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Simonyan Kirill Semenovich
Other names:	Simonyan Kirill Semyonovich
Date of Birth:	11.04.1918
Place of Birth:	Nakhchivan-on-Don
Date of death:	18.10.1977
A place of death:	Moscow
Brief information: Professor, surgeon

Biography

In the 20s of the XX century. his father went to Iran and did not return from there, and his mother Lyubov Grigorievna and her children moved to Rostov-on-Don. In 1939, their mother died, and sister Nadya remained in the care of her brother Kirill. Subsequently, my sister, Nadezhda Semyonovna Simonyan, became a famous composer, author of music for 50 Soviet feature films, dramatic performances, radio and television productions. Including the author of the cantata “Lake Sevan” to the words of his brother Kirill Simonyan, for soloists, choir and symphony orchestra.

He entered the Faculty of Chemistry of Rostov University, and later transferred to the Medical Institute.

Simonyan K.S., as a military doctor-surgeon, with the rank of captain, participated in the war with Nazi Germany and the war with Japan.

After demobilization he worked at the Institute. Sklifosovsky under the leadership of the outstanding surgeon, academician S.S. Yudin. After the death of S.S. Yudin, K.S. Simonyan in 1957 went to work at the new Moscow City Hospital No. 67 as the head of the surgical department. Then he decided to move to Moscow City Hospital No. 53, where he began independent scientific work as a chief surgeon. The experience of a military doctor and the influence of his teacher S.S. Yudin determined the medical direction of his scientific activity - the study of problems in emergency surgery.

In 1957, having met the creator of the first blood substitute “Belenky’s Healing Serum”, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Academician of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Belenkiy N.G., together with Arapov D.A. (Soviet surgeon, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Lieutenant General of the Medical Service , Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR), was actively involved in the research and introduction into clinical practice of the first blood substitute “Belenky’s Healing Serum”.

In the sixties, K.S. Simonyan gained fame in the medical community as a major specialist in the field of abdominal surgery.

In 1965, on the recommendation of the niece of Maya Yakovlevna Bessarab and the wife of Nobel laureate Lev Landau - Concordia Terentyevna Landau-Drobantseva, Simonyan K. S. was involved in the treatment of the world famous physicist. In his posthumous notes, which were found in his desk and given by his friend Valery Tselinsky for publication in the Israeli Russian-language weekly Okna, K. S. Simonyan writes about numerous mistakes previously made by the high council and indecision in the strategy of the prescribed treatment. Trying to help the great physicist get rid of debilitating abdominal pain, he insists on surgery to eliminate adhesions in the abdominal cavity. The operation produced a significant result, the academician felt relief for the first time.

In 1971, K. S. Simonyan published the monograph “Peritonitis,” in which he for the first time describes the phase nature of the clinical course of this formidable complication of many surgical diseases. He dedicated this long-term, difficult work to the memory of his teacher S.S. Yudin. In the preface, K. S. Simonyan thanks by name the entire team of specialists who worked on the monograph.

In 1980, K. S. Simonyan’s student, Vitaly Grigorievich Barinov, in his candidate’s thesis: “Assessment of the condition and effectiveness of correction of water-electrolyte and protein metabolism in peritonitis,” using mathematical methods for processing numerous laboratory indicators, obtained algorithms for diagnosing the phases of peritonitis and thereby confirmed the phase nature of the clinical course of peritonitis.

In 1975, K. S. Simonyan, K. P. Gutiontova, E. G. Tsurinova (pres. D. A. Arapova) published the book “Post-mortem blood in the aspect of transfusiology.” Unfortunately, K.S. Simonyan, due to his modesty, did not keep records of his scientific works and numerous presentations at various conferences, as well as the large number of defended dissertations of his students.

In 1977, on October 18, Simonyan K.S., together with co-authors (Galperin Yu.M., Barinov V.G., Karp V.P.) was preparing to speak at the Oncology Center named after. N. N. Blokhin at the Soviet-Swedish symposium with a report “Criteria for the severity of metabolic disorders in cancer and the role of parenteral and oral nutrition in their correction,” to which he attached great importance, as he hoped to collaborate with Swedish colleagues. However, the sudden death of K.S. Simonyan at the age of 59 interrupted all his plans. The report at the symposium was made by Professor V. G. Barinov.

The circumstances of the death of Simonyan K.S.

The last person who was with him on the day of his death was Professor Ivobotenko Boris Alekseevich (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, one of the developers of the stepper electric drive), who invited him to his home for dinner on October 17, 1977, and when he was driving him in his car home, Kirill Semenovich felt bad.

According to Ivobotenko B.A., K.S. Simonyan’s heart ached, but he did not insist on taking him to the 13th hospital, which they passed. Upon arrival home, already on the night of October 18, Ivobotenko B.A. called an ambulance after a second attack of heart pain, when Kirill Semenovich fell in the bathroom, hitting the threshold with the occipital region. The first to arrive, after the ambulance, was Simonyan’s employee K.S., doctor Gutiontova K.P., to whom Ivobotenko B.A. told in detail how Kirill Semenovich did not have time to enter the apartment, immediately fell on the couch and lost consciousness. Then, after a few minutes, he regained consciousness and uttered the famous phrase, which everyone who knew Kirill Semenovich began to pass on from mouth to mouth: “It turns out that death is not so terrible. I even felt some kind of bliss.” After which he called Ksenia Pavlovna Gutiotova, saying that he needed help and went to the bathroom where the accident occurred. Gutiontova K.P., with tears in her eyes, began calling everyone who lived nearby.

Within an hour after the tragedy, the apartment began to fill with friends and colleagues. Among the first to arrive was his student Vitaly Grigorievich Barinov. Soon investigators appeared, to whom B. A. Ivobotenko repeated his story about the death of Kirill Semenovich Simonyan.

According to the official conclusion, death was caused by acute heart failure.

