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Presentation on the topic: Star map

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The starry sky opens above us in the evenings, like a huge window into an unknown, exciting, bewitching world. You raise your head and look, look, as if you are traveling in the Universe. Universe... What a beautiful, majestic word! This is the name given to the entire vast world, of which our Earth is a part. There are countless stars in the Universe. One of them, the closest to us, is the Sun. During the day, the Sun “blocks” with its bright light the weaker light of other, distant stars, and we do not see them. It seems that there is nothing but the Earth with its inhabitants, the blue sky and the bright sun. But in the evening, when our daylight disappears below the horizon, the sky becomes completely different. “The starry sky,” writes one of the astronomers and scientists studying the Universe, “is the Great Book of Nature. Whoever manages to read it will discover the countless treasures of the Cosmos surrounding us.”

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The names of most stars and constellations were given in ancient times. Most often they are associated with some myths and legends. In ancient star atlases, constellations were depicted in the form of people and animals that acted in these myths and legends. This is the ancient Greek legend associated with the constellation Ursa Major. Once upon a time, there lived a beauty named Callisto. She risked competing with the goddess Hera, the wife of the most important god Zeus. The angry Hera took revenge on Callisto: she turned her into a bear. The unfortunate bear wandered through the mountains for a long time, hiding from the arrows of hunters. But Zeus did not let her die. He permanently settled Callisto the Bear in the sky, turning it into a beautiful constellation. To navigate the world of stars, it is important to distinguish between the northern and southern parts of the sky. In the northern part of the sky there is the well-known dipper of the Big Dipper. Stand facing the bucket - and the northern part of the sky is in front of you. And if you stand with your back to the bucket, the southern part of the sky will be in front of you. In the northern part of the sky, the same constellations are visible throughout the year, only their location changes. But in the southern part, in summer and autumn, winter and spring, you will see completely different constellations.

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At any time of the year, you can find a large bucket of seven bright stars in the sky. This is the most visible part of the constellation Ursa Major. There are other stars in it. Together they reminded the ancient Greeks of the figure of a bear, which is why the constellation got its name. Each bucket star has its own name. Its front “wall” is made up of the stars Merak and Dubhe. If we mentally draw a line from the star Merak to the star Dubha and, continuing it, measure five of the same distances, we will find the North Star. This is a compass star: it points north. Polaris is one of the stars in the constellation Ursa Minor. If we draw the mental line with which we found the North Star further, it will point us to the constellation Cassiopeia. Its main stars form a figure similar to the letter "M". But only this letter seems to be stretched by its “legs”. The constellation is named after Queen Cassiopeia, who, according to legend, once ruled in one of the southern countries. The constellation Cassiopeia can be found in the sky at any time of the year. Between Cassiopeia and Ursa Minor is the constellation Cepheus. Perhaps it looks like a rickety house (sometimes it is completely upside down). This constellation is named after the legendary king Cepheus, the husband of Cassiopeia. And nearby you can see the constellation Draco. The monster's body curved between Ursa Minor and Ursa Major. Northern sky

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The southern part of the sky in summer and autumn In summer and autumn, three bright stars stand out in the sky, which, if you mentally connect them with lines, form a huge triangle. It is called summer-autumn. It is composed of the stars Vega, Deneb and Altair. These stars belong to different constellations. Vega is included in the constellation Lyra, Deneb - in the constellation Cygnus, Altair - in the constellation Eagle. The name “Lyre” recalls the musical instrument that, according to ancient legend, was played by the singer and musician Orpheus. The ancient Greeks imagined the other two constellations in the form of a swan flying down to the earth (the star Deneb is in its tail), and in the form of an eagle flying towards the swan.

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In autumn, a huge square of four bright stars is clearly visible in the southern part of the sky. This square is the main part of the Pegasus constellation. True, the upper left star of the square belongs to a different constellation. She and three more stars located to the left and slightly up are the main stars of the Andromeda constellation. Andromeda and Pegasus together form a huge bucket - it is larger than the bucket of the Big Dipper. In summer and autumn the Milky Way is clearly visible. This is a luminous stripe with jagged edges that stretches across the entire sky. The Milky Way is formed by an innumerable number of stars. There are so many of them and they are so far from us that individual stars are indistinguishable. They are visible only through binoculars or a telescope. In the summer sky you can find a beautiful semicircular chain of stars. This is the constellation Corona Borealis.

