What is the brightest star in the sky? Google will tell us that this is Sirius, and will be right, but only partly.

Sirius is indeed the brightest star at the night sky, but this is just because it is at the same time one of the stars closest to us: from the sun to Sirius - only 8,6 light years: he lives in astronomical standards not even in the "nearby apartment ", and in another room of our.

It is worth adding that Sirius slowly drifts towards the Sun, which is why its brightness in the near future will increase.

However, in general, by the standards of our galaxy, Sirius is a very modest phenomenon: being a white star spectral class A, he only twice as much more than our sun. More precisely, this applies to the component of Sirius visible to us: in fact, this is a double star, the second component of which is the White Dwarf - "Mummy" is older, who has already been taught.

The relative dimensions of the stars of the main sequence depending on the spectral type: Sun - G, Sirius - A.

Canopus refers to white-yellow supergigant (spectral class F). It is about 10 times heavier than the sun, about 65 times more and shines approximately 15 thousand times stronger.


True, in our sky, Canopus is not visible: he is familiar to the residents of southern heraper. In the North Sky, the closest and most famous "relative" (another yellow-white supergiant) is a polar star. It's funny that during seaming in the southern hemisphere these stars are equally used as standard landmarks.

Canopus is located at a distance of 310 light years, and because of this, only the insignificant part of his light comes to us. It is at the same distance as Sirius, in brightness, he would probably except the moon. Alas, life in this sense is unfair, and we are deprived of such an impressive spectacle.

A polar star is noticeably less ("only" 6 solar masses, 37 solar radius and 2000 solar brightness), it is also located further - 440 light years, so that it is not even among the top ten stars of the night sky.

The largest star visible from the Earth is a blower. It seems to us much less bright, through Sirius, Canopus, or, for example, Vega, but this is because it is very far away: almost 900 light years. And in fact, the Rigel is a real monster: a blue supergiant, twice as heavy than canopus (almost 20 solar masses), is 75 times greater than the sun and almost ten thousand times more bright!


But there are stars in our galaxy, compared with which even the riglel seems to be dwarf. These are the so-called hypergigiments that can be hundreds of times more and in millions of times the sun.

The most famous of them is this keel, or Foramen - probably the largest and most bright star visible from the ground. This keel refers to the class of the so-called. Bright blue (spectral class O) variables, that is, stars that significantly change their brightness during observations.

This keel, apparently, has a mass of about 120 mass of the Sun, about 800 times more than our star. Thanks to this, she is known to astronomers from antiquity, although it is removed from us to the impressive 7.5 thousand light years.

This keel, as we have already said, is a variable star: Astronomers fix significant changes in its brightness over time. So, at the beginning of the XIX century, this keel significantly increased its brightness in heaven, and in 1838 she published brightly observed from the earth - a very impressive result, taking into account the colossal distance dividing us. However, then she began to quickly lose their brightness, and by the beginning of the 20th century it became invisible to the armed eye. Throughout the last century, its brightness remained at about the same level, undergoing minor fluctuations, but in 1995-1996 she began to shine almost twice as much, again becoming visible to the naked eye.

Such an unstable behavior of such supermassive stars is explained by the constant struggle between the gravity force seeking to compress, compact the star, and the pressure of the star radiation, aspiring, on the contrary, break it into parts. At the peaks of the luminosity, the star actively throws its own substance into the surrounding space. Such processes occur in the sun (notorious solar flares and the following magnetic storms: the processes of reflection of the flow of charged particles of the magnetosphere of the Earth). However, in the case of Hypergigants such as Etie Kiel, these processes have a very dramatic character: according to the estron counts, during the outbreak of the XIX century, it could lose at least 10% of its mass, i.e. Monslablighted gas equal to the mass of a dozen suns. The consequence of this process was the cooling of a star and a decrease in its radiation: gravity again began to prevail and pull the part of the sprawl back to the star.

In the case of a keel, the physics of her life is complicated by the fact that she has a companion star - also quite massive (about 50 solar masses). Rounding around each other, these stars can exchange substance that, imposing on "own" processes inside each of the stars, can also lead to change of luminosity.

The monscut of this keel and its "companion" gas form a hot gas cloud, known as the nebula of the homunculus.


