 2018 are not of a fundamental nature. For most subjects, the wording of the tasks is being clarified and the system of assessing the tasks is being improved to increase the differentiating ability of the examination work.

Series “Unified State Exam. FIPI - school ”prepared by the developers of control measuring materials (CMM) of the unified state examination.
The collection contains:
36 standard examination options, drawn up in accordance with the draft demo version of the KIM USE in the Russian language in 2018;
instructions for performing examination work;
answers to all tasks;
evaluation criteria.
Completing tasks of typical examination options provides students with the opportunity to independently prepare for the state final certification in the form of the USE, as well as objectively assess the level of their preparation for the exam.
Teachers can use standard examination options to organize monitoring of the results of mastering by schoolchildren of educational programs of secondary general education and intensive preparation of students for the Unified State Exam.

Examples.
Arrange punctuation marks. Indicate two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The sparkling waves laughed mysteriously and ran ashore and crashed loudly against the stones.
2) Be quiet, hide and secret and your feelings and dreams.
3) The whirlwind raged for about an hour or an hour and a half and then suddenly died down.
4) Children's memory turned out to be tenacious and the first meeting with the theater remained in her forever.
5) In his work, M. Voloshin tried not only to comprehend the past of Russia, but also to predict its future.

Which of the following statements are true? Enter the answer numbers.
1) Sentence 2 is opposed in content to Sentence 3.
2) Sentences 10-11 contain a narrative.
3) Sentence 20 explains, discloses the content of sentence 19.
4) Sentences 21-23 provide a description.
5) Proposals 24-27 provide reasoning.

Free download an e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Unified State Exam 2018, Russian language, Typical examination options, 36 options, Tsybulko I.P. - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

• I will pass the exam, Russian language, Tasks 21-26, Text analysis, Essay according to the read text, Tsybulko I.P., Vasiliev I.P., Aleksandrov V.N., Doschinsky R.A., Dyakina G.R., 2018
• I will pass the exam, Russian language, Tasks 4-20, Norms of modern Russian literary language, Tsybulko I.P., Vasiliev I.P., Aleksandrov V.N., Doschinsky R.A., Dyakina G.R., 2018
• I will pass the exam, Russian language, Tasks 1-3, Text analysis, Tsybulko I.P., Vasilievykh I.P., Aleksandrov V.N., Doschinsky R.A., Dyakina G.R., 2018
• Unified State Exam, Russian language, Modular course, Workshop and diagnostics, Study guide, Tsybulko I.P., Aleksandrov V.N., Vasilyevich I.P., 2017

The following tutorials and books:

• USE 2018, Thematic simulator, Russian language, Tasks of part 1, Egoraeva G.T., Nazarova T.N., Politova I.N., Skripka E.N.

Answers and solution - Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2018 RUSSIAN LANGUAGE project

1.In answer options 1, 4, 5 and 6, a person, his activities and signs are mentioned to one degree or another, but the text does not say about the above; variants 2 and 3 accurately convey the idea of ​​the text.

2. the second part of the sentence explains the first, therefore the most appropriate option is “though”; the rest of the words, on the contrary, oppose one part of the sentence to another.

3. in the text, the word "representative" does not mean a person, but a living individual, therefore, all options except the second are not suitable

4. all options, except for "took" are phonetically correct, from which we can conclude that this is the correct option

5. In the second sentence, the word “intolerant” is used incorrectly, because it means “1. One that cannot be put up with, unacceptable. 2. Disregarding the opinion of others, devoid of tolerance. " In this case, it is more appropriate to use a paronym for this word: "unbearable"

6. side - zh.r, therefore, in the plural, the correct use is not "wallpaper", but "both"

7. 1, 3, 6 and 7 sentences are grammatically correct; in the second sentence, an error was made in the construction of the participial turnover (no punctuation marks, the wrong word order), in 4 - the inconsistency of the tenses of the verbs (when ... will arrive (bud.vr), ... acquired (pr.vr); in 5 - not a separate application; in 8 - the incorrect use of the case form of the noun in the preposition ("across the horses" instead of "across the horses"), and in 9 - the incorrect use of the adverbial turnover.

8.1 and 5 options - dictionary words, 2 and 3 - contain a verifiable vowel at the root (mountainous - mountain, humble - peace), and the fourth option contains a root with an alternating vowel (rast - rose)

9.The following are the correct spellings for the words:

soulless, frighten (depends on the sonority of the subsequent consonant)
rise, announcement (the prefix ends with a consonant, and the root begins with "e" and "i")
warmed up, abandoned (the prefixes "both" and "zo" do not exist)
picked up, sent (the prefixes "pod" and "but" also do not exist)
break off, upstairs

10.in this case, in all the above words, E is written at the place of the gap, with the exception of the word UNSHALED, where the suffix is ​​-CHIV-

11.the verb Struggle is an exception and refers to the second conjugation, therefore, E is written in the place of the gap

12. INCIDENTAL is written in one piece, because the sentence does not contain opposition with the union A and you can choose a synonym (vague)
NOT with gerunds and verbs is written separately (NOT SUCCESSFUL, NOT REALIZING, NOT HEARING)

13.in this case, BY THIS is written separately, because it does not act as a union (you can ask the question: BY WHAT details could Leo Tolstoy's relatives guess how hard his brain is working?), HOW MUCH is written together
CONSEQUENCE is written in one piece, because in this case it is an adverb (= then, later), ALSO written together, because it is a union (= and)
BUT is written separately with the particle W, and THAT is written together (adverb), DEFINITELY - separately, because it answers the question "which one?"
FROM THAT is written separately, because it answers the question "from what?"

14. MANIFESTED is written with one H, because it is a short participle; in the word PROPER is written -НН-, because it is an adjective formed from a noun, with the suffix ENN; the word SLEEK is spelled with -НН-, because it has the suffix -AIL

15.there is no need for a comma in the first sentence
the second sentence requires ONE comma to separate homogeneous terms
the third sentence also does not need a comma
the fourth sentence requires a comma to separate homogeneous members with double conjunctions
in the fifth sentence TWO commas are needed to separate three homogeneous members.

16. at the place of the first space, the comma is not needed, while in the second case it separates the adverbial turnover; commas on 3 and 4 spaces separate the participle

17. commas should be on spaces 2 and 3, separating the references.

18. The subordinate attributive stands inside the main one, its boundaries are indicated by commas 1 and 3.

19. The comma must be in place 1, because in this case it separates two simple sentences, the comma in the second and third places denotes the boundaries of the subordinate clause, the comma in place 4 also separates one simple sentence from another.

20.in this case, the word MAIN is superfluous, because the word ESSENCE does not need more lexical coloring

21.1 and 5 sentences correspond to the content of the text ( Liza said, smiling happily: - Here is my fiancé, mommy. Anna Sergeevna exclaimed in horror: - Liza, what are you talking about! - proves the correctness of the first option; - Paul, these days I fell in love with you. I will follow you. I will be accepted as a sisters of mercy. We'll get married as soon as possible. - proves the correctness of the fifth option )

22. sentences 32-34 contain not reasoning, but a description of Paul's gait and mood; in sentences 51-53, the hero's reasoning about preventing the enemy from returning to his homeland is present

23. The word SARDONICALLY fits the description of "maliciously mocking, sarcastic."

24. Sentence 69 contains the collective numeral BOTH, which is related to the previous sentence (= She and Paul Sepp)

25. sentences 1, 2, 26, 28, 38 - one-piece indefinite personal sentences ( They only talked about the war ... We got to the fishing line outside the village)
sentence 9 contains a metaphor ( beat rhythmically ... sounds)
in the above passages ("clear, childishly clean eyes" in sentence 16, "gentle, compassionate tenderness" in sentence 18, "happy, radiant faces" in sentence 69) contains an epithet, that is, a definition used for greater emotional coloring
trope used in passages “like a knight to his lady” in sentence 63, “like a knight of Parsifal” in sentence 72 - comparison

57 interactive exercises

skill automation

400 rubles

Remember!

