“We’ll see you tomorrow morning”, “we’ll call you in the morning”... We use such phrases quite often, only then it often turns out that everyone’s morning begins and ends at different times. How much time can really be considered morning?

In fact, it’s hard to say for sure when the morning begins. There are a lot of definitions - folk, astronomical, official - and each of them in its own way defines the boundaries between times of day. Some people generally use a simple principle “When I woke up, then it was morning”, so it turns out that for some, morning is five o’clock in the evening.

Until man began to use artificial lighting, morning began with sunrise, and evening began with sunset. Duration daylight hours determined the length of the “working” day. Some people still use this distinction, but the times of dawn and sunset shift depending on the time of year - the division of the time of day is too unclear. In addition, it is not clear how to draw the line between evening and night, morning and day. That is, it is clear when the morning begins, but it is impossible to objectively determine when it ends and the day begins.

In addition, each language has its own set expressions related to time of day. For example, in Russian they say “two o’clock in the morning,” but in most cases they say “four o’clock in the morning,” that is, four o’clock is already morning, although in winter it may still be dark outside the window at this time. But, unfortunately, such descriptive constructions do not help to clearly distinguish between morning and day, evening and night: it happens that someone is used to saying “three o’clock in the morning,” and someone is used to saying “three o’clock in the morning.”

And in many English-speaking (and not only) countries it is generally customary to use 12 hour clock, and divide the day into only two periods - before noon (a.m., ante meridiem) and after noon (p.m., post meridiem). It is not customary for them to use descriptive constructions (although this does not mean that they do not use them at all), so the problem of dividing the time of day remains.

So it turns out that every country, and even every person has his own subjective perception of time of day, associated with the customs of the country and one’s own daily routine. For example, most office workers associate morning with the beginning of the working day, afternoon with the lunch break, and evening with the end of the working day.

But still, is it possible to somehow bring this into unified system , and distinguish between the times of day in order to clearly understand when the morning begins and ends? This way a lot of misunderstandings could be avoided!

In the majority European countries A single division of the day is accepted. According to this division, the day is divided into four equal intervals of six hours each. It turns out that the times of day are distributed as follows:

  • from 0 to 6 o'clock - night
  • from 6 to 12 o'clock - morning
  • from 12 to 18 o'clock - day
  • from 18 to 24 hours - evening

It is reasonable to use such a system, for example, when business communication, when you need to be 100% sure that the morning of the customer and the contractor coincides: it happens that the contractor is sure that he sent the work to the customer in the morning, as agreed, but at that time it is already day for the customer. And how will you understand who is right and who is wrong if everyone judges by their own criteria? This is why we need a pan-European system - so as not to wonder “When does the morning end and the day begin?”

Day is an ambiguous concept. “Day” can be understood as the morning of the next day or as lunch time, that is, noon. In the usual sense, noon begins at 12 o'clock and ends at 17, at which time it is not even recommended to sunbathe on hot days. But the beginning of a new day varies within different limits for everyone.

What time do you like to start your day? On weekdays, little depends on your desire, because if you need to get up at 6, despite being sleepy, you will do it. What about the weekend? Here, most likely, the day starts at different times, depending on when you wake up.

In fact, getting up at 6-8 am is one of the best ways to start the day. According to doctors, people who get up at this time feel the maximum surge of strength and energy, which affects, first of all, the efficiency of the coming day and the health of the entire body. But it is also important to take into account that sleep should ideally last at least 8 hours, so you will have to go to bed much earlier. Therefore, if you cannot get up before 9 am, then do not be upset, because this also has its advantages. For example, you go to bed around 12 o'clock at night, which means you have time to do a lot of important things in the evening, because most of the big ideas come to some people at this time of day.

Nowadays, getting up, especially on weekends, at a certain time is quite difficult, especially since we must not forget that there are people who are night owls who can only fall asleep after 12 o’clock at night. Bustle, a large number of affairs, the tendency to irregular working hours, unstable weather - all this leads to the fact that we cannot always control the start of our own day. Of course, it is best to make it a rule not to wake up later than 11-12 hours, since doctors say that the chances of leading a healthy and active lifestyle with this regime are much less. There are many techniques that allow you to stabilize the start time of your day. For example, you can train yourself to fall asleep and wake up at the same time, at first, using an alarm clock.

