Explosion of the Winter Palace in 1880. Failed regicide. Explosion in the Winter Palace

IN . Khalturin lived in the basement of the Winter Palace. By February 5 of the following year, he managed to smuggle in parts into the basement of the imperial palace about 2 pounds, manufactured in the underground laboratory of the Narodnaya Volya members.

The bomb was detonated using a fuse. Directly above his room there was a guardhouse, and even higher, on the second floor, there was a dining room in which Alexander II was going to have lunch. They were expecting the Empress's brother for lunch, but his train was half an hour late.

The explosion caught the emperor, who was meeting the prince, in the Small Field Marshal's Hall, far from the dining room. A dynamite explosion destroyed the ceiling between the ground and first floors. The floors of the palace guardhouse collapsed (modern hall No. 26). The double brick vaults between the first and second floors of the palace withstood the impact of the blast wave. No one was injured in the mezzanine, but the explosion lifted the floors, knocked out many window panes, and the lights went out. In the dining room or Yellow Room of the Third Spare Half of the Winter Palace (modern room No. 160, the decoration has not been preserved), a wall cracked, a chandelier fell on the set table, and everything was covered with lime and plaster.

As a result of the explosion in the lower floor of the palace, 11 military personnel who were on guard that day in the palace of the lower ranks, stationed on Vasilievsky Island, were killed, 56 people were injured. Despite their own wounds and injuries, the surviving sentries remained in their places and even upon the arrival of the called shift, they did not give up their places to the arrivals until they were replaced by their breeding corporal, who was also wounded in the explosion. All those who died were heroes of the recently ended war.

sergeant major Kirill Dmitriev,
non-commissioned officer Efim Belonin,
bugler Ivan Antonov,
Corporal Tikhon Feoktistov,
Corporal Boris Leletsky,
Private Fyodor Solovyov,
Private Vladimir Shukshin,
Private Danila Senin,
Private Ardalion Zakharov,
Private Grigory Zhuravlev,
Private Semyon Koshelev.

According to some reports, one footman, who was in the room next to the guardhouse, died.

The dead were buried in mass grave on which, on a platform lined with granite, was installed. By a personal Decree of the Emperor, all soldiers on this guard were presented with awards, cash payments and other incentives. By the same Decree, Alexander II ordered the families of the killed guardsmen to be “enrolled in eternal boarding.”

On February 7, despite the severe frost and the danger of a new assassination attempt, the emperor went to the Smolensk cemetery for the funeral. Five days later, on February 12 () of the year, an emergency state body was established to prevent terrorist activity -.

In September 1879, Narodnaya Volya member S.N. Khalturin, using forged documents, got a job as a carpenter in the Winter Palace. Khalturin lived in the basement of the Winter Palace. By February 5 of the following year, he managed to smuggle in parts into the basement of the imperial palace about 2 pounds of dynamite, manufactured in an underground laboratory of the Narodnaya Volya members.

The bomb was detonated using a fuse. Directly above his room there was a guardhouse, and even higher, on the second floor, there was a dining room in which Alexander II was going to have lunch. The Prince of Hesse, brother of Empress Maria Alexandrovna, was expected for lunch, but his train was half an hour late.

The explosion caught the emperor, who was meeting the prince, in the Small Field Marshal's Hall, far from the dining room. A dynamite explosion destroyed the ceiling between the ground and first floors. The floors of the palace guardhouse collapsed (modern Hermitage Hall No. 26). The double brick vaults between the first and second floors of the palace withstood the impact of the blast wave. No one was injured in the mezzanine, but the explosion lifted the floors, knocked out many window panes, and the lights went out. In the dining room or Yellow Room of the Third Spare Half of the Winter Palace (modern Hermitage Hall No. 160, the decoration has not been preserved), a wall cracked, a chandelier fell on the set table, and everything was covered with lime and plaster.

As a result of the explosion in the lower floor of the palace, 11 servicemen who were on guard duty in the palace that day of the lower ranks of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment, stationed on Vasilyevsky Island, were killed, and 56 people were wounded. Despite their own wounds and injuries, the surviving sentries remained in their places and even upon the arrival of the called shift from the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, they did not give up their places to the newcomers until they were replaced by their distributing corporal, who was also wounded in the explosion. All those killed were heroes of the recently ended Russian-Turkish war.

Died:
.

sergeant major Kirill Dmitriev,

non-commissioned officer Efim Belonin,

bugler Ivan Antonov,

Corporal Tikhon Feoktistov,

Corporal Boris Leletsky,

Private Fyodor Solovyov,

Private Vladimir Shukshin,

Private Danila Senin,

Private Ardalion Zakharov,

Private Grigory Zhuravlev,

Private Semyon Koshelev.
.