Write with two NN:

Glass nn oh, tin nn oh, tree nn th, nameless nn oh, wishing nn oh, holy nn oh, slow nn oh, nevida nn oh, unheard nn oh, nezda nn oh, not guess nn oh, inadvertently nn oh, despair nn oh, okay nn wow nn oh, check nn oh, press nn oh, home-grown nn oh yes nn oh, reshё nn oh, buy nn oh, kazyo nn oh, captivated nn oh, brochet nn oh, leech nn oh, lower nn oh, embarrassed nn th, execution nn oh, come on nn oh business, victory nn th, birth nn oh, spiked, nauseous nn oh, more nn oh, okay nn th.

First, try to complete the tasks of 2018 on your own.

Unified State Exam-2018 in Russian. Early option. Answers and explanations

1

(1) Astronomy, like all other sciences, arose from the practical needs of man. (2) With the development of society, more and more new problems were put forward before astronomy, for the solution of which more advanced methods of observation and more accurate methods of calculations were needed. (3)<…>Gradually, the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The practical needs of man led to the emergence of astronomy, which developed independently of the development of human society.
2) The emergence and development of astronomy closely related to practicalhuman needs requiring more perfect waysobservations and calculation methods, in connection with which began to be createdthe simplest astronomical instruments and to be developed moreperfect mathematical methods for processing observations.
3) With the development of human society, problems were put forward before astronomy, for the solution of which more advanced methods of observation and more accurate methods of calculations were needed.
4) The origin and development of astronomy is explained human needs demanding more advanced methods of observation and methodscalculations for which astronomical instruments began to be created and
develop mathematical methods for processing observations.
5) The creation of the simplest astronomical instruments and the improvement of mathematical methods for processing observations led to the development of astronomy.

Recommended first, do not read the text, but find two identical statements... For this, keywords should be underlined. This is often not easy to do. But in this task, FIPI decided to play giveaway. Options 2 and 4 are almost identical. Find, as they say, 10 differences. The text, of course, should still be read in order to check the answer and move on to task 2.

Answer: 24

2

Which of the following words (combination of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

After all
therefore
Although
In spite of this,
but

If Russian is not your native language and you do not catch the shades of the meanings of the service parts of speech, the hint is easy to find in the previous task. In our correct option 2, there are the words "in connection with what", replacing the word "therefore" within the meaning.

Answer: therefore

3

Read the fragment of the dictionary entry that describes the meanings of the word SOCIETY. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SOCIETY, -a, cf.
1) In a noble environment: narrow cruG chosen of people... Accepted in society. To be in society.
2) Voluntary, permanent bringing people together to achieve any goal. O book lovers. All-Russian about. nature protection. Sports societies.
3) One or the other Wednesday of people, company . Get into a bad about. The soul of society.
4) A collection of people, united by historically conditioned social forms of joint life and activity... Feudal Fr. Capitalist Fr.
5) something. Joint stay with someone Shun someone else's. society. In the company of old friends.

Polysemous words in each specific text are used only in one of their meanings (if this is not a deliberate play on words). What is the meaning of the word "society" implemented in the sentence " With developmentsocieties more and more new tasks were put forward before astronomy "? We underline the key words in each interpretation (bold in bold). The fifth point disappears immediately. We are talking about the development of society, and living together cannot develop in any way. The first four meanings can be attributed to one general category - bringing people together. Let's see how each union is characterized (highlighted in green). Since the whole science has managed to change, the speech in the text is about a long time and historical processes. A narrow circle of a select few, a voluntary association and a company would not have lasted that long. Option 4 remains.

Answer: 4

4.

In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting a stressed vowel sound is WRONGLY highlighted. Write this word down.

Mosaic
will facilitate
convocation
locked
funds

It is unlikely that anyone else has memorized how to pronounce the last three words. They are somehow well known. On the exam, you would most likely have to choose between the first two words. Indeed, many around them say "lightweight".
Perhaps someone will remember the memory rhyme: "We need to heal the wounds in order to ease suffering", and someone will remember that the verbs that come across in this task often have stress on the last syllable.

If question 4 causes you difficulty, buy ours, and you will be happy. In an hour, you will memorize all the correct accents.

Answer: mosaic.

5.

One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word WRONG. Correct the lexical error by matching the selected word with a paronym. Write down the chosen word.

When the young specialist was PROVIDED to speak, there was silence in the hall.
The forward scored two goals and made one efficient PASS.
The goal of the program is to expand the opportunities for talented students for professional growth, inventive activity.
During heavy rain, the barrels in the garden OVERFILL with water.
The wonderful role of the GREAT actor brought him national love and fame.

This task turned out to be easy. A person can be inventive, not an activity. To understand this, you need to know the meanings of the paronyms:

Inventive- resourceful, quick-witted, capable of inventing: an inventive hostess, an inventive craftsman, an inventive child.
Inventive- relating to the invention, to the inventor: invention bureau, law, creativity, competition.

Answer: inventive

6

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

Get well soon
Baked pie
WALL-OFF tables
Foliage crumbling
famous DESIGNERS

Tables - m., So the form "both" just fits. For "beds" or "nightstands" would fit "both".
Constructors or constructors? We check the table in the reference book. In general, few people say "constructor", it's hard to make a mistake. Here with doctors, professors and paramedics you can get into a mess. Learn the material!
"The fastest" and "sways" in general is beyond doubt. So we say.
When conjugating the verb, BAKE the correct forms - BAKE, but: BAKE, BAKE, BAKE, BAKE.

To prepare for this task, you may find our Word Forms reference book useful (it's free).
We have a recording of the webinar "Task 6 in the Unified State Exam" on our website. Buy and watch the recording.

Answer: bake

7

Grammatical errors A) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover D) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover E) violation of the species-temporal correlation of verb forms

Offers 1) Only after arriving at the unit, we received permission to move in. 2) The article talks about ancient culture, as well as contemporary art. 3) Russian teachers spend annually professional competitions, during which shared with each other by the accumulated experience. 4) There were not so many who did not visit the art gallery. 5) The buds of carnations swayed on thin legs, having not yet fully dissolved I am. 6) Thanks to used and I innovative technologies have significantly improved the quality of products. 7) The confidence that any newborn is sure to speak some language has given rise to a whole chain of experiments. 8) Young performer Not only loved classical music, but also jazz. 9) Changing the title of the song, was prepared new poster.

We recommend solving this problem like Sudoku, gradually eliminating simple and accurate answers.

We look at the right column and choose what is easiest to find. Under A - an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members. Under this formulation, a dozen types of errors associated with homogeneous members are thwarted. Never start from that point.

We think it's easier to start with B - the wrong use of the case form of a noun with a preposition. Usually, the correct answer is given by prepositions due to, according to, in spite of, in spite of, requiring the dative case. Less common are other derivative prepositions - upon arrival, upon departure. And we just have " Thanks to used and I" In d.p. it would be useable. So we found the error. Do not forget to cross out B and 6 so that these texts do not bother you anymore.

Now let's look for participial and participial phrases. It's easy too.
We have only one participial phrase - in sentence 5. We read, we see that it is written quite crookedly. The inconsistency of words is striking.

Let us recall the questions of the participle: what to do? what having done? There are two adverbial turns. Choose from sentences 1 and 9. We emphasize the momentum, we emphasize the basics. Make sure the sentences are not impersonal. If you see the impersonal, there is definitely a mistake. Adverbial phrases cannot be used in impersonal sentences. Now we look for the action described in the adverbial turnover to be done by the one named in the subject. We could arrive at the unit, but the poster could not change the name.

Violation of the species-temporal correlation of verb forms is also quite easy to find. We underline the verbs in the remaining sentences and look at their forms. We are looking for a temporary or species inconsistency. ...
We find a discrepancy: spend - n.v., shared - p.v.

And now we have the most difficult task, but now there are half the proposals. Remaining 1, 2, 4, 7, 8.
In 1, 4 and 7 there are no homogeneous members at all. Remaining 2 and 8.
In the second sentence, you should immediately be alerted by the "and". Sometimes you come across sentences with a non-existent union "not only, ... but also." But there is no "not only". This is the correct option.
Let's look at the homogeneous members of the 8th sentence. Fathers! It's a predicate and an addition! They cannot be homogeneous!

Answer:

BUT	B	IN	G	D
8	6	9	5	3

Identify the word missing the unstressed verifiable vowel of the root. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.

Ab..nement
pr..stizh
ecology
et..label
p..rket

The check word matches only one: ecology - ecologist.