Essays

• Arapov D. A., Simonyan K. S. “Therapeutic serum of N. G. Belenky in clinical practice” M. Medgiz. 1957 140 p.
• Peritonitis [Text] / K. S. Simonyan. - Moscow: Medicine, 1971
• Posthumous blood in the aspect of transfusiology [Text] / K. S. Simonyan, K. P. Gutiontova, E. G. Tsurinova; [preface D. A. Arapova]. - Moscow: Medicine, 1975
• The surgeon's path. Pages from memories of S.S. Yudin. 1891-1954 [Text] / K. S. Simonyan. - Moscow: Medgiz, 1963
• Adhesive disease [Text] / K. S. Simonyan. - Moscow: Medicine, 1966
• Simonyan Kirill. Landau's secret. – Vesti newspaper, weekly. appl. "Windows", April 2, 9, 16, 1998, Israel

Achievements

• Candidate of Biological Sciences
• Doctor of Medical Sciences
• Professor
• Senior lieutenant of medical service

Awards

• Medal "For Military Merit" (1945)
• Medal "For victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945"
• Order of the Red Star (1945)
• Order of the Patriotic War, II degree (1945)

Images

K. Simonyan and A. Solzhenitsyn

Simonyan K.S.'s school years were spent in the city of Rostov-on-Don. There were three friends in the class who called themselves the names of the three musketeers: Simonyan - Artos, Vitkevich - Porthos, Solzhenitsyn - Aramis. Of the three, Aramis (Solzhenitsyn) stood out. He always had to be first and infallible. These traits of the nascent writer-publicist began to appear in school. According to Simonyan K.S., once history teacher Bershadsky began to lecture Solzhenitsyn, he fainted, hit his desk and cut his forehead. Many years later, Solzhenitsyn would take this scar abroad as an honorary title and as evidence of his difficult fate. And when asked about the origin of the scar on his face, he will answer with mysterious hints, sighs, and a meaningful shrug.

In 1936, school friends entered Rostov State University. Simonyan and Vitkevich entered the Faculty of Chemistry, and Solzhenitsyn entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. But in 1937, Kirill Semenovich Simonyan transferred to the medical institute.

In the summer of 1939, A. I. Solzhenitsyn, N. D. Vitkevich and K. S. Simonyan, as excellent students, entered the correspondence department of the Moscow Institute of History, Philosophy and Literature (MIFLI) without exams. In 1941, the war separated school friends.

Close people

Among the people close to Kirill Semenovich were people of various nationalities:

• Jose Lopez (07/22/1925 – 05/11/2005) – engineer (from among the children taken to the USSR in 1937), was buried like a brother in the same grave with K.S. Simonyan at the Armenian Cemetery in Moscow.
• Galperin Yuri Morisovich (08/29/1924 – 02/06/1989) - an outstanding Soviet physiologist, State Prize Laureate, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.
• Gutiontova Ksenia Pavlovna – surgeon at Moscow City Hospital No. 53.
• Barinov Vitaly Grigorievich (08/24/1937) - Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of organization and development of clinical laboratory express diagnostics, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor.

Miscellaneous

• A talented abdominal surgeon, a student of an outstanding scientist, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, director of the Institute. N.V. Sklifosovsky S.S. Yudin.
• He was the first to develop the phase development of peritonitis and made a great contribution to the early diagnosis and treatment of adhesive disease.
• He made significant contributions to parenteral nutrition and the use of fibrinolytic blood.
• For three years he took an active part in the treatment and operated on Academician L. D. Landau.
• One of three famous school friends (Simonyan K.S., Solzhenitsyn A.I., Vitkevich N.D.).
• For many years he served as deputy editor-in-chief of the Medgiz publishing house.
• He played the piano beautifully, wrote poetry, and wrote a script for a children's matinee.
• He composed and sent a poem to N.S. Khrushchev in honor of the flight of the first man into space, Yu. A. Gagarin.
• Gorobets B.S. Could medicine have saved L.D. Landau today? Blogs of the magazine “Seven Arts” No. 4 (29) - April 2012.
• Gorobets B.S. Circle. Landau. Life of a genius. M.: publishing house LKI (URSS). 2008. 368 p.

The main features that distinguish Marshal Moskalenko from a number of other famous commanders of the Great Patriotic War are his habit of acting in accordance with the current situation, and not being guided by orders from above, and also giving preference to attack rather than defense, for which Kirill Semenovich even received a playful nickname from Stalin "General of the offensive"

A rare case among, albeit not the largest, but still notable military leaders of the Great Patriotic War: Kirill Moskalenko did not take part in any intrigues of his entourage during Stalin’s life. Moreover, as he later claimed, he first saw Stalin at a reception in the Kremlin the day after the Victory Parade in 1945.

Moskalenko, like most Soviet marshals, was not very educated, although he stood out against the general background: after all, unlike many, he graduated not only from an elementary rural school, but also from two classes of the school of the Ministry of Public Education. He joined the Red Army at the age of 18 and was in the First Cavalry Army. Then, after the end of the Civil War, he studied at military schools and the Dzerzhinsky Academy. The next twenty years before the start of the Soviet-Finnish War - trips across the entire geography of the Soviet Union: from Bryansk to Chisinau, from Odessa to Chita.

Moskalenko and Epishev at the command post, photo by A. Shaikhet. (wikipedia.org)

Moskalenko met the Great Patriotic War as a major general of artillery in the city of Lutsk. Then a large number of operations, awards and titles. In the award list at that time, the commander of the 1st Ukrainian Front, Konev, emphasized that “Moskalenko is a strong-willed and decisive commander. He works a lot, regardless of time and his health. Tactically competent. He is better at attacking than defending..."

Moskalenko started the war on the Southwestern Front and ended it in Prague. Then he served in the army in various positions, and then worked in the Ministry of Defense until his death.

Monument at the grave. (wikipedia.org)

The only episode that somewhat stands out from his entire life is the arrest of Beria in 1953. Stalin died, shortly after this Beria was arrested, and it was Moskalenko who allegedly said: “Beria, stand up, you are under arrest!”

Source - Wikipedia

Moskalenko, Kirill Semenovich (May 11, 1902, the village of Grishino, Ekaterinoslav province, Russian Empire - June 17, 1985, Moscow, USSR) - Soviet military leader, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal of the Soviet Union. Member of the CPSU Central Committee (1956-1985). Deputy of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 2-11 convocations (1946-1985) from the RSFSR (11th convocation)

Kirill Semyonovich Moskalenko was born on May 11 (April 28, old style) 1902 in the village of Grishino, Bakhmut district, Ekaterinoslav province of the Russian Empire (now part of the Krasnoarmeysky district of the Donetsk region of Ukraine). Ukrainian. From a peasant family.
He graduated from a four-year primary rural school, two classes from the Ministry of Education College (“Ministerial School”). From 1917 to 1919 he studied at the agricultural school at Yama station near Bakhmut, where, as he later recalled, the poet V.N. Sosyura studied with him at the same time. He was forced to interrupt his studies due to the outbreak of the Civil War.
He returned to his native village and worked in the village revolutionary committee. When the territory of the province was captured by the troops of the Volunteer Army of General A.I. Denikin, he went into hiding due to the threat of execution. After the village was occupied by the Red Army in August 1920, he joined its ranks.