According to some reports, one footman, who was in the room next to the guardhouse, died.

The dead were buried in a mass grave at the Smolensk cemetery in St. Petersburg, on which, on a platform lined with granite, the Monument to the Finnish Heroes was erected. By a personal Decree of the Emperor, all soldiers on this guard were presented with awards, cash payments and other incentives. By the same Decree, Alexander II ordered the families of the killed guardsmen to be “enrolled in eternal boarding.”
.

On February 7, despite the severe frost and the danger of a new assassination attempt, the emperor went to the Smolensk cemetery for the funeral. Five days later, on February 12 (24), 1880, an emergency government body, the Supreme Administrative Commission, was established to prevent terrorist activity.

Explosion in Winter Palace (18:22; February 5, 1880) - a terrorist attack directed against Russian Emperor Alexander II, organized by members of the People's Will movement. Khalturin lived in the basement of the Winter Palace, where he carried up to 30 kg of dynamite. The bomb was detonated using a fuse. Directly above his room there was a guardhouse, even higher, on the second floor, the dining room in which Alexander II gathered to dine. The Prince of Hesse was expected for lunch, but his train was half an hour late. The explosion caught the emperor at the door of the dining room. The explosion broke the ceiling between the basement and the first floor; the ceiling between the first and second floors withstood the impact of the blast wave. As a result of the explosion, 11 servicemen who were on guard duty that day in the palace of the lower ranks of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment, stationed on Vasilievsky Island, were killed, and 56 people were injured. Despite their own wounds and injuries, the surviving sentries remained in their places and even upon the arrival of the called shift from the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, they did not give up their places to the newcomers until they were replaced by their distributing corporal, who was also wounded in the explosion.

· sergeant major Kirill Dmitriev,

· non-commissioned officer Efim Belonin,

· bugler Ivan Antonov,

Corporal Tikhon Feoktistov,

Corporal Boris Leletsky,

· Private Fyodor Solovyov,

Private Vladimir Shukshin,

· Private Danila Senin,

Private Ardalion Zakharov,

Private Grigory Zhuravlev,

· Private Semyon Koshelev.

On February 7, despite the severe frost and the danger of a new assassination attempt, the Emperor went to the Smolensk cemetery for the funeral.

Organization

In September, secret Narodnaya Volya member S.N. Khalturin, using forged documents, got a job as a carpenter in the Winter Palace. By February 5 of the following year, he managed to smuggle in parts into the basement of the dining room of the imperial palace about 2 pounds of dynamite, manufactured in the underground laboratory of the Narodnaya Volya members. After the explosion in the Winter Palace, on February 24 (February 12, old style), an emergency state body was established - the Supreme Administrative Commission.

Bibliography:

1. Mass grave of those killed in the explosion of the Winter Palace in 1880.

2. This day in history: 1880. On February 24 (12), an emergency state body was established - the Supreme Administrative Commission. REGNUM (February 24, 2010).

Explosion in the Winter Palace (1880)

Explosion in the Winter Palace

Location of attack	Russian Empire, St. Petersburg, Winter Palace
Target of attack	Alexander II, Charles of Hesse
date	February 5th 18:22
Method of attack	Explosion
Weapon	explosives (30 kg of dynamite)
Dead	11
Wounded	56
Number of terrorists	1
Terrorists	Stepan Khalturin
Organizers	People's will

Explosion in the Winter Palace(18:22; February 5) - a terrorist attack directed against the Russian Emperor Alexander II, organized by members of the People's Will movement. Khalturin lived in the basement of the Winter Palace, where he carried up to 30 kg of dynamite. The bomb was detonated using a fuse. Directly above his room there was a guardhouse, even higher, on the second floor, the dining room in which Alexander II gathered to dine. The Prince of Hesse was expected for lunch, but his train was half an hour late. The explosion caught the emperor at the door of the dining room. The explosion broke the ceiling between the basement and the first floor; the ceiling between the first and second floors withstood the impact of the blast wave. As a result of the explosion, 11 servicemen who were on guard duty that day in the palace of the lower ranks of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment, stationed on Vasilievsky Island, were killed, and 56 people were injured. Despite their own wounds and injuries, the surviving sentries remained in their places and even upon the arrival of the called shift from the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, they did not give up their places to the newcomers until they were replaced by their distributing corporal, who was also wounded in the explosion.

sergeant major Kirill Dmitriev,
non-commissioned officer Efim Belonin,
bugler Ivan Antonov,
Corporal Tikhon Feoktistov,
Corporal Boris Leletsky,
Private Fyodor Solovyov,
Private Vladimir Shukshin,
Private Danila Senin,
Private Ardalion Zakharov,
Private Grigory Zhuravlev,
Private Semyon Koshelev.