Answer: ecology

Identify a row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words by inserting the missing letter.

Ra ... put, and ... work
uninterrupted, pr ... fight
not ... visual, go ... go
ra .. count, and .. give
oh ... pulled, on ... bit

Placed, calculate - C in front of the deaf,
andProduct, andGet - Z in front of the bells,
The OT and NAD prefixes do not change.
CONTINUOUS - the value of the prefix PRE - an interrupt close to PER.
breakdown - value of the prefix PRI - approximation.
the prefixes HA and ZA do not change and are always written this way.

Answer: beloved

Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the pass.

Endured
messy ... out
I mean
thrown
cutting ...

This and the 11th task is best done by speaking the words. If you are a native speaker, you will most likely hear the correct version. Well, you can hear: meant... Of course, you can learn that the CHIV and LIV suffixes are written with AND and repeat all the rules about verb suffixes.

Answer: I did.

Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass.

You got stuck ... you
missed
unacceptable (conditions)
disappear ... you
very ... my

It's a little more complicated by ear here. "Missing" and "disappear" are audible clearly, the rest can be pronounced differently. So let's explain each letter.

You will grow stiff - excl. shave, lay, stand - 1 dpr, in personal end E.
missed - p.
disappear - what will you do? what to do - disappeared duck... 1 ref, in personal ending E.
unacceptable, tormented - the suffixes of verbal adjectives and participles EM / IM are checked by conjugation. Torment - 2 sp.

Answer: tormented.

Define a sentence in which NOT with the highlighted word is written LITTLE. Expand the parentheses and write this word out.

The vines of willows and the leaves of the oak shine like lips (NOT) WASTE by hand.
We remained in (NOT) DOUBT when the strange guest suddenly left.
(NOT) CONSCIOUS of their destiny, the heroes of the plays by A.P. Chekhov's life is often pointless.
The potatoes in the gardens are still (NOT) DIGGED.
Small tragedies of an individual remain (NOT) NOTED by anyone.

When completing task 12, first of all, always check each word to see if it is used without a NOT. There is no word for understanding. The answer lay on the surface.
To be sure, check the rest of the words:
not wiped by the hand, not noticed by anyone - participles with dependent words,
without realizing - not with a gerunds,
not dug up - not with a short participle.

Answer: bewildered

Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled LITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.

1. (BEFORE) THEN he turned the ruler of the compass (B) in the direction in which the boy disappeared.

2. THE SAME expression of readiness for decisive action appeared on Artyom's face, as when we first met, (FOR) WHAT even his eyes expressed the same confidence.

3. I (THAT) HOUR went to the Tatarinovs in such a way that I (WOULD) not find Nikolai Antonovich.

4. (B) FOR some time, Vera has received ardent and passionate love letters from an unknown person, but (STILL) does not attach importance to them.

5. Onegin, just like the hero of B. Konstan, is smart, but emphatically indifferent to the people around him and (WITH) THAT does not see anything in life worthy of his spiritual efforts.

Be sure to separate the sentences with parentheses before doing this task. Make sure there are five of them.

We offer an algorithm:

1. First, find the words that are exactly hyphenated: something, something, something, something, after all, double adverbs (it's easier). But there are none.
2. Look for words that are definitely being spelled separately. Prepositions with nouns and pronouns, words just, all the same, as it were, or something. Sentence 1 can be deleted. "In that" will never be one. A preposition with a pronoun.
3. Find the words "During (s)" and "in continuation (s)". They are often given and are always written separately, regardless of their meaning. There is such a thing. Sentence 4 can be deleted.
4. See if there are words WHAT (WOULD), THAT (SAME) and SO (SAME). With them, too, everything is simple. See if you can remove the particle. Sentences 2 and 5 are dropped.

That's it, there is only one option left. But let's check just in case: "immediately" is spelled together, with "so" it is impossible to remove or rearrange "would".

Answer: immediately

Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.

At the celebration of the (1) th ceremony of presenting the state (2) awards, she delivered (3) in the flame (4) speech, which made a strong impression on the workers gathered in the hall (5) of the rear.

There are no special tricks here. We just explain each word according to the rules.
solemn, state, fiery - suffix. ENN in defunct adjectives,
pronounced - a short participle with H,
a swindler stole one N. from a worker.

If you cannot overcome N and NN in any way, go through our simulator

Answer: 35

Arrange punctuation marks. Indicate two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) A penetrating love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons to itself gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of loss and anxiety for the future.
2) The language itself contains images and rhythm and rhymes and alliteration.
3) The language is diverse and polyphonic and multi-toned.
4) Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered in his head.
5) The air is light and clean and the river is frozen.

1) A penetrating love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons to itself, gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of loss and anxiety for the future. Homogeneous predicates.
2) The language itself contains images, rhythm, rhymes, and alliteration. Recurring union.
3) The language is diverse, and polyphonic, and multi-tone. Repeating unions again.
4) Not thoughts, not memories, or dreams wandered in his head. Three homogeneous members with a double union.
5) The air is light and clean, and the river is frozen. SSP.

Answer: 15 (what a symmetry: task 15 and answer 15!)

After completing the first stage of preparation (1), you can add (2) finely chopped truffles (3) or (4) pre-cooked mushrooms to the dish.

We select the adverbial turnover.
Participle phrases before the defined words. The words being defined are not personal pronouns. Turnovers do not have additional values. There is no reason to isolate these turns.

Answer: 1

Arrange any missing punctuation marks: write the number (s) followed by the comma (s).

I love (1) you (2) my damask (3) dagger (4)
The comrade is light and cold.
A pensive Georgian forged you for revenge,
A free Circassian sharpened for a formidable battle.<...>
You were given to me as a companion (5) love pledge (6) dumb (7)
And the wanderer in you is not a useless example:
Yes, I will not change and I will be firm in my soul
How are you, how are you (8) my friend (9) iron.

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

If you read the poem carefully to the end, highlight the references easily. Those who caught the words with their eyes and did not finish reading the lines made a mistake in this task.
Of course, you also need to think about the meaning of the last lines. If you put the ninth comma, it turns out that the lyrical hero wants to become iron in the literal sense.

Answer: 24578

Arrange punctuation marks: indicate the number (s), in the place of which (s) in the sentence should be (s) a comma (s).

Since then, every time (1) when we come across a composer (2) without laughing, he cannot recall this incident (3) which we have become involuntary witnesses (4).

It should be noted that this task is a little more difficult than those practically identical eighteenth tasks that we find in CMMs. You need to emphasize the basics and draw a diagram. Commas and part! Well, and remember that in this task there is always the pronoun "which" is located deep inside the clause.

[Since then, every time (when we come across a composer somewhere), he cannot remember this incident without laughing], (which we have become involuntary witnesses).

Answer: 123

Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in the sentence must be commas.

I really wanted to see my former classmates (1) and (2) when our meeting took place (3) I asked them (4) if they miss school.

Here we have a junction of the compositional and subordinate unions. The hardest part is deciding whether to use the second comma. To check this, we mentally take out the subordinate clause and see if the sentence is read normally without it.

I really wanted to see my former classmates, and I asked them ...

It reads well, so the second comma is needed.
The comma would not be used if it was something like this:
I really wanted to see my former classmates, and then I asked them ...

The second difficulty: the subordinate clause with the LI union. Well, not everyone recognizes him, it is rare. Learn materiel.

[I really wanted to see my former classmates], and, (when our meeting took place), [I asked them], (do they miss school).

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Athletes have to train intensively for more than one year to win a world record.

As we expected, the same problems arose with this task as with task 6 in the OGE. This is all due to the fact that there are many synonyms in the Russian language and the text can be corrected in different ways. It is clear that they are not winning records, they are winning medals. Words are suitable for replacement beat, set, set (?). We can only hope that the answers of the FIPI will take into account all possible options.

Answer: beaten, installed. Perhaps they did.

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Enter the answer numbers.

We look for and underline such words or synonyms in the text.

1) After a shell burst, the wounded captain Sumskov continued to maintain the morale of the Red Army.