Enough topical issue in this topic is “What is the best way to start your day?” First of all, I would like to note that, despite all the rules, it is best to start your day with a good night's sleep, because this is the most important thing for the successful implementation of further affairs. So, if this means sacrificing your evening activities, rest assured that it will be worth it. Also an integral component of a successful day is morning exercise. If you have the opportunity to go for a run in the morning, you will fill your body with even more energy and alertness.

It is necessary to start your day with positive emotions, because, as you know, we ourselves model our reality. But doing this is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. We are all human, and we tend to fall asleep with numerous worries about this or that situation, and if there is still a depressive state, then in the morning you can generally wake up with a “heavy head.” And you'll wake up in bad mood, then consider the whole day to go awry. There is a unique way to help you get into a good mood and contribute to a favorable day. Firstly, before you go to bed, try to think about the problems and affairs that have accumulated during the day, so that you can go to bed, as they say, with an “empty head.” Closing your eyes, imagine in great detail your tomorrow the way you would like it to be. And that’s it, after that you can fall asleep. This technique does not always work the first time; it is very important to be emotionally attuned at the moment of visualization.

Finally, I would like to give an example from personal experience. I used to have difficulty waking up on weekends around 11-12, and sometimes later. Recently I began to train myself to get up no later than 10, I do exercises regularly and try to greet the beginning of the day in a good mood. Surprisingly, much more strength and desire to do something appeared. Have a nice day!

“We’ll see you tomorrow morning”, “we’ll call you in the morning”... We use such phrases quite often, only then it often turns out that everyone’s morning begins and ends at different times. How much time can really be considered morning?

In fact, it’s hard to say for sure when the morning begins. There are a lot of definitions - folk, astronomical, official - and each of them in its own way defines the boundaries between times of day. Some people generally use the simple principle “ When I woke up - then it was morning“, so it turns out that for some, morning is five o’clock in the evening.

Until man began to use artificial lighting, morning began with sunrise, and evening began with sunset. The length of daylight hours determined the length of the “working” day. Some people still use this distinction, but the times of dawn and sunset shift depending on the time of year - the division of the time of day is too unclear. In addition, it is not clear how to draw the line between evening and night, morning and day. That is, it is clear when the morning begins, but it is impossible to objectively determine when it ends and the day begins.

In addition, each language has its own stable expressions related to the time of day. For example, in Russian they say “two o’clock in the morning,” but in most cases they say “four o’clock in the morning,” that is, four o’clock is already morning, although in winter it may still be dark outside the window at this time. But, unfortunately, such descriptive constructions do not help to clearly distinguish between morning and day, evening and night: it happens that someone is used to saying “three o’clock in the morning,” and someone is used to saying “three o’clock in the morning.”

And in many English-speaking (and not only) countries it is generally customary to use 12 hour format time, and divide the day into only two periods - before noon (a.m., ante meridiem) and after noon (p.m., post meridiem). It is not customary for them to use descriptive constructions (although this does not mean that they do not use them at all), so the problem of dividing the time of day remains.

So it turns out that every country, and even every person has his own subjective perception of time of day, associated with the customs of the country and one’s own daily routine. For example, most office workers associate morning with the beginning of the working day, afternoon with the lunch break, and evening with the end of the working day.

But still, is it possible to somehow bring this into a unified system and distinguish between the times of day in order to clearly understand when the morning begins and ends? This way a lot of misunderstandings could be avoided!

Most European countries have adopted a single division of the day. According to this division, the day is divided into four equal intervals of six hours each.

It turns out that the times of day are distributed as follows:

  • from 0 to 6 o'clock - night
  • from 6 to 12 o'clock - morning
  • from 12 to 18 o'clock - day
  • from 18 to 24 hours - evening

It is reasonable to use such a system, for example, in business communication, when you need to be 100% sure that the morning of the customer and the contractor coincides: it happens that the contractor is sure that he sent the work to the customer in the morning, as agreed, and the customer It's already day. And how will you understand who is right and who is wrong if everyone judges by their own criteria? This is why we need a pan-European system - so as not to wonder “ When does the morning end and the day begin?»