According to some reports, one footman, who was in the room next to the guard room, died.

Monument to the victims of Narodnaya Volya terror nearby.

On February 7, despite the severe frost and the danger of a new assassination attempt, the Emperor went to the Smolensk cemetery for the funeral.

Smolensk Cemetery. Monument to the victims of the Narodnaya Volya terrorist attack

The victims of the attack were buried at the Smolensk Cemetery. In 2010, near the monument, which was badly damaged by vandalism, you can see a sign with the following inscription:

This place is associated with one of the most terrible events in the history of our fatherland. Here lie the first victims of revolutionary terror in Russia: the lower ranks of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment, who were on guard duty in the Winter Palace on February 5 (17), 1880. As a result of the explosion high power 11 people died, organized by the Narodnaya Volya. Here are their names: /follows a list abbreviated as the inscription on the monument/ The victims of the crime were not representatives of the privileged classes, not statesmen. The first blow of the “Narodnaya Volya” on February 5, 1880 was struck against people from the people who were fulfilling their military duty. Here lie those who gave their lives for Russia. The terrorists, in an attempt to kill the Tsar, did not stop at the death of ordinary Russian soldiers, who became the prototype of millions of future innocent victims of the terror that plunged Russia into the abyss. Let's take care of their memory. If these names mean anything to you, pray or just stand silently.

Organization

In September, secret Narodnaya Volya member S.N. Khalturin, using forged documents, got a job as a carpenter in the Winter Palace. By February 5 of the following year, he managed to smuggle in parts into the basement of the imperial palace about 2 pounds of dynamite, manufactured in an underground laboratory of the Narodnaya Volya members. After the explosion in the Winter Palace, on February 24 (February 12, old style), an emergency state body was established - the Supreme Administrative Commission.

Notes

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2010.

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date Method of attack Weapon Dead Wounded Number of terrorists Terrorists Organizers

Explosion in the Winter Palace(18:22; February 5 (17)) - a terrorist act directed against the Russian Emperor Alexander II, organized by members of the “People's Will” movement.

Chronology of events

In September 1879, secret Narodnaya Volya member S.N. Khalturin, using forged documents, got a job as a carpenter in the Winter Palace. By February 5 of the following year, he managed to smuggle in parts into the basement of the imperial palace about 2 pounds of dynamite, manufactured in an underground laboratory of the Narodnaya Volya members.

Khalturin lived in the basement of the Winter Palace, where he carried up to 30 kg of dynamite. The bomb was detonated using a fuse. Directly above his room there was a guardhouse, and even higher, on the second floor, there was a dining room in which Alexander II was going to have lunch. The Prince of Hesse, brother of Empress Maria Alexandrovna, was expected for lunch, but his train was half an hour late.

The explosion caught the emperor, who was meeting the prince, in the Small Field Marshal's Hall, far from the dining room. A dynamite explosion destroyed the ceiling between the ground and first floors. The floors of the palace guardhouse collapsed (modern Hermitage Hall No. 26). The double brick vaults between the first and second floors of the palace withstood the impact of the blast wave. No one was injured in the mezzanine, but the explosion lifted the floors, knocked out many window panes, and the lights went out. In the dining room or Yellow Room of the Third Spare Half of the Winter Palace (modern Hermitage Hall No. 160, the decoration has not been preserved), a wall cracked, a chandelier fell on the set table, and everything was covered with lime and plaster.

As a result of the explosion in the lower floor of the palace, 11 military personnel who were on guard that day in the palace of the lower ranks of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment, stationed on Vasilyevsky Island, were killed, and 56 people were injured. Despite their own wounds and injuries, the surviving sentries remained in their places and even upon the arrival of the called shift from the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, they did not give up their places to the newcomers until they were replaced by their distributing corporal, who was also wounded in the explosion. All those killed were heroes of the recently ended Russian-Turkish war. Died:

sergeant major Kirill Dmitriev,
non-commissioned officer Efim Belonin,
bugler Ivan Antonov,
Corporal Tikhon Feoktistov,
Corporal Boris Leletsky,
Private Fyodor Solovyov,
Private Vladimir Shukshin,
Private Danila Senin,
Private Ardalion Zakharov,
Private Grigory Zhuravlev,
Private Semyon Koshelev.

According to some reports, one footman, who was in the room next to the guardhouse, died.