(44) Having overtaken at the verythe ravine of the fleeing Germans, Zvyagintsev and the others began to work with bayonets,far behind the Red Army men rushing forward, heavily falling onwounded leg, Sergeant Lyubchenko was walking, holding a banner in one hand, the otherpressing the machine gun set forward to the side;crawled out of the broken
a shell of a trench wounded captain Sumskov ... (45) Leaning on my left hand the captain crawled down from the height, following his men. (46) Not Bloodwas in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and,throwing your head back,shouted in a childishly thin, breaking voice:
- Eagles! (47) My dear ones, go ahead! .. (48) Give them life!

Right!

2) The heavy battle of the Red Army lasted for several minutes, but the enemy's losses were great.

(35) Him the fight seemed to go onseveral minutes, but in fact more than half an hour has passed since the start of the attack,
the sun was noticeably bent to the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil pungency.

No.

3) Nikolai Streltsov served in an infantry regiment during the Great Patriotic War.

(7)Infantry regiment came out of the farm. (8) Zvyagintsev pushed Nicholas elbow and, brightly shining his eyes, said:
- To go into battle with a banner is appropriate, and to retreat with it - just God forbid! (9) How do you suppose we will resist?
(10)Nikolay nodded emphatically.

Right!

4) In the harsh wartime, Nikolai Streltsov involuntarily remembered his son.

(13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar!(14) The same like the elderlittle sons, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair ... (15) There was an imperceptible resemblance in the features of the face, and in the whole small tightly knit figure. (sixteen) Somewhere he is now, his small, infinitely dearNikolenka Streltsov?(17) I wanted it again look at the boy sostrikingly like a son, but Nikolai restrained himself: not needed before the fighthis memories from which the heart softens.

Right!

5) Tank units came to the aid of the Red Army men who were defending the height.

There were tanks, but German ones.

Answer: 134

Which of the following statements are true? Specify numbers
answers.

5) Proposals 37, 38 present the reasoning

1) Proposition 10 answers the question in proposal 4.

Some were caught here. If you don't read it, everything looks exactly like this: there is a question, there is an answer to it. It is necessary to read and see that the hero is already answering another question.

2) Proposals 12, 14 contain a description.

There is such a thing.

(12) Near the windmillbarefoot white-headed boyabout seven , Red Army men.
(14) Same as the eldersons,wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair …

3) Sentences 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.

No. Not near. There is no opposition here.

(16) Somewhere he is now, his little, infinitely dearto him memories from which the heart softens.

4) Sentences 27–31 are narrative.

Definitely. The physical actions of objects are listed. You can submit a video.

(27) First the tank stopped, before reaching a group of thorn bushes, the second broke out, turned was back and became, stretching out to the sky a tar-black, slightly wavering smoky torch.
(31) Finally she got up, short dashes went to get closer, but at this time tanks cool
turned around, moved back, leaving on the slope six dying and damaged cars.

5) Proposals 37, 38 present the reasoning.

No, there is not a single thought in anyone's head. Description with narrative elements.

(37) The heavy smell of burning iron and gasoline, mixed with the bitter, ash-like spirit of burnt grass, hit his nostrils. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burnt out, small tongues of flame, almost invisible in the daylight, darted along the tops of the feather grass, the charred, dark skeletons of stationary tanks were smoking on the slope.

Answer: 24

Write out one phraseological unit from sentences 34–35.

That was a rather difficult task. Look at the passage. Phraseologism is not striking:

(34) Nikolay loaded empty disks, drank a little disgustingly warmwater from a flask, looked at his watch. (35) It seemed to him that the battle lastedseveral minutes, but in fact more than half an hour has passed since the start of the attack,
the sun was noticeably bent to the west, and its rays had already begun to loserecent evil pungency.

The fact is that they are so "overwritten" in our speech due to their frequent use that it is sometimes difficult to find them in the text. Here is a list of some common phraseological units that have been encountered in the USE tests over the past years.

List of common phraseological units

 Quite often - everywhere, often; As if nothing had happened - without being embarrassed; It became uncomfortable - anxious, bad; With a clear conscience - without guilt; Keeping pace with the times - in accordance with the spirit of the era; Every now and then - often; Spoil the blood - make you worry; Heart trembled - it became a pity; Striking - becomes noticeable; Once and for all - once; Summer and winter - always; Take over - win, overtake; Wave your hand - stop hoping for someone else's changes, to influence someone; Keep in mind - keep in sight; There is a speech - they say; Heart sank - about fear; Actually - gain; At full speed - briskly, quickly; But you never know - approval, strengthening; From day to day - always; Not the last word belongs - strengthening due to a positive assessment of someone; In full spirit - fast; What is urine - energized, powerful; How to drink to give, by all means - necessarily, exactly; Occasionally - sometimes; Out of nowhere - suddenly; Out of the blue - suddenly; Quite often - all over the place.

Download a more complete list of "erased" phraseological units

Answer: on the same

24

Among sentences 12–17, find the one (s) that is (s) related to the previous one using a conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number (s) of this offer (s).

(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven,who grazed geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly movingruddy lips, admiringly examining the passingRed Army men. (13) BUT Nikolay looked intently at him and in amazementopened his eyes wide: how similar! (14) Same as the elderlittle sons, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair ...(15) There was an imperceptible resemblance both in facial features and in the whole small tightto the knocked-down figure. (16) Somewhere he now, his little, infinitely dearNikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to take another look at the boy, sostrikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the fighthim memories that soften the heart.

Let's select all personal pronouns and look for conjunctions nearby. One could take the word "somewhere" for an alliance and make a mistake. Remember: there are no hyphenated conjunctions.

Answer: 13

25

“M.A. Sholokhov paid special attention to ordinary soldiers overcoming all the incredible difficulties and hardships of the war. The text often uses syntactic expressiveness: (A) ________ (sentences 6 ‚11‚ 13) and (B) _______ (sentences 9 ‚16). A special role in the text belongs to the depiction of the realities of war. And here they play an important role trails: (C) _______ (“evil pungency” in sentence 35) and (D) ________ (“flaming ... flames” in sentence 38) ”.

List of terms:
1) dialogue
2) epithet
3) metaphor
4) hyperbole
5) parceling
6) anaphora

8) comparison

First of all, let's see what tips the authors of the test gave us. We need to find 2 syntactic means of expression and two tropes.

So. What syntax do we have on the list?

5) parceling
6) anaphora
7) exclamation sentences
9) interrogative sentences

What trails?

2) epithet
3) metaphor
4) hyperbole
8) comparison

If you don't know how to use the hints, download the table. Download Term Correspondence Table

The terms under the letters A and B are easy to define. We look at sentences 6, 11, 13. They are all exclamation points. Answer 7. 6 and 11 are interrogative. You don't even need to think. Kindergarten level.

Let's deal with the trails. There is definitely no exaggeration (hyperbole) in the proposed phrases. Comparison is a little more complicated. A metaphor is also a comparison, only a hidden one. Anyone who worked little with expressive means could freeze. In comparison, it is always written what is being compared and with what. Here flashes of fire are compared to tongues. But only "tongues" are written, only what is being compared with. Let's look at the formal signs of comparison. There are no words like, like, like, exactly, like, what. There is no instrumental case. There is definitely no comparison.
This means that the correct answers are an epithet and a metaphor. B is an epithet (there is no transfer of meaning), G is a metaphor (there is a transfer of meaning).

Answer: 7923

The writing

Approximate range of problems
1. The problem of the heroism of Russian soldiers during the Great Patriotic War (at what cost was the victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War achieved?)	1. Victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War was achieved at the cost of mass heroism of Soviet soldiers.
2. The problem of preserving humanity, the memory of home, family, children in the heart of a warrior (What allowed a warrior to withstand an inhuman war?)	2. The memory of his children, his family, his native home, which the soldier stood up to defend, gave him the opportunity to remain human and withstand difficult military trials.
3. The problem of maintaining a sense of duty and responsibility to the Motherland.	3. If a soldier is tuned into battle, he must drown out the spectrum of sentimental properties in himself, so as not to lose vigilance and fighting spirit.

To the first problem

If you write about heroism, omit the episode with the boy, focus on the description of the battle, on the wounded commander, etc. It must be shown that the victory was achieved at a high price and thanks to the perseverance of the people.

There are a lot of arguments. Take any books from the Soviet period about the war.