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In winter, the southern part of the starry sky is decorated with one of the most wonderful constellations - Orion. Its name is the name of a hunter from ancient Greek myths. Looking at the bright stars of Orion, it is not so difficult to imagine a mighty hunter raising a heavy club into the air. The easiest way to find this constellation is by three stars located obliquely, close to each other. This is Orion's belt. At the top left is the reddish star Betelgeuse (its name translates as “the giant’s armpit”). Interestingly, this star is almost 400 times larger in diameter than the Sun! The star Rigel (“leg”) shines at the bottom right. It is the brightest in the entire constellation. If you mentally draw a line along Orion's belt and continue it to the left and down, it will lead us to a bluish star with the beautiful name Sirius. However, this star is generally not difficult to find, because it is the brightest of all the stars in the sky. The name "Sirius" means "brilliant", "sparkling". Sirius belongs to the constellation Canis Major. Its other stars are dim and poorly visible. Canis Major is one of the dogs of the hunter Orion. There is also his other dog nearby - the constellation Canis Minor. One bright star is clearly visible in it - Procyon. To the left and above Orion is the constellation Gemini. It is named after the twin brothers, sons of the ancient Greek god Zeus. Particularly bright stars in this constellation are Castor and Pollux. That was the name of the two legendary brothers. Southern sky in winter (1)

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Southern part of the sky in winter (2) Above and to the right of Orion in the winter sky is the constellation Taurus. In the ideas of the ancient Greeks, this is an angry bull that rushes towards the hunter Orion. It is he who the hunter meets with a raised club. The orange eye of an angry bull is clearly visible - the star Aldebaran. Interestingly, this “eye” is actually 30 times larger than the Sun! Several less bright stars are visible near Aldebaran. This is a star cluster called the Hyades. The cluster is very large - using a telescope, scientists counted about 200 stars in it. All of them are included in the constellation Taurus. And even higher and to the right we see something absolutely amazing - a small, elegant scoop of several tiny stars. It is very beautiful, like crystal. A person with good eyesight has 7 or 6 stars. The one with poorer vision is smaller. (In this way you can test your vigilance.) What kind of wonderful ladle is this? This is another star cluster in the constellation Taurus. It is called the Pleiades (from the Greek word meaning "many"). Above Orion, high in the sky, is the constellation Auriga. The brightest stars of this constellation form a large pentagon. The brightest of them is the Chapel. Translated into Russian, the word “kapella” means “goat”. This goat star seems to be sitting on the shoulder of the mighty giant Auriga. He himself, according to various ancient legends, was the inventor of chariots or drove a heavenly chariot.

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Three constellations are notable in the spring sky - Leo, Bootes and Virgo. To see the constellation Leo, we will look for a sickle-shaped figure in the southern part of the sky. This is the head and chest of the “king of beasts”. The stars located to the left form his body. The brightest star of this constellation is located at the bottom of the crescent and is called “Regulus” (meaning “king”). Another bright star, Denebola, is located in the tail of the lion. This lion in the sky is reminiscent of the fierce Nemean lion from ancient Greek myths, which terrified people. It was he who was defeated in a fierce battle by the famous mythical hero Hercules. Let us now consider that part of the sky that is to the left of the “king of beasts”. We will see a bright orange star, the brightest in the spring sky. This is Arcturus, the main star of the constellation Bootes. The name “Bootes” is associated with one of the characters of ancient myths - a shepherd who tended oxen. Below and to the right of Arcturus shines the blue star Spica, the main one in the constellation Virgo. On ancient star maps, this constellation was depicted as a girl with a ripe ear of corn in her hand. The star Spica was located precisely in this spike. Southern sky in spring

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“Star Map” - Huge window. Southern part of the sky. Calf. Titles. Northern Crown. Southern part of the sky in spring. Ursa Major Bucket. Northern part of the sky. Southern part of the sky in winter. Starry sky. Arcturus.

"Zodiac constellations" - Pisces. List. Capricorn. Virgo. A lion. Sagittarius. Observers. Constellations. Cancer. Scales. Aquarius. Ophiuchus. Aries. 12 constellations. Twins. Scorpion. Plots. Calf.