Such clouds surround other famous stars of these classes. Because of these (and other) clouds, many similar stars are in principle cannot be seen in the optical range (that is, even in the most powerful optical telescope). They can be "considered" only in the infrared range - like, for example, another largest star of our galaxy, a star of a gun, or V4647 SGR. In theory, we would have to see her perfectly from the ground: she would have to be on 8-9 place in the list of the brightest stars of our sky. Alas, it is completely obscured by clouds of cosmic dust.

The greater the star - the shorter the lifetime, she was rejected. If the Sun is allocated about 10-12 billion years, 5 of which have already passed, then this keel and other hypergigiments are likely to live no more than a million years. At the same time, astronomers believe that this keel has already lived most of the deadline for her time: approximately after 10-20 thousand years it will become supernova, after which, apparently, collapsing in a black hole. It is assumed that the outbreak of the eet of a keel as a supernova will be felt even on Earth: powerful radiation can fail the communication satellites.

And the biggest known today is a star known as R136A1. It is more than 300 times heavier than the Sun (twice as much as Etie Kiel and 15 times - Rigel) and shines about 10 million times stronger. Thanks to this, we know about its existence, although it is already in the neighboring galaxy - Andromeda nebula, at a distance of 165 thousand light years. You can't see it with the unarmed eye, and even in an amateur telescope, it is not without difficulty can find a star cluster, part of which it is. Prior to its discovery, it was believed that the stars of such a mass could not exist at all: it was assumed that the upper limit of the mass of a single star should be about 150 solar, and more massive objects collapse into a black hole in the early stages of their lives. However, the Universe does not get tired to present surprises to us. And this makes the process of studying it madly fascinating.

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People always admired the starry sky. Still in the Stone Age, living in the caves and dressed in the skins, at night they raised their heads to the sky and admired luminous lights.


Today, the stars still attract our eyes. We know well that the brightest of them is the sun. But what are the rest called? What stars, in addition to the Sun, the most bright?

1. Sirius

Sirius is the brightest star at the night sky. It does not exceed it (only 22 times), but because of his proximity to Earth, it is noticeable better than others. The star can be seen from almost any corner of the globe, except for the northern regions.

In 1862, astronomers found that Sirius had a companion star. Both are spinning around the single center of the masses, but only one of them is visible from the ground - Sirius A. According to scientists, the star is gradually approaching the Sun. Its speed is 7.6 km / s, so over time it will become even brighter.

2. Canopus

Canopus enters the constellation of keel and performs the second brightness after Sirius. It refers to supergiants, exceeding the sun on a radius of 65 times.

Among all stars located at a distance of 700 light years from the Earth, Canopus has the greatest luminosity, but due to its remoteness, shines not as bright as Sirius. Once, before the invention, the compass, the sailors used it as a guiding star.

3. Toliman

Toliman is differently called Alpha Centauro. In fact, it is a double system with the stars A and B, however, these stars are so close to each other that they cannot be discerned with the naked eye. The third brightness in the sky is one of them - Alpha Centaur A.

In the same system there is another star - a procamation of the Centaur, but usually it is considered separately, and in brightness it does not even come in 25 stars with the greatest luminosity.

4. Arctur

Arcturus refers to orange giants and shines brighter other stars entering with him. In different regions of the earth, it can be seen at different times of the year, but in Russia it is always visible.

According to the observations of astronomers, Arcturus is a variable star, that is, changing its brightness. Every 8 days its shine varies by 0.04 star magnitude, which is explained by the surface ripple.

5. Vega

The fifth brightness asterisk enters the constellation of the Lira and is the most studied after the sun. Vega is located at a short distance from the solar system (only 25 light years) and see from anywhere in the planet, with the exception of Antarctica and the northern regions of North America.

Around the entrance is a disc from gas and dust, which infrared rays radiate under the influence of its energy.

6. Capella

From an astronomical point of view, the star is interesting for its double system. Capella is two gigantic stars remote from each other by 100 million kilometers. One of them, called Chapel Aa, is old and gradually begins to plump.


The second - Chapel AB - still shine quite brightly, but, according to scientists, the synthesis processes of helium have already ended in it. Sooner or later shells of both stars expand and get in touch with each other.