P.S. For yourself, you must understand that in fact there is no problem here. Heroism is a topic, but FIPI in such cases wants to be called a problem.

To the second problem.

The author is sure that the state of mind of a soldier depends on his memories. In this passage we see the image of a boy who reminded Streltsov of his son. Memories of home swept over him. The idea of ​​home, family, love for children became the soldier's spiritual supports.

The arguments can be taken from "War and Peace" (Nikolai Rostov), ​​"The Dawns Here Are Quiet ..." (girls' memories), from the Tales of Lev Kassil (for example, "The Story of the Absent").

Sholokhov's many works about the war emphasize the preservation of the human in man ("Birthmark", "Foal", "Shibalkov's Seed", "The Fate of Man"). He contrasted the literature of the lost generation with works that affirmed faith in a person who retains a moral core in war. And the idea of ​​home, family, love for children became the spiritual supports of the soldier. All of the above stories have it. And "They defended the Motherland" is no exception.

To the third problem.

In the war, their own laws, and memories of home, family, and children distracted soldiers from the idea that a sense of duty and responsibility to the Motherland was above all. The episode of the meeting with the boy is both a test for the ability to pull yourself together when you are responsible to the Motherland, and at the same time motivation: for whom do you bear this responsibility. (For commentary we refer to proposals # 5 and # 18-19).

Why did the boy wave his hand? He believes in the Protector Soldier; that one for him is an example to follow. Therefore, Streltsov must match this image.

P.S. 2 Pay attention : the second and third positions contradict each other. But you can prove both.

Problems were highlighted by the authors and users of "I Can Write" in a small brainstorming session. Thanks for the ideas to Dmitry Vasiliev, Irina Ivleva, Marina Balyunova.

If you have trouble isolating problems (sorry for the tautology), listen to the recordings of the "Composition in the Unified State Exam" webinars with Yulia Krasovskikh.
If you do not know how to select your arguments, you are welcome to the course of Svetlana Guzaevskaya "Argumentation in the composition of the Unified State Exam".
By the way, the authors of these courses check the work of those who bought the recordings of the webinars. You will receive the review in a personal VK and will be able to ask questions about your composition.

Secondary general education

Russian language

Analysis of the early version of the exam-2018 in the Russian language

We present to your attention an early version of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, offered to graduates at the exam at the end of March. For you, we have prepared an analysis of the FIPI assignments that were on the early USE in Russian, with answers, as well as a selection of previously published materials to help philologists prepare for exams and a number of manuals that will help you successfully pass the USE in Russian.

Part 1

Read the text and complete assignments 1-3.

(1) Astronomy, like all other sciences, arose from the practical needs of man. (2) With the development of society, more and more new problems were put forward before astronomy, for the solution of which more advanced methods of observation and more accurate methods of calculations were needed. (3)<...>Gradually, the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

1. Indicate two sentences in which the MAIN information contained in the text is correctly conveyed. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. The practical needs of man led to the emergence of astronomy, which developed independently of the development of human society.


2. The emergence and development of astronomy are closely related to the practical needs of man, requiring more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, in connection with which the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and more advanced mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.


3. With the development of human society, astronomy was faced with problems that needed more advanced observation methods and more accurate calculation methods.


4. The origin and development of astronomy is explained by the needs of man, which demanded more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, for which astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.


5. The creation of the simplest astronomical instruments and the improvement of mathematical methods for processing observations led to the development of astronomy.

Completing the assignment:
It is recommended that you find two identical statements before reading the text. To do this, you first need to highlight the keywords. In this task, options 2 and 4 are almost the same. But the text itself should still be read in order to check the answer and move on to task 2.

Answer: 2, 4

The manual is intended for graduates of educational institutions and applicants. It contains practical training materials that provide quality preparation for the unified state exam in Russian. The manual includes 40 options for examination papers, drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the exam. 1000 tasks of all types and difficulty levels are provided with answers for self-testing. The materials of the manual can be used by teachers of educational organizations to conduct lessons of repetition and control of knowledge, skills and abilities on all topics of the Russian language course included in the control measuring materials for the USE.

2. Which of the following words (combination of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

After all
therefore
Although
In spite of this,
but

Completing the assignment:
If it is difficult to grasp the shades of the meanings of the service parts of speech, then the hint can be found in the previous task. It is easy to guess that the combination of the words "in connection with what" replaces the meaning of the word "therefore".

Answer: therefore

3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meanings of the word SOCIETY. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SOCIETY, -a, cf.

1. In a noble environment: a narrow circle of selected people. Accepted in society. To be in society.


2. A voluntary, permanent association of people to achieve a goal. O book lovers. All-Russian about. nature protection. Sports societies.


3. This or that environment of people, company. Get into a bad about. The soul of society.


4. A set of people united by historically conditioned social forms of joint life and activity. Feudal Fr. Capitalist Fr.


5. someone what. Joint stay with someone. Shun someone else's. society. In the company of old friends.

Completing the assignment:
Words with ambiguous interpretation in each text are used, as a rule, only in one of their meanings (unless, of course, the author tried to create a play on words). In order to understand the meaning of the word "society" used in the sentence "With the development of society, more and more new tasks were put forward before astronomy", we will single out the key words in each of the five interpretations. The fifth point is definitely not suitable for us: we are talking about the development of society, and living together cannot develop. The first four values ​​can be grouped according to a common feature - uniting people. If the text speaks of a change in science, then it means a long period of time. A narrow circle of a select few (point 1), a voluntary association (point 2), and a company (point 3) could not last that long. As the only true one, there remains only option 4.

Answer: 4

4. In one of the words given below, a mistake was made in the stress setting: the letter denoting a stressed vowel sound is WRONGLY highlighted. Write this word down.

mosaic
will facilitate
convocation
locked
funds

Completing the assignment:
Most likely, on the exam you will have to choose from the words "mosaic" and "make it easier". It can be confusing that many say “lightweight”. In this case, when performing this task, it is appropriate to recall the rhyme: "We need to heal the wounds in order to ease the suffering",
And, of course, do not forget that the stress of verbs often falls on the last syllable.

Answer: mosaic

5. One of the sentences below uses the highlighted word WRONG. Correct the lexical error by matching the selected word with a paronym. Write down the chosen word.

When the young specialist was PROVIDED to speak, there was silence in the hall.
The forward scored two goals and made one efficient PASS.
The goal of the program is to expand the opportunities for talented students for professional growth, inventive activity.
During heavy rain, the barrels in the garden OVERFILL with water.
The wonderful role of the GREAT actor brought him national love and fame.

Completing the assignment:
The word "inventive" can only be used in relation to a person: an inventive student. Activity can be inventive.
Let us recall the meanings of these paronyms - words similar in sound and morphemic composition, but differing in lexical meaning:

Inventive- resourceful, quick-witted, capable of inventing: an inventive hostess, an inventive craftsman, an inventive child.
Inventive- related to invention, to the inventor: invention bureau, law, creativity, competition.

Answer: inventive

6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

Get well soon
Baked pie
WALL-OFF tables
Foliage crumbling
famous DESIGNERS

Completing the assignment:
The word "tables" is masculine, and the form "with both" is suitable for it. For "shelves" or "couches" the form "both" would fit, since these words are feminine.
It's hard to make a mistake in the word "constructor" - almost no one says that.
Spelling the words "speedy" and "wobble" doesn't seem difficult, because that's what we say. But in the word "bake" there is clearly a mistake.
Remember:
When conjugating the verb BAKE, one of the forms is correct: BAKE. At the same time: BAKE, BAKE, BAKE, BAKE.

Answer: bake

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are allowed: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Grammatical errors:

A) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

C) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover

D) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

E) violation of the species-temporal correlation of the verb forms of the Sentence

Offers:

1) Only after arriving at the unit, we received permission to move in.

2) The article talks about ancient culture, as well as contemporary art.

3) Russian teachers annually hold professional competitions, during which they shared their accumulated work experience with each other.

4) There were not so many who did not visit the art gallery.

5) The buds of carnations swayed on thin legs, which had not yet fully blossomed.

6) Thanks to the use of innovative technologies, the quality of products has significantly increased.

7) The confidence that any newborn is sure to speak some language has given rise to a whole chain of experiments.