Having considered the issue, we came to the following conclusion:
Current legislation does not oblige the employer to provide additional payment to employees for working on the evening shift.

Rationale for the conclusion:
Article 149 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation stipulates that when performing work in conditions deviating from normal (when performing work of various qualifications, combining professions (positions), overtime work, night work, weekends and non-working holidays and when performing work in other conditions deviating from normal), the employee is made appropriate payments provided for by labor legislation and other regulatory legal acts containing labor law norms, a collective agreement, agreements, local regulations, and an employment contract. The amounts of payments established by a collective agreement, agreements, local regulations, employment contract cannot be lower than those established by labor legislation and other regulations containing labor law norms.
At the same time, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not mention such a thing as the evening shift, and does not establish the employer’s obligation to pay at an increased rate for work on the evening shift.
Previously, an additional payment for work on the evening shift in the amount of 20% was provided for in clause 9 of Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions dated February 12, 1987 N 194 (hereinafter referred to as Resolution N 194). The procedure for her appointment was determined by the Explanation “On the procedure for applying additional payments and providing additional leave for work in the evening and night shifts, provided for by the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions of February 12, 1987 N 194”, approved by the resolution of the State Labor Committee of the USSR and the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated 05/07/1987 N 294/14-38.
However, the said resolution was in fact not subject to application from the date of entry into force of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2008 N 554, which established the minimum increase in wages for work at night (see also the ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated November 12, 2008 N GKPI08-2113 , letter of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia and Rostrud dated October 28, 2009 N 3201-6-1), and is officially recognized as not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 28, 2011 N 332.
Consequently, additional payment for work in the evening should be made only if this is provided for by a local regulation, collective agreement, agreement or employment contract with the employee (Articles 8 and 9 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). In these cases, the grounds and procedure for applying additional pay for work in the evening are determined by the provisions of these local regulations themselves (collective agreement, agreement, employment contract).

Prepared answer:
Expert of the Legal Consulting Service GARANT
Chernova Anastasia

Response quality control:
Reviewer of the Legal Consulting Service GARANT
Komarova Victoria

The material was prepared on the basis of individual written consultation provided as part of the Legal Consulting service.

Additional pay for working evening and night shifts

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not contain a definition of the concepts “evening time” and “eveningshift" and does not regulate the employer’s obligation to establish increased wagesin evening time.

Previously, additional payment for work on the evening shift was provided for by the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the USSR Council of Ministers, the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions dated February 12, 1987 No. 194 “On the transfer of associations, enterprises and organizations of industry and other sectors National economy to multi-shift operation in order to increase production efficiency.” This Decree has lost force in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 28, 2011 No. 332.

In accordance with Art. 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the time from 22 pm to 6 am is considered night time. In order to reduce the unfavorable factors of working at night, there is a rule according to which the duration of work (shift) at night is reduced by one hour without further work. In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, a night shift is considered to be a shift in which at least half of the work time is at night. The duration of work at night can be equalized with work during the day only in cases where this is caused by production conditions (for example, in shift work with a 6-day working week; in continuous production, etc.).

The duration of night work is not reduced for employees for whom a reduced maximum working time limit has been established. In addition to the exceptions to this rule in Part 3 of Art. 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation stipulates that the duration of night work is not reduced even in the case where an employee is hired specifically for night work. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains only an approximate list of workers who cannot be allowed to work at night.

Night work is paid at an increased rate established by the collective agreement (remuneration regulations) of the organization, but not lower than provided by law.

Article 154 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes that each hour of work at night is paid at an increased rate compared to work under normal conditions, but not lower than the amounts established by laws and other regulatory legal acts. This means that for every hour worked at night, the employee is entitled to an additional payment.

The minimum increase in wages for work at night is established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 22, 2008 No. 554 “On the minimum increase in wages for work at night.” This amount is 20% of the hourly tariff rate (salary per hour) for each hour of work at night. And the specific amounts of the increase are established by the employer, taking into account the opinion of the representative body of employees, a collective or labor agreement.