On February 7, despite the severe frost and the danger of a new assassination attempt, the emperor went to the Smolensk cemetery for the funeral. Five days later, on February 12 (24), an emergency state body was established to prevent terrorist activity - the Supreme Administrative Commission.

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A strange feeling of embitterment and at the same time respect for the calmness of this figure was united at this time in Rostov’s soul.
“I’m not talking about you,” he said, “I don’t know you and, I admit, I don’t want to know.” I'm talking about staff in general.
“And I’ll tell you what,” Prince Andrei interrupted him with calm authority in his voice. “You want to insult me, and I am ready to agree with you that this is very easy to do if you do not have sufficient respect for yourself; but you must admit that both the time and the place were chosen very badly for this. One of these days we will all have to be in a big, more serious duel, and besides, Drubetskoy, who says that he is your old friend, is not at all to blame for the fact that you had the misfortune of not liking my face. However,” he said, getting up, “you know my last name and know where to find me; but don’t forget,” he added, “that I do not consider myself or you at all offended, and my advice, as a man older than you, is to leave this matter without consequences. So on Friday, after the show, I’m waiting for you, Drubetskoy; “goodbye,” Prince Andrei concluded and left, bowing to both.
Rostov remembered what he needed to answer only when he had already left. And he was even more angry because he forgot to say this. Rostov immediately ordered his horse to be brought in and, having said a dry goodbye to Boris, went home. Should he go to the main apartment tomorrow and call this broken adjutant or, in fact, leave this matter like that? there was a question that tormented him all the way. Either he thought angrily about the pleasure with which he would see the fear of this small, weak and proud man under his pistol, then he felt with surprise that of all the people he knew, there was no one he would want to have as his friend. , like this adjutant he hated.

On the next day of Boris’s meeting with Rostov, there was a review of Austrian and Russian troops, both fresh ones who came from Russia and those who returned from a campaign with Kutuzov. Both emperors, the Russian with the heir, the Tsarevich, and the Austrian with the Archduke, made this review of the allied army of 80 thousand.
From early morning, the smartly cleaned and groomed troops began to move, lining up on the field in front of the fortress. Then thousands of legs and bayonets moved with waving banners and, at the command of the officers, they stopped, turned around and lined up at intervals, bypassing other similar masses of infantry in different uniforms; then the elegant cavalry in blue, red, green embroidered uniforms with embroidered musicians in front, on black, red, gray horses, sounded with measured stomping and clanking; then, stretching out with its copper sound of cleaned, shining guns trembling on carriages and with its smell of armor, the artillery crawled between the infantry and cavalry and was placed in designated places. Not only the generals in full dress uniform, with extremely thick and thin waists pulled together and reddened, propped up collars, necks, in scarves and all the orders; not only the pomaded, well-dressed officers, but every soldier, with a fresh, washed and shaved face and his equipment cleaned to the last possible shine, every horse groomed so that its fur shone like satin and its mane was soaked hair by hair, - everyone felt that something serious, significant and solemn was happening. Each general and soldier felt their insignificance, recognizing themselves as a grain of sand in this sea of people, and together they felt their power, recognizing themselves as part of this huge whole.
Intense efforts and efforts began early in the morning, and at 10 o’clock everything was in the required order. There were rows on the huge field. The entire army was drawn up in three lines. Cavalry in front, artillery behind, infantry behind.
Between each row of troops there was, as it were, a street. Three parts of this army were sharply separated from one another: the combat Kutuzovskaya (in which the Pavlograd residents stood on the right flank in the front line), the army and guards regiments and the Austrian army. But everyone stood under the same line, under the same leadership and in the same order.
An excited whisper swept through the leaves like the wind: “They’re coming!” they're coming! Frightened voices were heard, and a wave of bustle and final preparations ran through all the troops.
A moving group appeared ahead of Olmutz. And at the same time, although the day was windless, a light stream of wind ran through the army and slightly shook the weather vane's peaks and the unfurled banners, which fluttered against their poles. It seemed that the army itself, with this slight movement, expressed its joy at the approach of the sovereigns. One voice was heard: “Attention!” Then, like roosters at dawn, the voices repeated in different directions. And everything became quiet.
In the dead silence, only the clatter of horses could be heard. It was the retinue of emperors. The sovereigns approached the flank and the sounds of the trumpeters of the first cavalry regiment were heard playing the general march. It seemed that it was not the trumpeters who played this, but the army itself, rejoicing at the approach of the sovereign, naturally making these sounds. From behind these sounds, one young, gentle voice of Emperor Alexander was clearly heard. He said a greeting, and the first regiment barked: Hurrah! so deafeningly, continuously, joyfully that the people themselves were horrified by the number and strength of the bulk that they made up.