Participant in the Civil War as part of the First Cavalry Army. He fought as an ordinary soldier against the troops of General P. N. Wrangel and Ataman N. I. Makhno.
He graduated from the artillery department of the Kharkov United School of Red Chief Petty Officers (1922), advanced training courses for the command staff of the Red Army artillery in Leningrad (1928), and the faculty of advanced training for senior command personnel of the Military Academy. F. E. Dzerzhinsky (1939). While studying in Kharkov, as part of the school, he participated in battles with gangs in the Don and Donbass.
From 1922 to 1932 he served as part of the 6th Chongar Cavalry Division (until 1924 as part of the First Cavalry Army), platoon commander of a horse artillery division. During his service in Armavir, he took part in battles against political banditry in the North Caucasus.

In September 1923, together with a military unit, he was transferred to Bryansk. Since 1924 - battery commander, since 1928 - commander of a training battery, artillery division, chief of staff of an artillery regiment.
Since 1932, he served in the special cavalry division of the Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army near Chita, first as chief of staff, then from 1934 as commander of a cavalry regiment. Since 1935, he commanded the 23rd Tank Brigade in the Primorsky Territory. Since 1936, he served in the 45th Mechanized Corps of the Kyiv Military District.
In 1939, he was appointed chief of artillery of the 51st Perekop Rifle Division of the Odessa Military District, with which he participated in the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-40, for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Then successively the chief of artillery of the 35th Rifle Corps (Chisinau) and the 2nd Mechanized Corps (Tiraspol). Since May 1941 - commander of the 1st artillery anti-tank brigade of the RGK, which was formed as part of the 5th Army KOVO in Lutsk. He recalled: “The brigade of enemy tank destroyers was the only one in the Red Army that was armed with the best 76-mm cannons and 85-mm anti-aircraft guns of that time, which were used both to destroy air targets and to fire at ground armored targets.”

In this position, Major General of Artillery K. S. Moskalenko met the Great Patriotic War. The brigade under his leadership participated in defensive battles in the areas of the city. Lutsk, Vladimir-Volynsky, Rivne, Torchin, Novograd-Volynsky, Malin, in defense of crossings across pp. Teterev, Pripyat, Dnieper, Desna. From the first battles, K. S. Moskalenko did not lose his characteristic composure, retained his sharp thinking, personal fearlessness, and was always on the line of the forward batteries firing direct fire. During a month of continuous fighting, being in the direction of the main attack of the enemy Army Group South, the brigade destroyed more than 300 enemy tanks. For military successes, courage and courage, K. S. Moskalenko was awarded the Order of Lenin on July 23, 1941.
Since September 1941, K. S. Moskalenko, commander of the 15th Rifle Corps as part of the 5th Army of the Southwestern Front, fought with him near the cities of Chernigov, Nezhin, Ichnya, Piryatin. Then he commanded a cavalry-mechanized group of troops of the 13th Army of the Southwestern Front. During the days of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow, he participated in the Yelets offensive operation, in the defeat of the enemy Yelets group and the liberation of the city of Yelets.
In December 1941, he was appointed deputy commander of the 6th Army of the Southwestern Front and acting army commander. The 6th Army under the command of K. S. Moskalenko participated in the Barvenkovo-Lozova offensive operation and the liberation of the cities of Izyum and Lozovaya. From February 12, 1942 - commander of the 6th Cavalry Corps, from March to July 1942 - commander of the 38th Army (Valuysk-Rossoshan defensive operation), after the transformation of the latter, from July 1942, he commanded the 1st Tank Army, with which he participated in battles on the distant approaches to Stalingrad (July-August 1942). In August 1942, he was appointed commander of the 1st Guards Army, with which he participated in the Battle of Stalingrad until October 1942.
In October 1942, he was appointed commander of the 40th Army, commanding which in 1943 he participated in the Ostrogozh-Rossoshan operation, the first liberation of Kharkov, the Battle of Kursk, and the crossing of the Dnieper.
By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 23, 1943, for the courage and heroism shown during the crossing of the Dnieper and securing a bridgehead on its western bank, the commander of the 40th Army, Colonel General Kirill Semenovich Moskalenko, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
From October 1943 until the end of the war he was again commander of the 38th Army. With this army, consisting of the 1st Ukrainian, 2nd Ukrainian and 4th Ukrainian fronts, Colonel General K. S. Moskalenko liberated Kyiv in 1943 (Kiev offensive operation), and defended it again in November - December 1943 (Kiev defensive operation), in 1944 he participated in the Zhitomir-Berdichev, Proskurov-Chernivtsi, Lviv-Sandomierz, Carpathian-Dukla (assault on the Dukel Pass), in 1945 - in the West Carpathian, Moravian-Ostrava, Prague offensive operations.

After the war, K. S. Moskalenko commanded the 38th Army, transferred to the Carpathian Military District. Since August 1948 - commander of the troops of the Moscow region (later the Moscow district) of air defense. He headed the group of military men he assembled that carried out the arrest of Lavrentiy Beria in June 1953: “Initially, we entrusted the arrest of Beria to Moskalenko with five generals. He and his comrades were supposed to have weapons, and Bulganin was supposed to bring them with weapons to the Kremlin... On the eve of the meeting, Marshal Zhukov and several other people joined Moskalenko’s group,” Khrushchev recalled. Since June 1953 - Commander of the Moscow Military District. He recalled: “Khrushchev said that I was appointed commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District and bear personal responsibility for the arrested Beria.” Moskalenko, together with the Prosecutor General of the USSR Roman Andreevich Rudenko, participated in investigative activities in the case of Beria and his associates.
In 1955, he was awarded the military rank of “Marshal of the Soviet Union.”
Since 1960 - Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Missile Forces - Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR.
Since 1962 - Chief Inspector of the USSR Ministry of Defense - Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR.
For services to the Motherland in the development and strengthening of the Armed Forces of the USSR, on February 21, 1978, he was awarded the second Gold Star medal.
Since December 1983 - in the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
Kirill Semyonovich Moskalenko died on June 17, 1985 in Moscow. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Awards
Hero of the Soviet Union (Gold Star Medal No. 2002, decree of October 23, 1943);
twice Hero of the Soviet Union (Gold Star Medal No. 105, decree dated February 21, 1978);
seven Orders of Lenin (07/22/1941, 10/23/1943, 11/6/1945, 03/7/1962, 05/10/1972, 02/21/1978, 05/10/1982);
Order of the October Revolution (02/22/1968);
five Orders of the Red Banner (04/07/1940, 08/27/1943, 11/3/1944, 11/15/1950, 01/28/1954);
two Orders of Suvorov, 1st degree (01/28/1943, 05/23/1943);
two Orders of Kutuzov, 1st degree (05/29/1944, 08/25/1944);
Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, 1st degree (01/10/1944);
Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (04/06/1985);
Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd degree (04/30/1975);
fifteen USSR medals;
Hero of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (10/3/1969);
twenty-eight orders and medals of other states.