7. Rigel

The luminosity of the Rigel is 130 thousand times more than the sun. This is one of the most powerful stars in the Milky Way, but because of its remoteness from the solar system (773 light years) it takes only the seventh place in brightness.

Like the Arkurkur, the Rigel is considered a variable star and changes its brightness with an interval from 22 to 25 days.

8. PERSON

The distance of the Earth is only 11.4 light years. Its system includes two stars - priest A (bright) and the probe in (dim). The first is yellow subgigant and shines about 7.5 times brighter than the sun. By virtue of its age over time, it will begin to expand and will shine much better.

It is believed that sooner or later it will increase 150 times from its real sizes, and then take orange or red.

9. Ahernar

On the list of the 10 brightest stars of the sky, Ahernar takes only the ninth place, but at the same time it is the hottest and blue. The star is located in the constellation Eridan and shines 3,000 times brighter.

An interesting feature of Ahernar is very rapid rotation around its axis, as a result of which it has an elongated form.

10. Bethelgeuse

The maximum luminosity of Bethelgeuse is 105 thousand times higher than the luminosity of the Sun, but it is located at a distance of about 640 light years from the solar system, so it's not so bright as previous nine stars.


Due to the fact that the brightness of Bethelgeuse smoothly decreases from the center to the surface, scientists still cannot calculate its diameter.

On the evening sky from the planets with the naked eye is visible only VENUS (M \u003d - 4.3 )* .

VENUS The first among the stars appears in the sky after sunset and with the onset of the night it becomes brighter! Venus in March is a wonderful evening visibility. On March 25, it will be in the greatest Eastern elongation - at the maximum angular distance from the Sun - 46 degrees and the duration of its visibility at the end of the month will be 5 hours! At the beginning of the month, she comes in half the twelfth night, at the end - at around one hour. Moves on the constellation of Aries.

At the end of the month (March 27-29), if the sky is clear, in the evening you can admire the most bright luminaries of the night sky: a bright Venus and a sickle of a young moon will be visible over the western horizon.

* The brackets indicate the star value (M), which characterizes the brightness: the brighter the star or the planet, the smaller the stellar value.

Constellations on the evening sky

In the south, low above the horizon shines the brightest star of our sky - Sirius (-1.4m) from constellation Big PSA. On the right of him, the constellation of Orion is seen, bright stars are evaporated: Bethelgeuse * (+ 0.5m)., Bellatrix. (+ 1.6m), Saif (+ 2.1m) and Rigel (+ 0.2M). Left and above Orion is located constellation Twins, bright stars of which are the names of two twin brothers: Castor (+ 1.6m) and Polluksa(+ 1.2m).

Below the twins is visible a bright star PERSON (+ 0.4m) from constellation Small Psa.. Saturation, Bethelgeuse and Sirius form a "winter triangle". Close to zenith visible bright Capellafrom constellation Easy.


View of the starry sky over the southern horizon on March 15 at 20:30

* - Bethelgeuse (+ 0.5m) - Astronomers of the whole world are now carefully watching this star - she very rapidly lost its brightness. This is the second in the brightness of the star in the constellation Orion and she held 10th place on the visible brightness among other stars, now Bethelgei takes the 24th place. The brightness of the star began to decrease since October 2019 and in early February 2020 reached the minimum value of + 1.66m (star values). As observations show, in recent days, Bethelgeuse has ceased to fill up and on February 22, its brightness has grown to + 1.52m (than a brighter star, the less its star magnitude characterizing the brightness). Such oscillations in the brightness of the star are most likely associated with its change.

Betelgeuse is a massive red supergiant and refers to variables, pulsating stars with a period of 420-430 days. In the past few years, the increased interest in Betelgeuse was also caused by the fact that this star is a supernova candidate, i.e. should explode. When this explosion will be predicted difficult.

Interestingly, Bethelgeuse was the first star for which the disk photographs were received. The first photo was made by the Hubble orbital telescope in 1995.


This image shows the Betelgeuse star before and after it is blackout.
Observations made using the Sphere tool on a very large telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO)
In January and December 2019, show how much the star went out and how its visible form changed

Over the Eastern Horizon rose into the sky "Spring" constellations: Bootes with bright Arctur, Veronica's hair, a lion With his bright star Regular. And above visible Big bucket Constellation Big Dipper His "handle" is lowered to the horizon.