8) The young performer not only loved classical music, but also jazz.

9) After changing the title of the play, a new poster was prepared.

Completing the assignment:
It is best to solve this task gradually: by eliminating simple and accurate answers.
Let's first figure out what is easiest to find.
Point A - an error in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members. This formulation is suitable for many variants of errors that are associated with homogeneous members. Therefore, it is not worth starting from this point.

It is best to start with point B - misuse of the case form of a noun with a preposition. Most often, the correct answer is given by prepositions thanks, according to, in spite of, in spite of, which require the dative case. More rare are other derivative prepositions: upon arrival, upon departure. And in paragraph 6 we see: "Through use." The Dative case must be "use".
B - 6

Then we will look for participles and participles. This is not difficult: there is only one participial phrase in this task - in paragraph 5. In the sentence under this paragraph, an obvious inconsistency of words is visible.
D - 5

Let's remember the questions of the participle: what to do? what having done? There are two adverbial turns. You need to choose from the proposals under paragraphs 1 and 9. Highlight the turnovers and basics. Now you need to make sure that these sentences are not impersonal. If there is an impersonal sentence, then it will definitely be a mistake, because adverbs are not used in such sentences. An important point to pay attention to: the action described in the adverbial turnover must be performed by the one named in the subject: We could arrive at the unit (point 1), but the poster could not change the name (point 9).
AT 9

It is also not difficult to detect a violation of the species-temporal correlation of verb forms. It is necessary to highlight the verbs in the remaining sentences and pay attention to their forms. Now we find a temporary or specific discrepancy: spend - present tense, shared - past tense.
D - 3

Items 1, 2, 4, 7, 8 remain.
There are no homogeneous terms in sentences 1, 4 and 7. Remaining 2 and 8.
In sentence 2, the "and" is alarming. There are proposals with a non-existent alliance "not only, ... but also." There is no "not only", which means that this is the correct option.
The predicate and the addition in the 8th sentence cannot be homogeneous in any way!
A - 8

Answer:
A - 8
B - 6
AT 9
D - 5
D - 3

This collection contains many exercises and dictations of varying difficulty that will help you prepare for exams in the Russian language. The assignments are prepared taking into account the curriculum of the entire school course. The manual will be useful not only for high school students and applicants, but also for teachers of the Russian language and teachers of preparatory courses at universities. Exercises form the basis of this manual. Theoretical information is presented as a grammatical commentary or material for reference. An important element is the generalizing text dictations placed at the end of each section. The manual is intended for high school students and applicants, teachers of the Russian language and teachers of preparatory courses for state universities. It will help not only repeat the school curriculum, but also effectively prepare for passing the OGE and USE, as well as for university entrance exams.

8. Determine the word in which the unstressed verifiable vowel of the root is missing. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.

ab..nement
pr..stizh
ecology
et..label
p..rket

Completing the assignment:
From the entire list of words, the test can only be matched to the word "ecology": ecologist.

Answer: ecology

9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words by inserting the missing letter.

pa ... put, and ... thing
uninterrupted, pr ... fight
not ... visual, go ... go
ra .. count, and .. give
oh ... pulled, on ... bit

Completing the assignment:
To solve this task, let's remember the spelling of the prefixes:

• positioned, calculated - C is written in front of the deaf;


• izdelya, izdat - З is written before the voiced ones;


• The OT- and NAD- prefixes do not change: pulled it back, took a bite;


• CONTINUOUS - the prefix PRESENT stands for "interrupt";


• breakdown - the prefix PRI- is used in the meaning of "approximation";


• the prefixes HA- and ZA- do not change.

Answer: darling, come in

10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the pass.

endured
messy ... out
I mean
thrown
cutting ...

Completing the assignment:
When completing this task and task number 11, you can pronounce the words, then, probably, you will hear what letter is written in the word: meant. But it is also necessary to remember that the suffixes -CHIV- and -LIV- are written with I. It is also recommended to repeat the spelling of the verb suffixes.

Answer: meant

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more than 150 exercises on the main topics of Russian spelling, syntax and punctuation
accessible form of presentation of the material in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard
tasks for complex text analysis in the GIA 9 and GIA 11 format
responses to monitor and close knowledge gaps

11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass.

covered ... you
missed
unacceptable (conditions)
disappear ... you
very ... my

"Missing" and "disappear" are heard very clearly, but other words can be pronounced differently. It is best to explain the spelling of a particular letter:

• You will grow stiff - an exception, 1 ref. (shave, lay, build), in the personal ending it is written E.


• Omitted is a passive participle, the infinitive Skip is not -at / -yat, so the suffix -EN (N) - is written.


• If you disappear - what will you do? what to do? - to disappear. 1 ref, in the personal ending it is written E.


• Unacceptable, tormented: the suffixes of verbal adjectives and participles -EM - / - IM- are checked by conjugation. Torment - 2 sp.

Answer: tormented

12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the highlighted word is written LITTLE. Expand the parentheses and write this word out.

The vines of willows and the leaves of the oak shine like lips (NOT) WASTE by hand.
We remained in (NOT) DOUBT when the strange guest suddenly left.
(NOT) CONSCIOUS of their destiny, the heroes of the plays by A.P. Chekhov's life is often pointless.
The potatoes in the gardens are still (NOT) DIGGED.
Small tragedies of an individual remain (NOT) NOTED by anyone.

Completing the assignment:
When performing this task, you need to check whether each specific word is used without a NOT. The word "understanding" does not exist. So this is the correct answer.
Let's check the rest of the words:

• not wiped by the hand, not noticed by anyone - participles with dependent words;


• without realizing - not with a gerunds;


• not dug up - not with a short participle.

Answer: bewildered

13. Define a sentence in which both selected words are written LITTLE. Expand the brackets and write out these two words.

1. (BEFORE) THEN he turned the ruler of the compass (B) in the direction in which the boy disappeared.


2. THE SAME expression of readiness for decisive action appeared on Artyom's face, as when we first met, (FOR) WHAT even his eyes expressed the same confidence.


3. I (THAT) HOUR went to the Tatarinovs in such a way that I (WOULD) not find Nikolai Antonovich.


4. (B) FOR some time, Vera has received ardent and passionate love letters from an unknown person, but (STILL) does not attach any importance to them.


5. Onegin, just like the hero of B. Konstan, is smart, but emphatically indifferent to the people around him and (AT THAT) does not see anything in life worthy of his spiritual efforts.

Completing the assignment:
It is best to do the task according to this algorithm:

1. Find words that, without any doubt, are written with a hyphen: something, something, or something, after all, double adverbs. Specifically in this task, we will not find such words.


2. See if there are words that are uniquely spelled separately. These are prepositions with nouns and pronouns, the words "just", "all the same", "like", "something". The proposal from point # 1 is definitely not suitable. "In that" will not be fused in any case, because this is a preposition with a pronoun.


3. Now you can find the words "During (and)" and "in continuation (and)". They are often found in such tasks, and in any case they are written separately. Sentence 4 can be deleted.


4. It is necessary to see if the task contains the words WHAT (WOULD), THAT (SAME) and SO (SAME). As a rule, there should be no difficulties with them either. It is important to determine if the particle can be removed. As a result, it turns out that sentences 2 and 5 do not fit.

Now we need to check the remaining option: “immediately” is written together, “so” cannot be removed or rearranged “would”.

Answer: immediately to

14. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N. is written.

At the celebration of the (1) th ceremony of presenting the state (2) awards, she delivered (3) in the flame (4) speech, which made a strong impression on the workers gathered in the hall (5) of the rear.

Completing the assignment:
The task is not difficult, here you need to remember the spelling of each word:

• solemn, state, fiery - the suffix -ENN- in canceled adjectives;


• pronounced - a short participle with H;


• for a worker - (one N) the spelling of this word must be remembered.

Answer: 3, 5

15. Arrange punctuation marks. Indicate two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1. A heartfelt love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons to itself gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of loss and anxiety for the future.


2. The language itself contains images and rhythm and rhymes and alliteration.


3. The language is diverse and polyphonic and multi-toned.


4. Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered in his head.


5. The air is light and clear and the river is frozen.

Completing the assignment:
For the correct placement of punctuation marks, we determine the composition of the sentences:

1. A heartfelt love for their native places and snow-covered expanses beckons to itself, gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of loss and anxiety for the future. This sentence contains homogeneous predicates.