Military ranks
Colonel (08/16/1938).
Brigade commander (April 1940).
Major General of Artillery (06/06/1940).
Lieutenant General (01/19/1943).
Colonel General (09/19/1943).
Army General (08/03/1953).
Marshal of the Soviet Union (03/11/1955).

Kirill Serebrennikov is a theater and film director, widely known for his extraordinary productions (“The Pillowman,” “Metamorphoses,” “Thugs,” “Idiots”) and films (“Playing the Victim,” “St. George’s Day,” “Treason,” “ Diary of a Killer”, “The Apprentice”), which invariably cause mixed reactions from viewers. In 2012, he became the artistic director of the Gogol Center theater, created on the basis of the dissolved MDT named after. Gogol.

The director is of the opinion that one should create not about “abstract them”, but about “concrete us”. And although many theatergoers do not understand Serebrennikov’s methods and techniques, and others even call him an opportunist, his work makes everyone think about what they see.

Childhood and family

Kirill was born into an intelligent family from Rostov-on-Don. Father, Semyon Mikhailovich, was a surgeon, and mother, Irina Aleksandrovna Litvin, taught Russian language and literature at school. Kirill went to the first grade of physics and mathematics school No. 5, from a young age he actively participated in the social life of the class and even staged a play about the founder of Marxism, Friedrich Engels. Already at that time, the boy had a noticeable original view of the theater - the main character of his play was not the economist himself, but the Lyon weaver without arms.

However, after the residents of the USSR gained access to foreign books and films, Kirill lost his party enthusiasm. It was during this period that he became imbued with issues of freedom, both external and internal. In general, Kirill considers his talent for directing to be hereditary - his maternal grandfather graduated from VGIK, studied with Eisentstein and Dovzhenko, and was one of the founders of the Moldova-Film film studio.

Kirill Serebrennikov reads Dolphin's poems

After graduating from high school with a gold medal, Serebrennikov intended to go to the directing department, but the head of the course and also a close family friend, Anatoly Vasiliev, dissuaded him, explaining that at such a young age people too often make mistakes when choosing a path in life. He advised the young man to finish something else first, and then, if he didn’t change his mind, to come back.

So Serebrennikov applied to the physics department of Rostov State University, which after five years he graduated with honors. While studying at the university, he was a member of the Komsomol cell, which he disbanded with his own hands during perestroika, and was engaged in directing at the amateur studio “69”. The first performance he directed within its framework was based on the works of Kharms. “It was some kind of funny disgrace. They poured kefir on the audience, and naked women walked around the stage,” the director recalled about this experience.

Carier start

After graduation, Kirill continued to do what he loved and over the next seven years gained experience at the Rostov Academic Drama Theater. M. Gorky and the Academic Theater for Young Spectators. The very first was the production of “Strange Fantasies of a Certain Miss Laetitia Duffet” at the Engagement Theater (1992).

Kirill Serebrennikov in the program “School of Scandal”

In 1995, the production of “Town in a Snuffbox” was released in the Rostov Youth Theater, which was very quickly banned due to the elements of sadomasochism included in the plot. During the performance, people dressed as hammers were supposed to run onto the stage and beat people dressed as bells while the latter sang joyfully. In reality, the “hammers” lashed the “bells” with whips. Released in the same year on the stage of the ATD named after. Gorky's production of "Little Tragedies" was criticized to smithereens by local theatergoers.

At the same time, Serebrennikov made his first attempts to explore the world of television. In 1991, he began collaborating with the Southern Region television company, after which he moved to the Don-TR state television and radio company. And here his talent turned out to be applicable: Kirill made a musical film, two documentaries, several dozen commercials and music videos, and took part in the creation of multi-part television projects. Advertising and music videos were just beginning to appear on TV screens, their creation was an interesting and exciting process, but when such work became routine, Serebrennikov decided to move to the capital and engage in big cinema, discovering a new direction for himself.

Career in Moscow

At first, Serebrennikov was not accepted in Moscow, considering him too provincial because of his shocking appearance and huge fluffy fur coat. At first, he continued to shoot advertising, but soon chance brought him together with playwright Alexei Kazantsev, who invited Serebrennikov to stage Vasily Sigarev’s play “Plasticine.” Seven other directors had previously turned down the difficult task, but Serebrennikov always loved taking on challenges.

In the following years, Serebrennikov staged plays on the stages of the Theater. Pushkin, Sovremennik, Mariinsky Theatre. He interpreted classical works in his own special way (“The Golovlevs”, “The Bourgeois”, “The Forest”, “The Threepenny Opera”), collaborated with modern playwrights Oleg and Vladimir Presnyakov (“Terrorism”, “Playing the Victim”), Mikhail Kononov "(Naked Pioneer") In 2005, Serebrennikov’s talent was recognized by Oleg Tabakov, inviting the director to work in his theater.

Serebrennikov remade the play “Playing the Victim” into a painting of the same name. Having assembled a team of talented professionals - Yuri Chursin, Marat Basharov, Alexander Ilyin, Anna Mikhalkova, Liya Akhedzhakova and many others - he created a real masterpiece of Russian cinema with the grotesqueness inherent in Serebrennikov. The work received main prizes at the Kinotavr and Festa del Cinema festivals. However, actor and director Mikhail Kozakov did not agree with the jury of famous festivals. In his opinion, the film “Playing the Victim” turned out worse than a theatrical production, the convention of which has a stronger effect on the viewer.

In 2007, the restless Serebrennikov tried a new direction for himself - he became the host of the program “Another Cinema” on the TV-3 channel. A great joy for Kirill was the recognition of a Moscow teacher, according to whom, after the “Another Cinema” program, her students do not need to explain anything, they understand everything themselves. For just over a month, the director also hosted the “Details” program on the STS channel.