"Constellation Astronomy" - The huge Cygnus Cross is easy to spot against the backdrop of the Milky Way. According to ancient Greek myth, the wicked king Lycaon lived in the Copper Age. Translated from Arabic, Kohab el-Shemali means star of the north. Origin of name. The constellation Pisces in ancient engravings. The Pleiades and Orion set in the west. To the west of the triangle are Hercules, Corona Nord and Bootes.

“Starry Sky Constellations” - The Full Moon in Sagittarius or Scorpio occurs only in summer. The heroes of Hellas - Hercules, Theseus, Jason pacified the bulls. In ancient art, the plot of a lion fighting a bull is widespread. In the constellation Taurus, two bright stars are very close to each other. The constellation Cancer is one of the most inconspicuous zodiac constellations.

“Constellations” - On a cloudless and moonless night, far from populated areas, about 3,000 stars can be distinguished. Most of the stars we see are distant suns. What are constellations for? In our age of scientific development, brightness classes are defined quite accurately. Celestial navigation (orientation by the stars) has retained its importance in our age of satellites and atomic energy.

“Constellations of sky stars” - The brightest are stars of the first magnitude. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) The Sun is in the center, and the planets move around. In the constellation Ursa Minor - ... stars. The Earth moves both around the Sun and around its axis. There is a scale of star brightness - from the first to the sixth magnitude. Work progress: Description on page 20 In the constellation Ursa Major - ... stars.

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At any time of the year, you can find a large bucket of seven bright stars in the sky. This is the most visible part of the constellation Ursa Major. There are other stars in it. Together they reminded the ancient Greeks of the figure of a bear, which is why the constellation got its name. Each bucket star has its own name. Its front “wall” is made up of the stars Merak and Dubhe. If we mentally draw a line from the star Merak to the star Dubha and, continuing it, measure five of the same distances, we will find the North Star. This is a compass star: it points north. Polaris is one of the stars in the constellation Ursa Minor. If the mental line with which we found the North Star is drawn further, it will point us to the constellation Cassiopeia. Its main stars form a figure similar to the letter "M". But only this letter seems to be stretched by its “legs”. The constellation is named after Queen Cassiopeia, who, according to legend, once ruled in one of the southern countries. The constellation Cassiopeia can be found in the sky at any time of the year. Between Cassiopeia and Ursa Minor is the constellation Cepheus. Perhaps it looks like a rickety house (sometimes it is completely upside down). This constellation is named after the legendary king Cepheus, the husband of Cassiopeia. And nearby you can see the constellation Draco. The monster's body curved between Ursa Minor and Ursa Major. Northern sky

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Spring Summer At different times of the year, the Big Dipper's bucket is located differently in the sky

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Three constellations are notable in the spring sky - Leo, Bootes and Virgo. To see the constellation Leo, we will look for a sickle-shaped figure in the southern part of the sky. This is the head and chest of the “king of beasts”. The stars located to the left form his body. The brightest star of this constellation is at the bottom of the crescent and is called "Regulus" (meaning "king"). Another bright star, Denebola, is located in the tail of the lion. This lion in the sky is reminiscent of the fierce Nemean lion from ancient Greek myths, which terrified people. It was he who was defeated in a fierce battle by the famous mythical hero Hercules. Let us now consider that part of the sky that is to the left of the “king of beasts”. We will see a bright orange star, the brightest in the spring sky. This is Arcturus, the main star of the constellation Bootes. The name “Bootes” is associated with one of the characters of ancient myths - a shepherd who tended oxen. Below and to the right of Arcturus shines the bluish star Spica, the main one in the constellation Virgo. On ancient star maps, this constellation was depicted as a girl with a ripe ear of corn in her hand. The star Spica was located precisely in this spike. Southern sky in spring

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You can also find Arcturus and Spica in the sky using the constellation Ursa Major. In spring it is located very high. If you mentally draw a curved line along the handle of the ladle and further down, it will point first to Arcturus and then to Spica. It is no coincidence that Arcturus is located near the Big Dipper. After all, the name "Arcturus" means "guardian of the bear."