2. The language itself contains images, rhythm, rhymes, and alliteration. Here we see a repeating union.


3. The language is diverse, polyphonic, and multi-toned. Notice the repeated conjunctions again.


4. Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered in his head. Here we see three homogeneous members with a double conjunction.


5. The air is light and clear, and the river is frozen. And this is a complex sentence.

Answer: 1, 5

The guide is intended to prepare high school graduates for the unified state exam (USE) in the Russian language. The publication contains theoretical material on all sections of the school course of the Russian language in grades 6-11, recommendations for completing assignments for parts of all types of parts 1 and 2 of the examination work. The practical part includes samples of test items, approximated in volume, structure and selected material to the control measuring materials of the unified state exam. At the end of the manual, you will find answers to test items.

16. Arrange the punctuation marks: write the number (s), which should be replaced by a comma (s) in the sentence.

After completing the first stage of preparation (1), you can add (2) finely chopped truffles (3) or (4) pre-cooked mushrooms to the dish.

Completing the assignment:
First, we select the adverbial turnover.
In this sentence, participial phrases appear before the defined words. The words being defined here are not personal pronouns. The adverbial phrases in this sentence do not have additional meanings, which means there is no reason to isolate these phrases.

Answer: 1

17. Arrange any missing punctuation marks: write the number (s) followed by the comma (s).

I love (1) you (2) my damask (3) dagger (4)
The comrade is light and cold.
A pensive Georgian forged you for revenge,
A free Circassian sharpened for a formidable battle.<...>
You were given to me as a companion (5) love pledge (6) dumb (7)
And the wanderer in you is not a useless example:
Yes, I will not change and I will be firm in my soul
How are you, how are you (8) my friend (9) iron.

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Completing the assignment:
Here it is worth carefully reading the poem to the end. In this case, it is possible to highlight the appeals. You should not grab individual words from a poem without having read the entire lines. You need to think about the meaning of the last two lines: after all, if you put a comma in place (9), then it turns out that the lyric hero himself consists of iron.

Answer: 2, 4, 5, 7, 8

The publication will assist high school students in preparing for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The book will help you quickly and efficiently repeat and summarize educational material. The manual includes theoretical material on all topics of the exam. Questions, tasks and exercises will help to consolidate knowledge. Answers are given to the most difficult tasks at the end of the book. The publication has been prepared in accordance with the modern requirements of the school curriculum of secondary (complete) general education.

18. Arrange punctuation marks: indicate the number (s), in the place of which (s) in the sentence should be (s) comma (s).

Since then, every time (1) when we come across a composer (2) without laughing, he cannot recall this incident (3) which we have become involuntary witnesses (4).

Completing the assignment:
This task is a little more difficult than all practically identical tasks under number 18, which can be found in CMMs. It is important here to emphasize the basics and draw the outline of the proposal. This will make it easier to place punctuation marks. It must be remembered that in sentences from this assignment the pronoun "which" will always be inside the clause.

[Since then, every time (when we come across a composer somewhere), he cannot remember this incident without laughing], (which we have become involuntary witnesses).

Answer: 1, 2, 3

19. Arrange the punctuation marks: write all the numbers, which should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

I really wanted to see my former classmates (1) and (2) when our meeting took place (3) I asked them (4) if they miss school.

Completing the assignment:
Here we see the junction of alliances: compositional and subordinate. It is difficult to understand whether to put a comma in the case under number (2). To do this, you need to mentally remove the subordinate clause and see how the sentence will be perceived without it.

I really wanted to see my former classmates, and I asked them ...

The sentence reads fine, so the comma under number (2) should be here.

The difficulty lies also in the fact that this is a subordinate clause with the LI union. Not everyone recognizes it, it is rare.

[I really wanted to see my former classmates], and, (when our meeting took place), [I asked them], (do they miss school).

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4

20. Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Athletes have to train intensively for more than one year to win a world record.

Completing the assignment:
With this task, as well as with task number 6, many had problems.
There are many synonyms in Russian, and this sentence can be corrected in different ways. Winning more medals, but certainly not records. Therefore, the words "beat", "installed", "set" are suitable here.

Answer: beat, set, set

Read the text and complete assignments 21–26.

(1) Captain Sumskov glanced around the Red Army men who had lined up and, slightly agitated, said: - Comrades! (2) The order was received: to take up defensive positions at the height behind the farm, at the crossroads. (3) Defend the height until reinforcements arrive. (4) Is the task clear? (5) In recent days we have lost a lot, but we have preserved the regiment's banner, and the regiment's honor must be preserved. (6) We will hold on to the last! (7) An infantry regiment set out from the farm. (8) Zvyagintsev nudged Nikolai with his elbow and, brightly shining his eyes, said: - To go into battle with a banner is appropriate, and to retreat with it - just God forbid! (9) How do you suppose we will resist? (10) Nikolai nodded decisively. - (11) We must resist! (12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven, who was grazing geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his ruddy lips, admiringly examining the burnt grass passing by. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burnt out, small tongues of flame, almost invisible in the daylight, darted along the tops of the feather grass, the charred, dark skeletons of stationary tanks were smoking on the slope. (39) Nikolai did not hear the earth-shaking, collapsing roar of the explosion, he did not see a large mass of earth heavily rearing next to him. (40) A compressed, tight wave of hot air swept away the embankment of the front breastwork into the trench, and forcefully threw Nikolai's head back. (41) Nikolai woke up when the planes, having dumped their cargo from two approaches, had long since retired and the German infantry, having begun the third attack in a row, approached the defense line almost closely, preparing for the decisive throw. (42) A fierce battle was raging around Nicholas. (43) Only a few soldiers of the regiment held out from the last forces; their fire was weakening: there were few people capable of protecting; hand grenades were already used on the left flank; the survivors were already preparing to meet the Germans with the last bayonet strike. (44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the others began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army men rushing forward, heavily falling on his wounded leg, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked, holding the banner in one hand, with the other pressing the machine gun put forward to his side; the wounded captain Sumskov crawled out of the trench broken by a shell ... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from a height, following his soldiers. (46) There was no blood in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and, throwing his head back, shouted in a childishly thin, breaking voice: - Eagles! (47) My dear ones, go ahead! .. (48) Give them life!

(According to M.A.Sholokhov⃰)

⃰ Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (1906-1984) - Russian Soviet writer, screenwriter, journalist, war correspondent, Nobel Prize laureate in literature.

21. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Enter the answer numbers.

Completing the assignment:
You need to find and underline the words from this assignment in the text.

1. After the explosion of the shell, the wounded captain Sumskov continued to maintain the morale of the Red Army soldiers.
   This statement corresponds to the sentence in the text:

   (44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the others began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army men rushing forward, heavily falling on his wounded leg, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked, holding the banner in one hand, pressing the machine gun to his side with the other; crawled out of the broken
   a shell of a trench wounded captain Sumskov ... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from a height, following his soldiers. (46) There was no blood in his lime-white face, but he nevertheless moved forward and, throwing back his head, shouted in a childishly thin, breaking voice:
   - Eagles! (47) My dear ones, go ahead! .. (48) Give them life!



2. The heavy battle of the Red Army lasted for several minutes, but the enemy's losses were great.
   This statement is incorrect:

   (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the start of the attack,
   the sun was noticeably bent to the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil pungency.



3. Nikolai Streltsov served in an infantry regiment during the Great Patriotic War.
   

   (7) An infantry regiment set out from the farm. (8) Zvyagintsev nudged Nikolai with his elbow and, brightly shining his eyes, said:
   - To go into battle with a banner is appropriate, and to retreat with it - just God forbid! (9) How do you suppose we will resist?
   (10) Nikolai nodded decisively.



4. In the harsh wartime, Nikolai Streltsov involuntarily remembered his son.
   This statement corresponds to the following sentence:

   (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how much he looks like! (14) The same as his eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair ... and in the features of the face, and in the entire small, tightly knit figure. (16) Is he somewhere now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to take another look at the boy, so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he does not need memories from which his heart softens.



5. Tank units came to the aid of the Red Army men who were defending the height.
   The text only speaks about German tanks, so such a statement is considered inappropriate.