In 2008, Serebrennikov became a teacher of the experimental directing course at the Moscow Art Theater School. Students from this course subsequently formed the theater troupe “Seventh Studio” and now work successfully at the Gogol Center.

In 2010, Serebrennikov took on the production of the crime novel “Okolonya”, the authorship of which was attributed to the “gray eminence of the Kremlin” Vladislav Surkov. The scandalous production revealed the corrupt essence of power and demonstrated the metamorphoses of a person under its influence.

Also, the director, together with Chulpan Khamatova, Teodor Currentzis, Evgeny Mironov and Roman Dolzhansky, took an active part in organizing the “Territory” festival of contemporary art, Kirill himself was its art director. In 2011–2014, he worked as the artistic director of the “Platform” art project at the Winzavod Center for Contemporary Art.

In 2012, Serebrennikov’s new film, “Betrayal,” was released, and was included in the competitive film program of the Venice Festival. In the same year, Serebrennikov became artistic director of the Moscow Drama Theater. Gogol, and in 2015, after the announcement of the reformatting of the theater into the Gogol Center, he headed it. Under the auspices of the Gogol Center, he staged the performances “Idiots”, “Dead Souls”, “Ordinary History” and others. The theater’s program also regularly includes film screenings, concerts, lectures and discussions open to all.

In 2015, viewers of Bekmambetov’s action-packed film “Hardcore” could see Serebrennikov in the tiny role of a tank driver. The director sat in the tank all day, and as a gesture of goodwill, he did not take any fee for the work.

In 2016, Serebrennikov directed the film “The Apprentice,” which, as expected, received awards at the Cannes and Kinotavr film festivals.

In the fall of 2016, Kirill, together with the French cognac house Remy Martin, presented a film that became part of the international film project One Life / Live Them. The project was about people who are successfully trying to realize themselves in several areas at the same time.

As part of the celebration of the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare, Serebrennikov presented his version of the play “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” at the Winzavod Center for Contemporary Art. In the photo: Kirill Serebrennikov and Victoria Isakova

Personal life of Kirill Serebrennikov

Kirill prefers not to talk much about his personal life. His wife is the daughter of a capital theater director and an art critic. For her husband, she is a significant critic; he always listens to her opinion. The director doesn’t have children yet, because he considers them suspicious and is a little afraid.

Kirill is a vegetarian, yogi and shopaholic. To search for new ideas, he often visits Berlin. In a country with an unfamiliar environment and language, he says, one thinks better. He loves jokes and Japanese perfumes, he doesn’t like riding in elevators and the word “fashionable.”

Kirill Serebrennikov now

In May 2017, the director’s apartment, the Gogol Center and the Winzavod art space were searched by Investigative Committee officers. Initially, Serebrennikov was a witness in a fraud case, and suspicion fell on the chief accountant of the Seventh Studio, Nina Maslyaeva.

However, on August 22, 2017, Kirill Serebrennikov was detained in St. Petersburg on suspicion of embezzling 68 million in budget funds allocated for the implementation of the Platform project and taken to Moscow. He is charged with fraud on an especially large scale.

There are plans to release a new film by Kirill Serebrennikov, dedicated to the leader of the Kino group, Viktor Tsoi, “Summer”. Work on the film was interrupted due to the director’s arrest, but in September 2017 his house arrest measure was relaxed and he was able to return to his main activities. The main role is played by German actor of Korean origin Theo Yu, also starring the leader of the group “Beasts” Roman Bilyk and Irina Starshenbaum. The film was included in the Cannes Film Festival program.

Kirill Semyonovich Moskalenko(April 28, 1902, village of Grishino, Ekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire - June 17, 1985, Moscow, USSR) - Soviet military leader, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Marshal of the Soviet Union. Member of the CPSU Central Committee (1956-1985). Deputy of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 2-11 convocations (1946-1985) from the RSFSR (11th convocation).

Biography

Kirill Semyonovich Moskalenko was born on May 11 (April 28, old style) 1902 in the village of Grishino, Bakhmut district, Ekaterinoslav province of the Russian Empire (now part of the Pokrovsky district of the Donetsk region of Ukraine). Ukrainian. From a peasant family.

He graduated from a four-year primary rural school, two classes from the Ministry of Education College (“Ministerial School”). From 1919 to 1919 he studied at the agricultural school at Yama station near Bakhmut, where, as he later recalled, the poet V.N. Sosyura studied with him at the same time. He was forced to interrupt his studies due to the outbreak of the Civil War.

He returned to his native village and worked in the village revolutionary committee. When the territory of the province was captured by the troops of the Volunteer Army of General A.I. Denikin, he went into hiding due to the threat of execution. After the village was occupied by the Red Army in August 1920, he joined its ranks.

Participation in the Civil War and the first peaceful years

He graduated from the artillery department of the Kharkov United School of Red Chief Petty Officers (1922), advanced training courses for the command staff of the Red Army artillery in Leningrad (1928), and the faculty of advanced training for senior command personnel of the Military Academy. F. E. Dzerzhinsky (1939). While studying in Kharkov, as part of the school, he participated in battles with gangs in the Don and Donbass.

1920-1930s

The Great Patriotic War

In October 1942, he was appointed commander of the 40th Army, commanding which in 1943 he participated in the Ostrogozh-Rossoshan operation, the first liberation of Kharkov, the Battle of Kursk, and the crossing of the Dnieper.

Kirill Semyonovich Moskalenko died on June 17, 1985 in Moscow. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Kirill Semyonovich Moskalenko, later Marshal of the Soviet Union, was a participant in the civil war. An artilleryman by main profession, he graduated from 3 military educational institutions. He began the Great Patriotic War as commander of an artillery brigade of anti-tank defense, then commanded corps (rifle and cavalry), a cavalry-mechanized group, combined arms and tank armies. From the very beginning of the war at the front, in the battles for Ukraine, the Don and the Lower Volga, he gained a wealth of experience and noticeably grew as a commander. This had a positive effect on offensive battles.

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky The work of a lifetime. Second edition, expanded. - M: Publishing House of Political Literature, 1975. P.306.

Memory

External images
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	in Moscow
	in Vinnitsa
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• The Poltava Military School of Communications was named after him.
• Honorary citizen of the city of Tiraspol.
• Marshal Moskalenko Street in Pokrovsk, Gorlovka, Vinnitsa.
• Bronze bust in Pokrovsk (Ukraine).