The duration of work at night is equal to the duration of work during the day in cases where this is necessary due to working conditions, as well as for shift work with a six-day work week with one day off. The list of such works may be determined by a collective agreement or local regulations.

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Let's look at an example. The organization, in accordance with the terms of the collective agreement, makes additional payments to employees for working on the night shift. The collective agreement establishes a 20% surcharge for work on the night shift, which lasts 10 hours: from 22 to 8 o'clock. The employee's official salary is 12,600 rubles. per month. The shift schedule, which is an annex to the collective agreement, establishes that this employee every odd-numbered week works four days on a night shift while maintaining a 40-hour shift working week by providing three days off. In accordance with the time sheet, this employee worked eight night shifts in March 2011.

According to Art. 154 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, each hour of work at night is paid at an increased rate compared to work in normal conditions, but not lower than the amounts established by laws and other regulatory legal acts.

The specific amounts of the increase are established by the employer, taking into account the opinion of the representative body of employees, a collective agreement, and an employment contract. The additional payment to an employee for night work, calculated based on the terms of the collective agreement, is 1,200 rubles. (RUB 12,600 168 hours x 20% x 10 hours x 8 days where 168 hours is the number of working hours for October). Hence, wage employee for March will be 13,800 rubles. (12600 rub. + 1200 rub.).

As for the amounts of additional payment for work at night, for profit tax purposes they relate to labor costs only to the extent made in accordance with the law Russian Federation in accordance with paragraph 3 of Art. 255 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Article 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes that the time from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. is considered night time. Consequently, the amount of additional payment for work at night in accordance with this norm should be 960 rubles in the situation under consideration. (RUB 12,600 168 hours x x 20% x 8 hours x 8 days). In this amount, the additional payment to the employee for work at night is a justified (economically justifiable) expense and reduces the income received in tax accounting in accordance with the norms of paragraph 1 of Art. 252, para. 2 p. 2 art. 253 and paragraph 3 of Art. 255 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Additional payment to the employee for work from 6 to 8 o’clock in the amount of 240 rubles. (1200 rubles – 960 rubles) is not recognized as an economically justified expense and is not taken into account for profit tax purposes.

If an organization uses summarized recording of working hours for certain categories of employees (for example, drivers, security guards), where part of the working day (less than half) falls on night hours and the work is not shift work and is not a six-day period, then night hours should be taken into account separately. And that's why.

As you know, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation requires payment for each hour of work at night at an increased rate compared to work under normal conditions in the amount of at least 20% of the hourly tariff rate (hourly part of the salary). However, there is no direct indication in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation that it is necessary to establish separately additional payments for night work and separately the tariff rate. Therefore, when setting an hourly tariff rate, it can be calculated taking into account the surcharge for night work. At the same time, this option of establishing an hourly tariff rate is not very convenient, especially if the employee is hired to work not only at night. In addition, in the event of an inspection by the labor inspectorate, each time you will have to confirm the fact of increased payment for work at night by calculation. Therefore, it is more convenient to set a separate tariff rate and a separate surcharge for night work.

In practice, there are cases when the employer includes additional payment for night work in the monthly bonus. The consequences of such actions are such that the inclusion of an additional payment for night time in the monthly premium will lead to a distortion of the meaning of Part 1 of Art. 129 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which clearly distinguishes compensation payments, one of the varieties of which is additional payment for work at night, from bonus payments included in the incentive payments.

Article 149 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes the specifics of remuneration for work at night, is intended to compensate the employee for performing work in conditions deviating from normal working conditions. Working at night requires certain additional efforts from the employee, since biologically night time is a time of rest. Accordingly, increased pay for work at such times is not associated by the legislator with the achievement of any production results or the solution of assigned tasks. The very fact of performing work at night gives the employee the right to receive additional payment in an increased amount and is not related to the criteria that determine the payment of bonuses.

As for the surcharge for night time, the analysis of Art. 154 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation allows us to draw the following conclusion: it is not the possibility of being involved in night work that is paid at an increased rate, but directly each hour actually worked.