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From earth to sky: atlas - guide for students beginning. class / A. A. Pleshakov. – 8th ed. – M.: Education, 2007. – 222 p. : ill. - (Green house). Literature:

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The night sky is one of the most beautiful spectacles in nature. Myriads of stars sparkle in the dark depths. Bright planets and tailed comets move between stars

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In 1608, the Dutchman Hans Lippershei created a telescope. However, the first person to use a telescope to study the starry sky was the Italian Galileo Galilei. He saw the moons of Jupiter, craters on the Moon and spots on the Sun. His telescope was very small. Later, optical instruments reached 50 meters in length.

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What is the Solar System?

Our star - the Sun - has its own family; it includes 9 planets that revolve around the Sun. Stars are made of hot gases. What planets of the solar system do you know? What can you tell us about them?

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neptune uranus Slide 6pluto marsd 9 Slide 12sun venus Slide 14jupiter saturn Slide 13earth mercury Slide 11moon

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NEPTUNE According to established tradition, the eighth planet from the Sun was named after the ancient god. This honor went to the god of the seas, Neptune. In modern astrology, Neptune associated with water symbolizes the primordial principle from which feelings and emotions are born. He is the embodiment of memory, taking us into the depths of millennia.

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URANUS Uranus is the seventh most distant planet from the sun and is named after the Greek God of the sky, Uranus. Uranus became the first planet discovered in modern times using a telescope.

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PLUTO Pluto is the ninth planet of the solar system. It is the farthest known planet in the solar system. You can see it either in photographs or through a powerful telescope.

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Venus is the second planet from the Sun. Its surface is inaccessible to optical observations from Earth, since the planet is shrouded in clouds.

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There are constant winds blowing in the air. Near the surface their speed is insignificant, but increases with height. There are also active volcanoes on the planet VENUS

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SATURN Saturn is the sixth planet of the solar system. Saturn is named after the Roman God of Agriculture. Saturn has a powerful ring system made of ice and dust particles.

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Mars The fourth planet of the solar system. Many call it another “dead” planet or the red planet.

Mercury Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun. The ancient Romans considered Mercury the patron of trade, travelers and thieves, as well as the messenger of the gods. It is not surprising that a small planet, quickly moving across the sky following the Sun, received his name.

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Moon Much has been written about the Moon and, perhaps, no other celestial body can compete with the Moon in the number of excellent photographic portraits, including those taken at close range from aboard automatic space stations. And yet Luna still does not want to part with her secrets.

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The Sun is our daylight, the Sun, a powerful source of energy. Every second, such an amount of heat is emitted from its surface, which would be quite enough to melt a layer of ice a thousand kilometers thick surrounding a ball equal in size to the Earth. Already about 100 years ago, scientists were thinking about how to replenish the energy reserves so generously emitted by the Sun into space.

Earth Earth is neither the largest nor the smallest planet in the solar system. However, its position among other planets is unique. The Earth is on average 149.6 million kilometers away from the Sun, and it is this distance that provides the surface of our planet with a range of temperatures within which life can exist.

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Jupiter Jupiter is a giant planet, the fifth from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. A number of atmospheric phenomena on Jupiter - such as storms, lightning, auroras - have a scale that is orders of magnitude greater than that on Earth

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Quiz "Space"

This yellow star always warms us, illuminates all planets, protects us from other stars. Tiny - the planet is first warmed by the Sun, And agile - the year on it is Eighty-eight days.

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There are miracles on the planet: Oceans and forests, Oxygen is in the atmosphere, People and animals breathe it.

It either loses weight or gets fatter, It shines from the sky, but does not warm, And it always looks at the Earth with only one side.

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Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin

Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin - USSR pilot-cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union, colonel, the first person to fly into outer space.

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The street is full of ordinary noise, Spring is coming, the working day is in full swing, And from the Universe a radio wave Brings a name to everyone: Gagarin! It bursts into everything, flies into all hearts like a swallow. And Mother Earth, holding her breath, watches the flight of the hero-son.

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Valentina Tereshkova

Valentina Tereshkova is the first female cosmonaut. She was not afraid, she boldly stepped onto the cosmic path. She did her job with honor and proved that women are capable of much, and even of flying into space. We are proud of those people who have connected their lives with the dangerous, difficult, but noble cause of space flight.

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Nutrition for astronauts.