Awards

• Hero of the Soviet Union (Gold Star Medal No. 2002, decree of October 23, 1943);
• twice Hero of the Soviet Union (Gold Star Medal No. 105, decree dated February 21, 1978);
• seven Orders of Lenin (07/22/1941, 10/23/1943, 11/6/1945, 03/7/1962, 05/10/1972, 02/21/1978, 05/10/1982);
• Order of the October Revolution (02/22/1968);
• five Orders of the Red Banner (04/07/1940, 08/27/1943, 11/3/1944, 11/15/1950, 01/28/1954);
• two Orders of Suvorov, 1st degree (01/28/1943, 05/23/1943);
• two Orders of Kutuzov, 1st degree (05/29/1944, 08/25/1944);
• Order of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, 1st degree (01/10/1944);
• Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (04/06/1985);
• Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd degree (04/30/1975);
• fifteen USSR medals;
• Hero of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (10/3/1969);
• twenty-eight orders and medals of other states:
  • honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

Military ranks

• Colonel (08/16/1938).
• Brigade commander (April 1940).
• Major General of Artillery (06/06/1940).
• Lieutenant General (01/19/1943).
• Colonel General (09/19/1943).
• Army General (08/03/1953).
• Marshal of the Soviet Union (03/11/1955).

Works

• K. S. Moskalenko. In the South-Western direction. - M.: Nauka, 1969.
• Marshal K. S. Moskalenko. The failure of the counter-offensive of fascist German troops near Kiev in November 1943 // "Military Historical Journal", No. 3, 1972. pp. 61-69

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Notes

Literature

• Adaptive radio communication line - Object air defense / [under the general. ed. N. V. Ogarkova]. - M. : Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1978. - 686 p. - (Soviet Military Encyclopedia: [in 8 volumes]; 1976-1980, vol. 5).
• Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. collegium I. N. Shkadov. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1988. - T. 2 /Lyubov - Yashchuk/. - 863 p. - 100,000 copies.
• - ISBN 5-203-00536-2.
• / ed. M. M. Kozlova. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - 832 p. - 500,000 copies.
• Marshals of the Soviet Union: personal stories tell. M., 1996.

Marshal A. M. Vasilevsky. More than half a century in service (on the 70th anniversary of Marshal of the Soviet Union K.S. Moskalenko) // Military Historical Journal, No. 5, 1972. pp. 44-48

Sources

• . Website "Heroes of the Country".

[ivanovskaya-volost.rf/biblioteka/moskalenko/ Moskalenko K.S. In the South-Western direction. Memoirs of an army commander. Book I. - M.: Nauka, 1969]. Russian Empire (1864-1917) Russian Republic (1917) RSFSR and USSR (1917-1991) Muralov (1917-1919) Natsarenus (1919) Burdukov (1919-1920) Petryaev (1920-1921) Muralov (1921-1924) Voroshilov (1924-1925) Bazilevich (1925-1927) Shaposhnikov (1927-1928) Kuibyshev (1928) Uborevich (1928-1929) Cork (1929-1935) Gorbachev (1935-1936) Belov (1936-1937) (1963-1968) (1989-1991) Budyonny (1937-1940)

Russian Federation (1991-2010)

Quickly in the semi-darkness they dismantled the horses, tightened the girths and sorted out the teams. Denisov stood at the guardhouse, giving the last orders. The party's infantry, slapping a hundred feet, marched forward along the road and quickly disappeared between the trees in the predawn fog. Esaul ordered something to the Cossacks. Petya held his horse on the reins, impatiently awaiting the order to mount. Washed with cold water, his face, especially his eyes, burned with fire, a chill ran down his back, and something in his whole body trembled quickly and evenly.
- Well, is everything ready for you? - Denisov said. - Give us the horses.
The horses were brought in. Denisov became angry with the Cossack because the girths were weak, and, scolding him, sat down. Petya took hold of the stirrup. The horse, out of habit, wanted to bite his leg, but Petya, not feeling his weight, quickly jumped into the saddle and, looking back at the hussars who were moving behind in the darkness, rode up to Denisov.
- Vasily Fedorovich, will you entrust me with something? Please... for God's sake... - he said. Denisov seemed to have forgotten about Petya’s existence. He looked back at him.
“I ask you about one thing,” he said sternly, “to obey me and not to interfere anywhere.”
During the entire journey, Denisov did not speak a word to Petya and rode in silence. When we arrived at the edge of the forest, the field was noticeably getting lighter. Denisov spoke in a whisper with the esaul, and the Cossacks began to drive past Petya and Denisov. When they had all passed, Denisov started his horse and rode downhill. Sitting on their hindquarters and sliding, the horses descended with their riders into the ravine. Petya rode next to Denisov. The trembling throughout his body intensified. It became lighter and lighter, only the fog hid distant objects. Moving down and looking back, Denisov nodded his head to the Cossack standing next to him.
- Signal! - he said.
The Cossack raised his hand and a shot rang out. And at the same instant, the tramp of galloping horses was heard in front, screams from different sides and more shots.
At the same instant as the first sounds of stomping and screaming were heard, Petya, hitting his horse and releasing the reins, not listening to Denisov, who was shouting at him, galloped forward. It seemed to Petya that it suddenly dawned as brightly as the middle of the day at that moment when the shot was heard. He galloped towards the bridge. Cossacks galloped along the road ahead. On the bridge he encountered a lagging Cossack and rode on. Some people ahead - they must have been French - were running from the right side of the road to the left. One fell into the mud under the feet of Petya's horse.
Cossacks crowded around one hut, doing something. A terrible scream was heard from the middle of the crowd. Petya galloped up to this crowd, and the first thing he saw was the pale face of a Frenchman with a shaking lower jaw, holding onto the shaft of a lance pointed at him.
“Hurray!.. Guys... ours...” Petya shouted and, giving the reins to the overheated horse, galloped forward down the street.
Shots were heard ahead. Cossacks, hussars and ragged Russian prisoners, running from both sides of the road, were all shouting something loudly and awkwardly. A handsome Frenchman, without a hat, with a red, frowning face, in a blue overcoat, fought off the hussars with a bayonet. When Petya galloped up, the Frenchman had already fallen. I was late again, Petya flashed in his head, and he galloped to where frequent shots were heard. Shots rang out in the courtyard of the manor house where he was with Dolokhov last night. The French sat down there behind a fence in a dense garden overgrown with bushes and fired at the Cossacks crowded at the gate. Approaching the gate, Petya, in the powder smoke, saw Dolokhov with a pale, greenish face, shouting something to the people. “Take a detour! Wait for the infantry!” - he shouted, while Petya drove up to him.
“Wait?.. Hurray!..” Petya shouted and, without hesitating a single minute, galloped to the place from where the shots were heard and where the powder smoke was thicker. A volley was heard, empty bullets squealed and hit something. The Cossacks and Dolokhov galloped after Petya through the gates of the house. The French, in the swaying thick smoke, some threw down their weapons and ran out of the bushes to meet the Cossacks, others ran downhill to the pond. Petya galloped on his horse along the manor's yard and, instead of holding the reins, strangely and quickly waved both arms and fell further and further out of the saddle to one side. The horse, running into the fire smoldering in the morning light, rested, and Petya fell heavily onto the wet ground. The Cossacks saw how quickly his arms and legs twitched, despite the fact that his head did not move. The bullet pierced his head.
After talking with the senior French officer, who came out to him from behind the house with a scarf on his sword and announced that they were surrendering, Dolokhov got off his horse and approached Petya, who was lying motionless, with his arms outstretched.
“Ready,” he said, frowning, and went through the gate to meet Denisov, who was coming towards him.
- Killed?! - Denisov cried out, seeing from afar the familiar, undoubtedly lifeless position in which Petya’s body lay.
“Ready,” Dolokhov repeated, as if pronouncing this word gave him pleasure, and quickly went to the prisoners, who were surrounded by dismounted Cossacks. - We won’t take it! – he shouted to Denisov.
Denisov did not answer; he rode up to Petya, got off his horse and with trembling hands turned Petya’s already pale face, stained with blood and dirt, towards him.
“I’m used to something sweet. Excellent raisins, take them all,” he remembered. And the Cossacks looked back in surprise at the sounds similar to the barking of a dog, with which Denisov quickly turned away, walked up to the fence and grabbed it.
Among the Russian prisoners recaptured by Denisov and Dolokhov was Pierre Bezukhov.