View of the starry sky over the eastern horizon on March 15 at 20:30

In the West, the constellations are leaning towards the horizon Fish, Whale, Pegasa, Andromeda, Aries with bright Venus and Triangle .


View of the starry sky over the western horizon on March 15 at 20:30

In the north, the bright stars of the summer sky are visible in the north above the horizon: Denb of Swan And the horizon itself is bright Eugene but of Lyry. Above - constellation Dragon (with his main star Foremine) I. Cefhea. Above the point of the North "hanging" Polar Star from constellation Small Majer.

Each star has its own history, life cycle and stages of formation. They differ in color and strength. For example, some of them are able to light the reaction of nuclear synthesis. Surprisingly, isn't it? And one of the most powerful, unusual and bright is the star Ahernar, located from our world in 139 light years. We are talking about a blue star whose brightness exceeds the sun 3000 times. It has a quick rotation and high temperature. Due to the speed of movement, its equatorial radius is more than a polar about 56%.

Also brighter and more powerful shines the Red Star called Bethelgeuse. In his class is the hottest. Experts suggest that it will not last long, because sooner or later, hydrogen will end and Bethelgeuse will switch to helium. It is worth noting that the temperature is not too high, only 3500K, but it shines approximately 100,000 times brighter than the sun. Located from the ground about 600 light years. Over the next million years, the stars should turn into a supernova, and it is likely to become the brightest. Perhaps our descendants will be able to see it even during the day.

The next among the most bright stars is the heavenly luminaire of the F-class called the priest. A rather modest star in its parameters, which is today located on the verge of exhaustion of hydrogen reserves. In terms of its dimensions, it is more than 40% more than 40%, however, the subgarty in terms of evolution shines 7 times rich and brighter. Why did the passage get such a high place in the ranking, because there are more powerful shining? The fact is that it is brighter than the Sun, taking into account 11.5 of the light years from us. It must be taken into account, whether it is closer, we would have to pay more attention to the creation of lenses in sunglasses.

One of the brightest stars on the planet, the power of which can be fully evaluated only from Orion. Even more remote luminaries, located in 860 from the planet. In this case, the temperature of the nucleus is 12,000 degrees. It must be said that the Rigel is not one of the stars of the main sequence. However, the blue giant brighter of the sun is 120 thousand times. So that you have an idea if the star was at a distance from our planet like Mercury, we would not see anything. However, even on the territory of Orion, she blinds.

Speaking of unusual stars, there is a challenge leader. What is so unique heavenly shining? The fact is that this star is at once two surfaces, the temperature of each of which is more than the sun. At the same time, supergingants brighter 78 times. Are at a distance of 42 light years. The combination of two stars is fairly easy to detect a clear day, more precisely night. However, only aware people will be able to understand how this miracle looks like in heaven. Probably, you have already understood what names are caused by many terms in Russian, and not only.

For many people, Vega is associated with an Internet provider, and for the filmmakers by the house of the aliens (the film "Contact"). In fact, Vega is a bright star located in 25 light years from the ground. Her age is equal to 500 million years. Today, the astronomers are used as a zero star, that is, zero magnitude. Among all the listed class A, it is considered the most powerful. At the same time, brighter of the Sun is about 40 times. In our sky, it is the fifth in brightness, and in the northern part of the hemisphere is inferior at the specified parameter only one unique luminaire, which will be discussed further.

The only orange star in this rating, on the scale of evolution located between the Capella and the procation. The brightest star on the territory of the northern hemisphere of the planet. If you want to have an idea of \u200b\u200bits placement, emphasize the rush handle of a big bear. She is always in the framework of this constellation. Brighter Sun is about 170 times. As part of its further development, it should be much stronger. Located about 37 light years.

We are talking about the triple system, each member of which is similar to its parameters with the Sun. Funny, but all participants in the Alpha Centauri system are much dim, any of the stored stars in the rating of the brightest. However, the system is located close enough to the ground, so its lighting is noticeable even in the city. The distance is 4.4 light years. Well, it's time to talk about the most unique celestial luminaires of this top. Surely, many are now aware of the choice of astrolories who are spending their time for years to study really intangible objects.