Answer: 1, 3, 4

22. Which of the following statements are true? Enter the answer numbers.

1) Proposition 10 answers the question in proposal 4.

2) Proposals 12, 14 contain a description.

3) Sentences 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.

4) Sentences 27–31 are narrative.

5) Proposals 37, 38 present the reasoning

Completing the assignment:

1. Proposition 10 answers the question in proposal 4.

   If you don't read it, it seems that everything is so: a question is asked in the text and an answer to it is given. But you need to read it - then it becomes clear that the hero is answering a completely different question.



2. Propositions 12 and 14 contain a description.

   It's right:

   (12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven years old, who was grazing geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his ruddy lips, admiringly examining the Red Army men passing by.
   (14) The same as that of the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair ...



3. Sentences 16 and 17 are contrasted in content.

   Let us reread Propositions 16 and 17. Obviously, this statement is not true:

   (16) Is he somewhere now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to take another look at the boy, so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he does not need memories from which his heart softens.



4. Sentences 27–31 provide a narrative.

   This statement is true, since the sentence lists physical actions:

   (27) The first tank stopped before reaching a group of thorn bushes, the second flared up, turned back and stood, stretching out a tar-black, slightly swaying smoky torch towards the sky.
   (31) Finally she got up, in short dashes she went to the rapprochement, but at this time the tanks were cool
   turned around, moved back, leaving on the slope six dying and wrecked cars.



5. In Propositions 37, 38, the reasoning is presented.

   Wrong. Sentences 37 and 38 present not reasoning, but description with narrative elements.

   (37) The heavy smell of burning iron and gasoline, mixed with the bitter, ash-like spirit of burnt grass, hit his nostrils. (38) Near the nearest tank, the grass was burnt out, small tongues of flame, almost invisible in the daylight, darted along the tops of the feather grass, the charred, dark skeletons of stationary tanks were smoking on the slope.

Answer: 2, 4

23. From sentences 34–35 write out one phraseological unit.

Completing the assignment:
The task is not easy, because if you look at the proposed fragment of the text, then the phraseological unit is not immediately noticeable:

(34) Nikolai loaded empty disks, drank some disgustingly warm water from a flask, looked at his watch. (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted for several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the beginning of the attack, the sun had noticeably bent to the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil pungency.
Due to their frequent use in speech, some phraseological units are "lost" in the text, and it is very difficult to recognize them immediately.

Answer: actually

24. Among sentences 12–17, find the one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using a union and a personal pronoun. Write the number (s) of this offer (s).

(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of about seven years old, who was grazing geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his ruddy lips, admiringly examining the Red Army soldiers passing by. (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar! (14) The same as that of the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair ... (15) There was an imperceptible resemblance in the features of the face and in the whole small tightly knit figure. (16) Is he somewhere now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to take another look at the boy, so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle he does not need memories from which his heart softens.

Completing the assignment:
You need to find all personal pronouns in this piece of text, and then look for conjunctions. We see that proposition (13) contains both.

Answer: 13

Read the review excerpt based on the text you analyzed in assignments 21-24. This fragment examines the linguistic features of the text. Some of the terms used in the review are missing. Insert the numbers corresponding to the numbers of terms from the list in the places of the gaps (A, B, C, D). Write down the corresponding number in the table under each letter. Write down the sequence of numbers in the ANSWER FORM № 1 to the right of the task number 25, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional symbols. Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form.

The manual has been prepared in accordance with the mandatory minimum content of basic general and secondary (complete) general education in the Russian language, contains all the material necessary for a student to prepare for the exam on his own: theory, including easy-to-remember tables, as well as a practical part, with examples examination exercises and their step-by-step analysis. The attached CD contains not only a practice test in the USE format, but also intermediate testing for each chapter of the manual, which will allow the student to organize independent work to test their own knowledge. The program automatically checks the correctness of the examination tasks, which allows you to control the level of preparation for the exam.

25. “M.A. Sholokhov paid special attention to ordinary soldiers overcoming all the incredible difficulties and hardships of the war. The text often uses syntactic means of expressiveness: (A) ________ (sentences 6, 11, 13) and (B) _______ (sentences 9, 16). A special role in the text belongs to the depiction of the realities of war. And here the paths play an important role: (B) _______ (“evil pungency” in sentence 35) and (D) ________ (“fluttering ... tongues of flame” in sentence 38) ”.

List of terms:

1) dialogue

2) epithet

3) metaphor

4) hyperbole

5) parceling

6) anaphora

8) comparison

Completing the assignment:
First, you need to see what hints the test writers made. So, we need to find two syntactic means of expression and two tropes.

Let's turn to the list.
What syntactic means of expression can we find?

5) parceling

6) anaphora

7) exclamation sentences

9) interrogative sentences

What trails?

3) metaphor

4) hyperbole

8) comparison

The terms under A and B are easy to define. Let's find sentences 6, 11, 13. They are all exclamation points. Propositions 6 and 11 are interrogative, obviously.

Let's move on to the trails. There is definitely no exaggeration (hyperbole) in the given phrases. Comparison is a little more complicated. After all, a metaphor, for example, is also a comparison, but a hidden one. In comparison, it is always obvious what is being compared with what. In the text, flashes of fire are compared to tongues. But we see only "tongues" - what is being compared with. If we talk about the formal signs of comparison, then we will see that there are no words here as, as if, as if, exactly, as if, that. And there is no instrumental case. Therefore, it can be argued that there is no comparison here.

It turns out that the correct answers are an epithet and a metaphor. C - an epithet (there is no transfer of meaning), G - a metaphor (there is a transfer of meaning).

Answer: 7, 9, 2, 3

The textbook, which is part of the Algorithm of Success educational and methodological kits, is intended for high school students studying Russian language and literature both at a basic and advanced level. Contains extended theoretical material, creative tasks, exercises aimed at preparing for the exam. The textbook implements a modern cultural and creative model of education.

Part 2

26. Composition

Approximate range of problems	Author's position
The first problem- the heroism of Russian soldiers during the Great Patriotic War (at what cost was the victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War achieved?).	The victory over fascism in the Great Patriotic War was achieved thanks to the heroism of Soviet soldiers.
Second problem- preservation of humanity, memory of home, family and children during the war. (Which gave strength to the warrior, thanks to which did he endure all the hardships of war conditions?)	The imperishable memory of his children, family and home, the defense of which the soldier stood up, gave him the opportunity to remain human and endure hard military trials.
The third problem- maintaining a sense of duty in front of the Motherland.	When a soldier was tuned into battle, he had to stifle all sentimental qualities in himself, so as not to lose vigilance and fighting spirit overnight.

The first problem
Having touched upon the theme of heroism in the essay, it is better to omit the episode with the boy. But the description of the battle, the wounded commander and other suitable phenomena should be given more attention. In a word, it is necessary to emphasize that the victory was achieved at a high price thanks to the perseverance and courage of the people.
For argumentation, you can take any books of the Soviet period about the war.

Second problem
According to the author, the state of mind of a soldier is associated with his memories. This fragment of text shows the image of a boy who reminded Streltsov of his son. Memories of home overwhelmed him. Home, family and love were the spiritual support for the soldier.
One can cite arguments from "War and Peace" (Nikolai Rostov) and "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ..." (girls' memories), as well as from the Tales of Lev Kassil (for example, "The Story of the Absent").
In many works about the war, Sholokhov focuses on the preservation of the human in man ("Mole", "Foal", "Shibalkov's Seed", "The Fate of a Man"). He contrasted the literature of the lost generation with his works, which affirm faith in a person who retains a moral core in war.

The third problem
The life of a soldier in a war is different from the peaceful life of an ordinary person, so memories of home, family and children could distract soldiers from the thought that duty to the Motherland is above all. In the episode of the meeting with the boy, we see a test of the ability to control oneself, when the soldier is responsible to the Motherland. Still, of course, this episode also contains motivation: for whom exactly he is responsible. (For comment, you can refer to proposals # 5 and # 18-19).
The boy waved his hand. He believes in a soldier to protect him. The soldier is an example to follow. Of course, Streltsov must correspond to this image.

Important note: the second and third problems are opposed to each other. However, it is possible to prove both positions.