During the entire movement from Moscow, there was no new order from the French authorities about the party of prisoners in which Pierre was. This party on October 22 was no longer with the same troops and convoys with which it left Moscow. Half of the convoy with breadcrumbs, which followed them during the first marches, was repulsed by the Cossacks, the other half went ahead; there were no more foot cavalrymen who walked in front; they all disappeared. The artillery, which had been visible ahead during the first marches, was now replaced by a huge convoy of Marshal Junot, escorted by the Westphalians. Behind the prisoners was a convoy of cavalry equipment.
From Vyazma, the French troops, previously marching in three columns, now marched in one heap. Those signs of disorder that Pierre noticed at the first stop from Moscow have now reached the last degree.
The road along which they walked was littered with dead horses on both sides; ragged people lagging behind different teams, constantly changing, then joined, then again lagged behind the marching column.
Several times during the campaign there were false alarms, and the soldiers of the convoy raised their guns, shot and ran headlong, crushing each other, but then they gathered again and scolded each other for their vain fear.
These three gatherings, marching together - the cavalry depot, the prisoner depot and Junot's train - still formed something separate and integral, although both of them, and the third, were quickly melting away.
The depot, which had initially contained one hundred and twenty carts, now had no more than sixty left; the rest were repulsed or abandoned. Several carts from Junot's convoy were also abandoned and recaptured. Three carts were plundered by the backward soldiers from Davout's corps who came running. From conversations of the Germans, Pierre heard that this convoy was put on guard more than the prisoners, and that one of their comrades, a German soldier, was shot on the orders of the marshal himself because a silver spoon that belonged to the marshal was found on the soldier.
Of these three gatherings, the prisoner depot melted the most. Of the three hundred and thirty people who left Moscow, there were now less than a hundred left. The prisoners were even more of a burden to the escorting soldiers than the saddles of the cavalry depot and Junot's baggage train. Junot’s saddles and spoons, they understood that they could be useful for something, but why did the hungry and cold soldiers of the convoy stand guard and guard the same cold and hungry Russians who were dying and lagged behind on the road, whom they were ordered to shoot? not only incomprehensible, but also disgusting. And the guards, as if afraid in the sad situation in which they themselves were, not to give in to their feeling of pity for the prisoners and thereby worsen their situation, treated them especially gloomily and strictly.
In Dorogobuzh, while the convoy soldiers, having locked the prisoners in a stable, went off to rob their own stores, several captured soldiers dug under the wall and ran away, but were captured by the French and shot.
The previous order, introduced upon leaving Moscow, for captured officers to march separately from the soldiers, had long been destroyed; all those who could walk walked together, and Pierre, from the third transition, had already united again with Karataev and the lilac bow-legged dog, which had chosen Karataev as its owner.
Karataev, on the third day of leaving Moscow, developed the same fever from which he was lying in the Moscow hospital, and as Karataev weakened, Pierre moved away from him. Pierre didn’t know why, but since Karataev began to weaken, Pierre had to make an effort on himself to approach him. And approaching him and listening to those quiet moans with which Karataev usually lay down at rest, and feeling the now intensified smell that Karataev emitted from himself, Pierre moved away from him and did not think about him.
In captivity, in a booth, Pierre learned not with his mind, but with his whole being, life, that man was created for happiness, that happiness is in himself, in the satisfaction of natural human needs, and that all unhappiness comes not from lack, but from excess; but now, in these last three weeks of the campaign, he learned another new, comforting truth - he learned that there is nothing terrible in the world. He learned that just as there is no situation in which a person would be happy and completely free, there is also no situation in which he would be unhappy and not free. He learned that there is a limit to suffering and a limit to freedom, and that this limit is very close; that the man who suffered because one leaf was wrapped in his pink bed suffered in the same way as he suffered now, falling asleep on the bare, damp earth, cooling one side and warming the other; that when he used to put on his narrow ballroom shoes, he suffered in exactly the same way as now, when he walked completely barefoot (his shoes had long since become disheveled), with feet covered with sores. He learned that when, as it seemed to him, he had married his wife of his own free will, he was no more free than now, when he was locked in the stable at night. Of all the things that he later called suffering, but which he hardly felt then, the main thing was his bare, worn, scabby feet. (Horse meat was tasty and nutritious, the saltpeter bouquet of gunpowder, used instead of salt, was even pleasant, there was not much cold, and during the day it was always hot while walking, and at night there were fires; the lice that ate the body warmed pleasantly.) One thing was hard. at first it’s the legs.
On the second day of the march, after examining his sores by the fire, Pierre thought it impossible to step on them; but when everyone got up, he walked with a limp, and then, when he warmed up, he walked without pain, although in the evening it was even worse to look at his legs. But he did not look at them and thought about something else.
Now only Pierre understood the full power of human vitality and the saving power of moving attention invested in a person, similar to that saving valve in steam engines that releases excess steam as soon as its density exceeds a known norm.
He did not see or hear how the backward prisoners were shot, although more than a hundred of them had already died in this way. He did not think about Karataev, who was weakening every day and, obviously, was soon to suffer the same fate. Pierre thought even less about himself. The more difficult his situation became, the more terrible the future was, the more, regardless of the situation in which he was, joyful and soothing thoughts, memories and ideas came to him.