Therefore, the employer must determine how much it increases pay for exactly one night hour. The possibility of payment for night work by other means is not provided for by labor legislation. This means that the employer is not entitled to set such a fixed amount for night work as may be paid for, for example, professional excellence, class, work with information constituting state secrets, etc. For night work, it is necessary to establish a specific amount of payment per hour of work, which is multiplied by the number of hours worked.

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A different form and procedure for payment for night work will be a violation of labor legislation, namely, Art. 154 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and may entail administrative liability in accordance with Art. 5.27 Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Thus, it is impossible to consider increased wages for night work as part of the bonus. It should be remembered that pregnant women and workers under 18 years of age, women with children under three years of age, disabled people, workers with disabled children, workers caring for sick family members are not allowed to work at night in accordance with medical certificate, mothers and fathers (guardians) raising children under the age of five without a spouse. According to Art. 96 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, such workers can be involved in night work only with their written consent, and also provided that such work is not prohibited for them for medical reasons.

Also on this topic:

We are introducing a multi-shift operating mode at the enterprise. tell me in what cases payment for work in the evening is required

“HR service and personnel management of the enterprise”, 2007, N 4

Question: We are introducing a multi-shift operating mode at the enterprise. Tell us in what cases payment for work in the evening is required.

P.Yu.Proshkina, St. Petersburg

Answer: The Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not determine what work hours should be considered evening; accordingly, there are no direct instructions on the employer’s obligation to pay for evening time.

However, in Art. 149 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides an approximate list of work performed in conditions deviating from normal (performance of work of various qualifications, combination of professions (positions), overtime work, work at night, weekends and non-working holidays and performance of work in other conditions deviating from normal ).

According to the interpretation given by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in Determination No. 48pv-03 of November 19, 2003, working conditions on evening shifts are the same deviation from normal working conditions as working conditions on the night shift. Consequently, working the evening shift requires higher pay.

How much should I pay in this case? As follows from Art. 149 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, such payments must be made in the amount established by labor legislation and other regulatory legal acts containing labor law norms, a collective agreement, agreements, local regulations, and an employment contract.

Such a regulatory legal act is Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions of February 12, 1987 N 194 “On the transition of associations, enterprises and organizations of industry and other sectors of the national economy to a multi-shift operating mode in order to increase production efficiency.” According to paragraph 9 of the said Resolution, additional payments for work on the evening shift should be 20 percent of the hourly tariff rate (official salary) for each hour of work.

This norm, despite the fact that it was adopted long before the Labor Code of the Russian Federation came into force, is valid, which is confirmed by the already mentioned Determination of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2003 N 48pv-03.

Note that from the contents of this Resolution it follows that increased pay is not due to all workers who work in the evening hours, but only to those who work in a multi-shift mode (two- or three-shift work modes). Employees who have a different working schedule are not entitled to increased pay, even if they performed work in the evening.

An additional payment of 20 percent for work in the evening for employees working multiple shifts is a guaranteed legal minimum. A collective agreement, agreement, local regulation, or employment contract may establish a higher wage.

When determining the time limits for evening time, one should be guided by the Explanation of the State Committee for Labor of the USSR, the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated May 7, 1987 N 14/14-38 “On the procedure for applying additional payments and providing additional leave for work in the evening and night shifts, provided for by the Resolution of the CPSU Central Committee, the Council of Ministers USSR and All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated February 12, 1987 N 194"<1>. According to this Clarification, the shift immediately preceding the night shift is considered evening. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation recognizes night time from 22:00 to 6:00 (Article 96). The beginning of the evening shift depends on the accepted number of shifts, as well as the end of the shift recognized as a day shift.

<1>Approved Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Labor and social issues and the Secretariat of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions dated May 7, 1987 N 294/14-38.

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Law office of lawyer V.M. Kalinina

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Terms of payment for evening and night work hours

What is night work and how is it paid?

According to Art. 96 TK, night time is considered to be from 22.00 to 6.00 am. Work during this period is considered night work. The employment contract specifies working hours; the employee signing the contract additionally signs his consent to work at night.

According to Article 154 of the Labor Code, an employee working during the specified time period can count on additional payment for each hour of work. This article refers to Government Decree No. 554 of July 22, 2008, which states that the minimum additional payment is 20% of the hourly rate or salary calculated for 1 hour.