On the 22nd, at noon, Pierre was walking uphill along a dirty, slippery road, looking at his feet and at the unevenness of the path. From time to time he glanced at the familiar crowd surrounding him, and again at his feet. Both were equally his own and familiar to him. The lilac, bow-legged Gray ran merrily along the side of the road, occasionally, as proof of his agility and contentment, tucking his hind paw and jumping on three and then again on all four, rushing and barking at the crows that were sitting on the carrion. Gray was more fun and smoother than in Moscow. On all sides lay the meat of various animals - from human to horse, in varying degrees of decomposition; and the walking people kept the wolves away, so Gray could eat as much as he wanted.
It had been raining since the morning, and it seemed that it would pass and clear the sky, but after a short stop the rain began to fall even more heavily. The rain-saturated road no longer absorbed water, and streams flowed along the ruts.
Pierre walked, looking around, counting steps in threes, and counting on his fingers. Turning to the rain, he internally said: come on, come on, give it more, give it more.
It seemed to him that he was not thinking about anything; but far and deep somewhere his soul thought something important and comforting. This was something of a subtle spiritual extract from his conversation with Karataev yesterday.
Yesterday, at a night halt, chilled by the extinguished fire, Pierre stood up and moved to the nearest, better-burning fire. By the fire, to which he approached, Plato was sitting, covering his head with an overcoat like a chasuble, and telling the soldiers in his argumentative, pleasant, but weak, painful voice a story familiar to Pierre. It was already past midnight. This was the time at which Karataev usually recovered from a feverish attack and was especially animated. Approaching the fire and hearing Plato’s weak, painful voice and seeing his pitiful face brightly illuminated by the fire, something unpleasantly pricked Pierre’s heart. He was frightened by his pity for this man and wanted to leave, but there was no other fire, and Pierre, trying not to look at Plato, sat down near the fire.
- How's your health? - he asked.
- How's your health? “God will not allow you to die because of your illness,” said Karataev and immediately returned to the story he had begun.
“...And so, my brother,” Plato continued with a smile on his thin, pale face and with a special, joyful sparkle in his eyes, “here, my brother...”
Pierre knew this story for a long time, Karataev told this story to him alone six times, and always with a special, joyful feeling. But no matter how well Pierre knew this story, he now listened to it as if it were something new, and that quiet delight that Karataev apparently felt while telling it was also communicated to Pierre. This story was about an old merchant who lived decently and God-fearingly with his family and who one day went with a friend, a rich merchant, to Makar.
Stopping at an inn, both merchants fell asleep, and the next day the merchant's comrade was found stabbed to death and robbed. A bloody knife was found under the old merchant's pillow. The merchant was tried, punished with a whip and, having pulled out his nostrils - in the proper order, said Karataev - he was sent to hard labor.
“And so, my brother” (Pierre caught Karataev’s story at this point), this case has been going on for ten years or more. An old man lives in hard labor. As follows, he submits and does no harm. He only asks God for death. - Fine. And if they get together at night, the convicts are just like you and me, and the old man is with them. And the conversation turned to who is suffering for what, and why is God to blame. They began to say, that one lost a soul, that one lost two, that one set it on fire, that one ran away, no way. They began to ask the old man: why are you suffering, grandpa? I, my dear brothers, he says, suffer for my own and for people’s sins. But I didn’t destroy any souls, I didn’t take anyone else’s property, other than giving away to the poor brethren. I, my dear brothers, am a merchant; and had great wealth. So and so, he says. And he told them how the whole thing happened, in order. “I don’t worry about myself,” he says. It means God found me. One thing, he says, I feel sorry for my old woman and children. And so the old man began to cry. If that same person happened to be in their company, it means that he killed the merchant. Where did grandpa say he was? When, in what month? I asked everything. His heart ached. Approaches the old man in this manner - a clap on the feet. For me, he says, old man, you are disappearing. The truth is true; innocently in vain, he says, guys, this man is suffering. “I did the same thing,” he says, “and put a knife under your sleepy head.” Forgive me, he says, grandfather, for Christ’s sake.
Karataev fell silent, smiling joyfully, looking at the fire, and straightened the logs.
- The old man says: God will forgive you, but we are all sinners to God, I suffer for my sins. He himself began to cry bitter tears. What do you think, falcon,” Karataev said, beaming brighter and brighter with an enthusiastic smile, as if what he now had to tell contained the main charm and the whole meaning of the story, “what do you think, falcon, this killer, the one in charge, has appeared . I, he says, ruined six souls (I was a big villain), but most of all I feel sorry for this old man. Let him not cry at me. Showed up: they wrote it off, sent the paper as it should. The place is far away, until the trial and the case, until all the papers have been written off as they should, according to the authorities, that is. It reached the king. So far, the royal decree has come: to release the merchant, give him awards, as much as they were awarded. The paper arrived and they began to look for the old man. Where did such an old man suffer innocently in vain? The paper came from the king. They started looking. – Karataev’s lower jaw trembled. - And God already forgave him - he died. So, falcon,” Karataev finished and looked ahead for a long time, silently smiling.
Not this story itself, but its mysterious meaning, that enthusiastic joy that shone in Karataev’s face at this story, the mysterious meaning of this joy, it was now vaguely and joyfully filling Pierre’s soul.

– A vos places! [Get to your places!] - a voice suddenly shouted.
There was a joyful confusion and expectation of something happy and solemn between the prisoners and the guards. The shouts of the command were heard from all sides, and on the left side, trotting around the prisoners, cavalrymen appeared, well dressed, on good horses. On all their faces there was an expression of the tension that people have when they are close to higher authorities. The prisoners huddled together and were pushed off the road; The guards lined up.