The executive body has set a lower limit beyond which employers have no right to go. But the upper limit may be higher if it is approved in:

  • Collective agreement;
  • In a local act of a specific organization;
  • In the employment contract.

    • That is, organizations themselves can increase additional payments to their employees. We are talking about an additional payment for the watches themselves, and not for quality characteristics; for example, the additional payment is not affected by how much the employee produced.

    Can every adult define what a day is? If you think about it, we often use this word only for the time when we are awake, equating them to the day. But this is not true. It will take very little time to sort this issue out once and for all.

    What do the reference book and dictionary say about this?

    If you look into them, you will find several interpretations of this word. And the first answer to the question of what a day is is the following definition: a unit of time that is equal to the approximate value of the period of revolution of the planet Earth around its axis. Why approximate? Because it is not smooth, but has minutes and even seconds. To be precise, 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds. It is impossible to divide them into an even number of parts. And 24 hours is just a little short.

    But the theory does not stop there. It turns out that a day can be solar and sidereal, planetary and used in civil life.

    In order to determine what a day is, you will need to select any point in time and count 24 hours from it. Usually the counting of the day begins with sunrise, although it is more convenient to count from midnight. That is, from the hour when a new calendar day begins.

    How is the day divided?

    First, into 24 equal parts. From here the answer to the question logically follows: Exactly 24. Each of them consists of 60 minutes. This means there are 1440 minutes in a day. But that's not all, the latter are divided into seconds. Their number turns out to be 86,400.

    Secondly, there is also such a thing as time of day. In other words, morning, afternoon, evening and night. Here the division is no longer as clear as in the previous paragraph. This is due to subjective perception day by every person and different peoples. And technical development has erased the boundaries between the concepts of “morning” and “day”. If earlier morning came with sunrise, because only then could one start working outside, now, with the use of artificial street lighting, one can work in the fresh air even at night.

    And yet technological progress and the ability to communicate with people different countries demanded the introduction of a single division. Therefore, the time of day according to the clock became like this:

    • from midnight to 6 o'clock - night;
    • the next six hours are morning;
    • 6 hours in the afternoon - day;
    • the last six hours are evening.

    What divisions of the day were there in the past?

    The Arab peoples, for example, highlighted the following moments in the development of the day:

    • dawn;
    • Sunrise;
    • the time of its movement across the sky;
    • entry;
    • twilight;
    • the time when there is no sun in the sky, that is, night.

    The next thing in the day is dawn, another name for it is dawn. It precedes the sunrise. That is, during it it is already dawn, but the sun is still hidden behind the horizon.

    The third period is sunrise. It is associated with the direct appearance of the luminary in the sky.

    The culmination of the sun's movement is associated with the next time of day - noon. Toward evening comes the time that is commonly called “before dark.” By analogy with the term “dark,” this is the period when it is still light.

    Sunset refers to the time when the sun disappears below the horizon. Immediately after sunset, semi-darkness sets in, which is commonly called twilight.

    What's bigger than a day?

    It is logical that week, month and year. Therefore, after solving the question of what a day is, you will want to understand the definitions of other units of time.

    The smallest of them is a week. It consists of seven days. The calendar starts from Monday and ends on Sunday. But it can be any sequence of seven consecutive days.

    A slightly larger month. It contains from 28 to 31 days. The difference in this amount depends on the non-integer value of the lunar month, which is slightly more than twenty-eight days. Initially, the number of days in the months alternated and was either 30 or 31. And one, the last of the year - February - turned out to be the shortest. It had 29 days. But over time it happened minor changes. One of the months - July - was named in honor of Julius Caesar (the emperor was born in this month). Augustus replaced the ruler. By the decision of the emperor, one of the summer months began to bear his name. The number of days in it was also changed to 31. It was decided to take it away from the month that was already the shortest. So, February became another day shorter.

    The largest unit of time in the calendar was the year. And it also turned out to be not an integer. Therefore, its value ranges from 365 to 366. The first value is taken for common years, and the second corresponds to leap years. The latter make it possible for February to become somewhat longer. Namely, exactly for a day.